Accountancy, auditing and finance There are many professional bodies for accountants and auditors throughout the world; some of them are legally recognized in their jurisdictions.
Public accountants are the
accountancy and
control experts that are legally certified in different
jurisdictions to work in public practices, certifying accounts as
statutory auditors, eventually selling advice and services to other individuals and businesses. Today, however, many work within private corporations, financial industry, and government bodies.
Accounting and external auditing Cf.
Accountancy qualifications and regulation •
CPA (
Chartered Professional Accountant), the unified accounting designation in Canada conferred by
CPA Canada. • CA or
Chartered Accountant conferred by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. • Institute of Chartered Accountants within the Commonwealth e.g. Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, Canada (before merger into CPA). With mutual recognition with each other and with the UK •
ACA,
FCA or
CA (
Chartered Accountant) conferred by Institutes of
Chartered Accountants in various territories, namely the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. •
ACMA or FCMA (Associate or Fellow Chartered Management Accountant) conferred by the
Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (UK) • Associate or Fellow Chartered Certified Accountant (
ACCA or
FCCA) conferred by
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (UK) • AFA or FFA (Associate or Fellow Incorporated Financial Accountant) conferred by the
Institute of Financial Accountants (UK) • AAIA or
FAIA (Associate or Fellow International Accountant) conferred by
Association of International Accountants • MIPA or FIPA (Member or Fellow of the
Institute of Public Accountants who use the designation "Public Accountant") conferred by the
Institute of Public Accountants (Australia) • CPA (
Certified Public Accountant) conferred by State Accountancy Boards in the US, Hong-Kong, Canada ... • CMA (
Certified Management Accountant) conferred by
Institute of Certified Management Accountants (ICMA in Australia),
Institute of Management Accountants (IMA in US) • CCC (Chartered
Cost Controllers) issued and conferred by the
American Academy of Financial Management USA Certifying Board (
AAFM) • CFS (Certified Finance Specialist) conferred by IQN
Internal auditing and fraud combat • CIA (
Certified Internal Auditor): CCSA, Certification in Control Self Assessment; CGAP, Certified Government Auditing Professional; CRMA, Certification in Risk Management Assurance; QIAL, Qualification in Internal Audit Leadership, conferred by the internationally recognized
Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) headquartered in
Lake Mary, Florida, with chapters in many countries • CFE (
Certified Fraud Examiner) conferred by the
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) headquartered in Texas with chapters in many countries • CFF (
Certified in Financial Forensics) awarded by the
American Institute of CPAs • CISA (
Certified Information Systems Auditor) awarded by the
Information Systems Audit and Control Association headquartered in the US with chapters in many countries • CAMS (Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist) offered by
Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS) and advanced CAMS • CGSS (Certified Global Sanctions Specialist) conferred by
Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS)
Finance • CFA (
Chartered Financial Analyst) conferred by
CFA Institute (CFA) • CIIA (
Certified International Investment Analyst) conferred by the
Association of Certified International Investment Analysts (ACIIA)
Investments • CFA (
Chartered Financial Analyst) conferred by
CFA Institute (CFA) • CFOA (Certified Futures and Options Analyst), conferred by the International Council for Derivative Trading (ICFDT) • CIPM (
Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement) conferred by
CFA Institute (CFA) • CIIA (
Certified International Investment Analyst) conferred by the
Association of Certified International Investment Analysts (ACIIA) • ASA (Accredited Senior Appraiser), AM (Accredited Member), and CEIV (Certified in Entity and Intangible Valuations) conferred by the
American Society of Appraisers • CBV (Chartered Business Valuator) conferred by the
CBV Institute. • CAIA (
Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst) conferred by the CAIA Association • FRM (
Financial Risk Manager) conferred by
Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) • PRM (
Professional Risk Manager) conferred by
Professional Risk Managers' International Association (PRMIA) • FMVA (Financial Modeling and Valuation Analyst) conferred by
Corporate Finance Institute (CFI). • CQF (
Certificate in Quantitative Finance), conferred by the CQF Institute
Payroll • CPP (Certified Payroll Professional) and FPC (Fundamental Payroll Specialist) conferred by the
American Payroll Association. • Payroll Compliance Practitioner (PCP) and Certified Payroll Manager (CPM) conferred by the
National Payroll Institute Personal finance • CFA (
