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Saint Columba Altarpiece

The Saint Columba Altarpiece is a large c. 1450–1455 oil-on-oak wood panel altarpiece by Early Netherlandish painter Rogier van der Weyden painted during his late period. It was commissioned for the church of St. Columba in Cologne, and is now in the Alte Pinakothek, Munich. It depict scenes from the early life of Jesus plus a crucifix with him on the cross. They show, from left to right, the Annunciation, the Adoration of the Magi and the Presentation, when she presents the infant at the Temple in Jerusalem. In each panel, Mary is distinguished by her blue clothes. The reverse of the exterior panels are covered with plain paint and lack indication that they ever contained donor portraits as were typical for the time.

Panels
Annunciation The elegant Annunciation scene shows the archangel Gabriel announcing to Mary that she will conceive and bear Jesus. Mary is dressed in blue robes and kneels in her chamber before a bed draped with red sheets. Compared to the central panel, the figures are positioned within a shallow and narrow space that lacks depth. A number of theories have been proposed to explain this, including that the panel was heavily revised based on the existence of underdrawings possibly executed by workshop members, or that the artist based it on a drawing or prototype from earlier in his career. The panel is filled with religious iconography. There is a faux carving of the fall of man on the side of the prie-dieu at which Mary kneels in her devotions. The gold pot on the lower foreground is filled with lilies. The stable's central piller in the rear has a crucifix with Jesus hanging on the cross. The donor is on the left of the panel, kneeling and cramped behind Joseph. He holds prayer beads and leans against the shed wall. He is depicted as a devout witness to the nativity, and is placed in front of the nearest part of a detailed and expansive cityscape that extends across the top portion of most of the panel. The city view on the panel's left contain a number of small figures walking along a steep pathway that winds downwards towards the stable. A small crucifix hangs on the pillar behind Mary's head, even though the scene takes place 33–36 years before the death of Jesus Christ. Presentation The presentation takes place in the octagonal building's entrance, in an area surrounded by monumental arches, another bold and innovative use of space and perspective. The buildings above the central part of the panel appear to be far more distant than those on the left, giving the impression that the city, which is presumably Bethlehem, is sharply receding into an increasingly remote horizon. ==Commission==
Commission
The altarpiece was recorded in the 1801 inventory of Cologne's St. Kolumba church, where it resided in the von dem Wasservass family chapel, which was probably established in the 1460s by Goddert von dem Wasservass, burgomaster of Cologne. It is reasonable to assume such a prominent resident of the city commissioned the piece. According to Lorne Campbell, based on the number of known copies, the piece probably never left the private chapel until 1801. Sulpiz and Melchior Boisseree bought it in 1808; their collection was acquired in 1827 for the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. ==Citations==
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