Baháʼí Persian romanization Baháʼís use a system standardized by
Shoghi Effendi, which he initiated in a general letter on March 12, 1923. The Baháʼí transliteration scheme was based on a standard adopted by the Tenth International Congress of Orientalists which took place in
Geneva in September 1894. Shoghi Effendi changed some details of the Congress's system, most notably in the use of
digraphs in certain cases (e.g.
s͟h instead of
š). A detailed introduction to the Baháʼí Persian romanization can usually be found at the back of a Baháʼí scripture.
ASCII Internet romanizations It is common to write Persian language with only the
Latin alphabet (as opposed to the
Persian alphabet) especially in
online chat,
social networks,
emails and
SMS. It has developed and spread due to a former lack of software supporting the Persian alphabet, and/or due to a lack of knowledge about the software that was available. Although Persian writing is supported in recent
operating systems, there are still many cases where the Persian alphabet is unavailable and there is a need for an alternative way to write Persian with the
basic Latin alphabet. This way of writing is sometimes called
Fingilish or
Pingilish (a
portmanteau of
Fârsi or
Persian and
English). In most cases this is an
ad hoc simplification of the scientific systems listed above (such as ALA-LC or BGN/PCGN), but ignoring any special letters or diacritical signs. The details of the spelling also depend on the contact language of the speaker; for example, the vowel is often spelt "oo" after English, but Persian speakers from Germany and some other European countries are more likely to use "u".
Persian alphabet based on Latin in USSR In the USSR from 1931 to 1938, the Persian alphabet based on Latin
was used. It was used for teaching in schools, the
Bejraqe Sorx (Red Banner) newspaper was published in
Ashgabat, as well as textbooks and other literature.
Tajik Latin alphabet The
Tajik language or Tajik Persian is a variety of the Persian language. It was written in the
Tajik SSR in a standardized Latin script from 1926 until the late 1930s, when the script was officially
changed to Cyrillic. As a result of these factors romanization schemes of the Tajik Cyrillic script follow rather different principles. Even though it is largely unused,
Google Translate implements the alphabet as the Latin transliteration for Tajik.
Variation proposed by Mir Shamsuddin Adib-Soltani A variation (that is sometimes called "Pârstin") proposed by linguist
Mir Shamsuddin Adib-Soltani in 1976 has seen some use by other linguists, such as
David Neil MacKenzie for the transliteration of the Persian scripture. The letters of this variation of the Latin alphabet are the basic Latin letters:
Aa,
Bb,
Cc,
Dd,
Ee,
Ff,
Gg,
Hh,
Ii,
Jj,
Kk,
Ll,
Mm,
Nn,
Oo,
Pp,
Qq,
Rr,
Ss,
Tt,
Uu,
Vv,
Xx,
Yy,
Zz, plus the additional letters to support the native sounds:
Ââ,
Čč,
Šš,
Žž (the latter three from Slavic alphabets, like the
Czech one). Besides being one of the simplest variations proposed for the Latinization of the
Persian alphabet, this variation is based on the
Alphabetic principle. Based on this principle, each individual speech sound is represented by a single letter and there is a one-to-one correspondence between sounds and the letters that represent them. This principle, besides increasing the clarity of the text and preventing confusion for the reader, is specifically useful for representing the native sounds of the Persian language, for which there are no equivalents in most other languages written in a Latin-based alphabet. For instance, compound letters used in the other variations, such as
kh and
gh, in addition to
sh and
zh are respectively represented by
x,
q,
š and
ž. ==See also==