Chartered Financial Analyst) conferred by
CFA Institute (CFA) • CFP (
Certified Financial Planner) conferred by
Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards and
Financial Planning Standards Board • EA (
Enrolled Agent) by the
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Public finance •
CCMT (
Certified California Municipal Treasurer) conferred by
California Municipal Treasurers Association (CMTA) • CGAP (Certified
Government Auditing Professional) conferred by the
Institute of Internal Auditors, based on the US
Government Auditing Standards (Yellow Book) and additionally on
COSO, IIA standards and
INTOSAI ISSAI standards recognized worldwide in public finance • CDFM (Certified Defense Financial Manager) conferred by Society of Defense Financial Management (SDFM) (previously named American Society of Military Comptrollers (ASMC)) • CFO (Certified Financial Officer) conferred by the
Carl Vinson Institute of Government of the
University of Georgia •
CGFM (
Certified Government Financial Manager) conferred by Association of Government Accountants (AGA) • CGAT (Certified Governmental Accounting Technician), conferred by Government Finance Officers Association of Alabama • CGFO (Certified Government Finance Officer) conferred by
Government Finance Officers Association of Texas (GFOAT) • CMFO (Certified Municipal Finance Officer) conferred by Government Finance Officers of New Jersey,
Rutgers University, and the State of
New Jersey • CMFO (Certified Municipal Finance Officer) conferred by Tennessee Comptroller of the Treasury and the
Municipal Technical Advisory Service • CPFO (Certified Public Finance Officer) conferred by
Government Finance Officers Association • CPFA (Certified Public Finance Administrator) conferred by
Association of Public Treasurers of the United States and Canada (APTUSC)
Architecture • AIA (Member, American Institute of Architects) conferred by
American Institute of Architects • FAIA (Fellow, American Institute of Architects) conferred by
American Institute of Architects • RA (
Registered Architect) conferred by National Council of Architecture Registration Boards • NCARB (
Certified) issued by National Council of Architecture Registration Boards – this allows for state-state reciprocity.
Archival science, information privacy, and records management • CA (Certified Archivist), conferred by
Academy of Certified Archivists • CIPM (Certified Information Privacy Manager) conferred by
International Association of Privacy Professionals • CIPP (Certified Information Privacy Professional) conferred by
International Association of Privacy Professionals • CIPT (Certified Information Privacy Technologist) conferred by
International Association of Privacy Professionals • CRA (Certified Records Analyst) conferred by
Institute of Certified Records Managers • CRM (Certified Records Manager) conferred by
Institute of Certified Records Managers • IGP (Information Governance Professional) conferred by
ARMA International Aviation Aviators are certified through theoretical and in-flight examinations. Requirements for certifications are quite equal in most countries and are regulated by each National Aviation Authority. The existing certificates or pilot licenses are: • SPL (Sport Pilot License) conferred by the FAA (
Federal Aviation Administration) •
PPL (Private Pilot License) conferred by the FAA (
Federal Aviation Administration) or JAA (
Joint Aviation Authorities) • CPL (
Commercial Pilot Licence) conferred by the FAA (
Federal Aviation Administration) or JAA (
Joint Aviation Authorities) • ATP (
Airline Transport Pilot) conferred by the FAA (
Federal Aviation Administration) or JAA (
Joint Aviation Authorities) Licensing in these categories require not only examinations but also a minimum number of flight hours. All categories are available for Fixed-Wing Aircraft (
airplanes) and Rotatory-Wing Aircraft (
helicopters). Within each category, aviators may also obtain certifications in: • Instrument Flight Rules (
IFR) •
Multi-engine aircraft •
Turbojet Engines •
Jet Engines •
Experimental aircraft •
Amphibious aircraft •
Seaplanes Usually, aviators must be certified also in their log books for the type and model of aircraft they are allowed to fly. Currency checks as well as regular medical check-ups with a frequency of 6 months, 12 months, or 36 months, depending on the type of flying permitted, are obligatory. An aviator can fly only if holding: • A valid pilot license • A valid medical certificate • Valid certifications for the type of aircraft and type of flight. In
Europe, the
ANSP,
ATCO & ANSP technicians are certified according to EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement (ESARRs) (according to
EU regulation 2096/2005 "Common Requirements").
Biomedical • BMD (Biomedical Electronics Technician) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association • BIET (Biomedical Imaging Electronics Technician) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association Chiropractic Communications In the United States, several communications certifications are conferred by the
Electronics Technicians Association.
