From the late 1960s to the early 1980s,
Liberty Lobby (and founder
Willis Carto) and the
John Birch Society, along with associated authors such as
Gary Allen and
Archibald Roberts, helped shape anti-internationalism into antiglobalism. The organizations became institutionalized as they outlasted many other far-right groups, becoming "ideological hubs"; their focus on spreading information through publications, such as
The Spotlight and
American Opinion, helped antiglobalism spread. Among the
Christian right, particularly the Protestant right,
globalism is an umbrella term which includes perceived secular aspects such as
environmentalism,
feminism, and
socialism; globalism is believed to underlie the expansion of the
New World Order – a prophesied enemy attempting to thwart Christianity – through organizations such as the European Union, United Nations, and World Trade Organization. Globalist values, promoted by the UN as a whole and the
World Health Organization, among others, are perceived to be at odds with Christian values. UN conventions on
discrimination against women and
children's rights have thus been fiercely opposed by organizations and leading figures on the Christian right, such as
Concerned Women for America, as methods to weaken parental rights, destroy the traditional family, and separate children from their religious and familial settings. The UN as a satanic enemy is a theme in apocalyptic Christian media, such as the 1990s–2000s series
Left Behind, in which the UN is run by the
Antichrist, as well as
Pat Robertson's 1991
New World Order and
Hal Lindsey's 1994 book
Planet Earth 2000 A.D.: Will Mankind Survive?. Right-wing antiglobalism began to gain traction in the 2010s in countries like the United Kingdom and the United States, which were previously seen as major supporters of globalization. Before the 21st century, most of the critiques of
globalism came from its impact on the
Global South. In the 21st century, there have been increasing concerns about its effect on the Global North. Globalism has been criticized as leading to the outsourcing of jobs through its promotion of
free trade and
cultural homogenization. ==Common ideas and themes==