Computer technology Certification is often used in the professions of
software engineering and
information technology. • CITP (Chartered IT Professional) conferred by
British Computer Society,
The Institution of Engineering and Technology and by other professional engineering institutions in the UK and commonwealth
Dance Conferred by the International Dance Council CID at UNESCO, the International Certification of Dance Studies is awarded to students who have completed 150 hours of classes in a specific form of dance for Level 1. Another 150 hours are required for Level 2 and so on till Level 10. This is the only international certification for dance since the International Dance Council CID
Dentistry Electronics In the United States, several electronics certifications are provided by the
Electronics Technicians Association.
Emergency management The
Federal Emergency Management Agency's EMI offers credentials and training opportunities for United States citizens. Students do not have to be employed by FEMA or be federal employees for some of the programs.
Engineering Professional engineering is any act of planning, designing, composing, measuring, evaluating, inspecting, advising, reporting, directing or supervising, or managing any of the foregoing, that requires the application of engineering principles and that concerns the safeguarding of life, health, property, economic interests, the public interest or the environment. • P.Eng. (
Professional Engineer), conferred by provincial licensing bodies in Canada. • Ir. or P.Eng. (
Professional Engineer), conferred by Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) in Malaysia. • PE (
Professional Engineer), conferred by Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) and state licensing bodies in the United States. • PE (
Power Engineer), conferred by provincial safety authorities in Canada. • EUR ING (
European Engineer), conferred by the European Federation of National Engineering Associations (FEANI). • C.Eng. (
Chartered Engineer), conferred by professional engineering institutions in the UK and commonwealth. • SMIEEE (Senior member of the
IEEE), a
professional designation throughout all of the United States. • CET (
certified engineering technologist) or AScT (
applied science technologist), conferred by provincial licensing bodies in Canada. • SPE Society of Petroleum Engineers Certificate Is a program whereby it certifies the technical knowledge of petroleum engineers. The certification is granted based on an examination in conjunction with experience of the applicant.
Event planning Event planning includes budgeting, scheduling, site selection, acquiring necessary permits, coordinating transportation and parking, arranging for speakers or entertainers, arranging decor, event security, catering, coordinating with third-party vendors, and emergency plans.
Warehousing management A warehouse management system (WMS) is a part of the supply chain and primarily aims to control the movement and storage of materials within a warehouse and process the associated transactions, including shipping, receiving, putaway and picking. The systems also direct and optimize stock putaway based on real-time information about the status of bin utilization. A WMS monitors the progress of products through the warehouse. It involves the physical warehouse infrastructure,
tracking systems, and communication between product stations. More precisely, warehouse management involves the receipt, storage and movement of goods, (normally finished goods), to intermediate storage locations or to a final customer. In the multi-echelon model for distribution, there may be multiple levels of warehouses. This includes a central warehouse, a regional warehouses (serviced by the central warehouse) and potentially retail warehouses (serviced by the regional warehouses).
Environment •
CEnvP – Certified Environmental Practitioner
of Australia and New Zealand (CEnvP)
Environmental health •
CPHI(C) – Certified Public Health Inspector (Canada)
Explosive atmospheres IECEx covers the specialized field of explosion protection associated with the use of equipment in areas where flammable gases, liquids and combustible dusts may be present. This system provides the assurance that equipment is manufactured to meet safety standards, and that services such as installation, repair and overhaul also comply with IEC International Standards on 60079 series. The UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe), cited IECEx as one example of a practice model for the verification of conformity to IEC Standards, for European smaller countries with no certification schemes for such equipment. It published a "Common Regulatory Framework" as a suggestion for those countries implementing a certification program for the explosive atmospheres' segment.
Fiber optics and data cabling • DCI (Data Cabling Installer) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association • FOI (Fiber Optics Installer) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association • FOT (Fiber Optics Technician) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association • FOT-OSP (Fiber Optics Technician-Outside Plant) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association • FOD (Fiber Optics Designer) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association • TTT (Termination and Testing Technician) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association Genealogy • CG (Certified Genealogist) conferred by the
Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG). • CGL (Certified Genealogical Lecturer) conferred by the
Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG).
Health leadership • CHE (
Certified Health Executive) conferred by the Canadian College of Health Leaders (CCHL)
Hospitality and tourism • CHA (
Certified Hotel Administrator) conferred by American Hotel & Lodging Association • CMP (
Certified Meeting Professional) conferred by
Convention Industry Council • CEM (Certified in Exhibition Management) conferred by
International Association of Exhibitions and Events Insurance and risk management In the United States, insurance professionals are licensed separately by each state. Many individuals seek one or more certifications to distinguish themselves from their peers. • American College of Financial Services: •
Chartered Life Underwriter (CLU) •
Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC) • Academy of Professional Certification (APC) NGO: •
Certified Professional - Enterprise Risk Management (CP-ERM) •
ISO31000 Lead Risk Manager & Auditor (ISO 31000 LRMA ) • American Institute For Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters (The Institutes): •
Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter (CPCU®) • Associate in Risk Management (ARM) • National Alliance for Insurance Education & Research administers the
Certified Insurance Counselor (CIC) •
Professional Liability Underwriting Society (PLUS) administers
Registered Professional Liability Underwriter (RPLU).
Language education TESOL is a large field of employment with widely varying degrees of regulation. Most provision worldwide is through the
state school system of each individual country, and as such, the instructors tend to be trained primary- or
secondary school teachers who are
native speakers of the language of their pupils, and not of English. Though native speakers of English have been working in non-English speaking countries
in this capacity for years, it was not until the last twenty-five years or so that there was any widespread focus on training particularly for this field. Previously, workers in this sort of job were people engaging in
backpacker tourism hoping to earn some extra travel money or well-educated professionals in other fields
volunteering, or retired people. These sorts of people are certainly still to be found, but there are many who consider TESOL their main profession. One of the problems facing these full-time teachers is the absence of an international governing body for the certification or licensure of English language teachers. However,
Cambridge University and its subsidiary body
UCLES are pioneers in trying to get some degree of accountability and quality control to consumers of English courses, through their
CELTA and
DELTA programs.
Trinity College London has equivalent programs, the
CertTESOL and the
LTCL DipTESOL. They offer initial certificates in teaching, in which candidates are trained in
language awareness and
classroom techniques, and given a chance to practice teaching, after which feedback is reported. Both institutions have as a follow-up a professional diploma, usually taken after a year or two in the field. Although the initial certificate is available to anyone with a high school education, the diploma is meant to be a post-graduate qualification and can in fact be incorporated into a master's degree program.
Legal affairs An increasing number of attorneys are choosing to be recognized as having special expertise in certain fields of law. According to the
American Bar Association, a lawyer who is a certified specialist has been recognized by an independent professional certifying organization as having an enhanced level of skill and expertise, as well as substantial involvement in an established legal specialty. These organizations require a lawyer to demonstrate special training, experience and knowledge to ensure that the lawyer's recognition is meaningful and reliable. Lawyer conduct with regard to specialty certification is regulated by the states. Legal administrators vary in their day-to-day responsibilities and job requirements. The Association of Legal Administrators (ALA) is the credentialing body of the Certified Legal Manager (CLM) certification program. CLMs are recognized as administrators who have passed a comprehensive examination and have met other eligibility requirements.:
Logistics and transport Logistician is the profession in the logistics and transport sectors, including sea, air, land and rail modes. Professional qualification for logisticians usually carries post-nominal letters. Certification granting bodies include, but are not limited to,
Institute for Supply Management (ISM),
Association for Operations Management (APICS),
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT),
International Society of Logistics (SOLE),
Canadian Institute of Traffic and Transportation (CITT), and
Allied Council for Commerce and Logistics (ACCL).
Management Consulting Management consulting is the practice of providing consulting services to organizations to improve their performance or in any way to assist in achieving any sort of organizational objectives. The profession's primary certification is the "
Certified Management Consultant" (CMC) designation. Certification granting bodies are the approximately 50 Institutes of Management Consulting belonging to the
International Council of Management Consulting Institutes (ICMCI).
Marketing • CME (Certified Marketing Executive), conferred by Sales & Marketing Executives International, Inc..
Ministers Churches have their own process of who may use various religious titles.
Protestant churches typically require a
Masters of Divinity, accreditation by the
denomination and
ordination by the local church in order for a minister to become a "
Reverend". Those qualifications may or may not also give government authorization to solemnize
marriages.
Medicine Board certification is the process by which a physician in the United States documents by written, practical or computer based testing, illustrating a mastery of knowledge and skills that define a particular area of medical specialization. The
American Board of Medical Specialties, a not-for-profit organization, assists 24 approved medical specialty boards in the development and use of standards in the ongoing evaluation and certification of physicians. Medical specialty certification in the United States is a voluntary process. While medical licensure sets the minimum competency requirements to diagnose and treat patients, it is not specialty specific. Board certification demonstrates a physician's exceptional expertise in a particular specialty or sub-specialty of medical practice. Patients, physicians, health care providers, insurers and quality organizations regard certification as an important measure of a physician's knowledge, experience and skills to provide quality health care within a given specialty. Other professional certifications include certifications such as
medical licenses,
Membership of the Royal College of Physicians, Fellowship of the
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada,
nursing board certification, diplomas in
social work. The Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy certifies pharmacists that are knowledgeable about principles of geriatric pharmacotherapy and the provision of pharmaceutical care to the elderly. Additional certifying bodies relating to the medical field include: •
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists •
American College of Emergency Physicians •
Royal Australasian College of Physicians •
Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons •
Membership of the College of Emergency Medicine •
Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology •
American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Peer support NCPRP stands for "National Certified Peer Recovery Professional", and the NCPRP credential and exam were developed in collaboration with the International Certification Board of Recovery Professionals (ICBRP) and is currently being administered by
PARfessionals. PARfessionals is a professional organization and all of the available courses are professional development and pre-certification courses. The NCPRP credential and exam focus primarily on the concept of
peer recovery through mental health and addiction recovery. It has the main purpose of training student-candidates on how to become
peer recovery professionals who can provide guidance, knowledge or assistance for individuals who have had similar experiences. Each student-candidate must complete several key steps which include initial registration; the pre-certification review course; and all applicable sections of the official application in order to become eligible to complete the final step, which is the NCPRP certification exam. The NCPRP credential is obtained once a participant successfully passes the NCPRP certification exam by the second attempt and is valid for five years.
Physical asset management • MMP –
Maintenance Management Professional Project management Organizations that offer various certifications include: •
American Academy of Project Management •
Project Management Institute •
Stanford University through the Stanford Advanced Project Management Certificate Program •
Association for Project Management Public relations In the US, the Universal Accreditation Board, an organization composed of the
Public Relations Society of America, the Agricultural Relations Council, the National School Public Relations Association, the Religious Communicators Council and other
public relations professional societies, administers the
Accreditation in Public Relations (APR), a voluntary certification program for public relations practitioners.
Real estate management The Building Owners and Managers Association and the
International Facility Management Association offer professional certifications for the operation and management of commercial properties.
Renewable energy • PVIP (PV Installation Professional) conferred by
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners • PVDS (PV Design Specialist) conferred by
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners • PVIS (PV Installation Specialist) conferred by
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners • PVCMS (PV Commissioning & Maintenance Specialist) conferred by
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners • PVSI (PV System Inspector) conferred by
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners • PVTS (PV Technical Sales) conferred by
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners • SHI (Solar Heating Installer) conferred by
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners • SHSI (Solar Heating System Inspector conferred by
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners • EVT (Electronic Vehicle Technician) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association • PVI (Photovoltaic Installer) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association • SWI (Small Wind Installer) conferred by
Electronics Technicians Association Safety and Occupational Hygiene •
Certified Safety Professional offered by the Board of Certified Safety Professionals •
Certified Industrial Hygienist Sales Organizations offering certification include: • Sales & Marketing Executives International •
Canadian Professional Sales Association Security •
ASIS International administers the Certified Protection Professional – Board-Certified in Security Management (CPP) •
ASIS International administers the
Physical Security Professional, Board-Certified (PSP) •
ASIS International administers the
Professional Certified Investigator, Board-Certified (PCI) •
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners administers the
Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) •
International Foundation of Protection Officers administers the
Certified Protection Officer (CPO) • Society of Payment Security Professionals (SPSP) administers the
Certified Payment-Card Industry Security Manager •
Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) from ISC2.org •
National Sheriffs' Association administers the
Certified Homeland Protection Professional (CHPP) Certification •
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the
Registered Locksmith (RL) Certification •
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the
Certified Registered Locksmith (CRL) Certification •
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the
Certified Professional Locksmith (CPL) Certification •
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the
Certified Master Locksmith (CML) Certification •
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Professional Safe Technician (CPS) Certification •
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Master Safe Technician (CMST) Certification •
Security Industry Association administers the Certified Security Project Manager (CSPM) Certification •
The Pennsylvania Security Organization administers the
Certified Protection Executive (CPE) and
Certified Protection Specialist (CPS) certifications. •
ISACA administers the
Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification •
ISACA administers the
Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) certification •
CompTIA administers the
CompTIA Security+ certification •
EC-Council administers the
Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification •
GIAC administers the
GIAC Security Essentials Certification (GSEC) •
ISC2 administers the
Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) certification
Sports == Other applications ==