Early career Varlamov grew up in
Kuybyshev, developing his skills under the
VVS hockey program. Before learning to skate properly, he started playing in net at the age of eight, preferring the goalie stick to the inferior
bandy sticks that
mite-level players were using at the time. The young goalie moved to
Yaroslavl in his early teens and quickly established himself as the club's dominant goalie. During the 2004–05 season, Varlamov made his debut on
Lokomotiv's junior farm club,
Lokomotiv-2, playing as backup to
Ivan Kasutin in the 1st League (Russia 3). During the summer of 2005, Kasutin was loaned to
Penza, effectively making Varlamov the starting goalie for the 2005–06 season. In 2008, he helped lead Lokomotiv Yaroslavl to the
Russian Super League finals. He went 4–0–1 with a 2.37
goals against average (GAA) and .918
save percentage in six games with the Capitals, while also going 19–7–1 in 27 games with the Bears in the AHL. During the first round of the
2009 playoffs against the
New York Rangers, Varlamov replaced José Théodore after he allowed four goals to lose Game 1. He subsequently made his NHL playoff debut on 18 April 2009, losing the second game of the series 1–0. He went on to win Game 3 4–0 on 20 April, recording his first career NHL shutout. On 24 April, Game 5 of the series, Varlamov achieved his second shutout by the same score, 4–0. He won the next two games 5–3 and 2–1, respectively, to help the Washington Capitals advance to the second round of the playoffs for the first time since
1998. In Game 1 of the second round against the
Pittsburgh Penguins, Varlamov made a spectacular save on
Sidney Crosby that NHL pundits dubbed "the save of the playoffs." In Game 7 of that series, after allowing four early goals, he was pulled in favor of deposed starter José Théodore in which the Capitals were ultimately eliminated 6–2 by the eventual
Stanley Cup champions. The next season, Théodore began the season as the starter, with Varlamov able to challenge for the spot. After a hot start, just as it seemed he would supplant Theodore, Varlamov was injured. Varlamov was sent down to the Hershey Bears of the AHL by the Capitals on 29 December 2009, to begin his rehabilitation starts. Varlamov was later recalled from the Bears on 1 March 2010. Théodore remained the starter, but just as it was the year before, Varlamov made most of the playoff starts. Théodore was not retained after the season, seemingly making Varlamov the official starter. However, he eventually lost out to rookie
Michal Neuvirth, and Neuvirth was instead Théodore's successor. On 9 July 2010, it was announced that Varlamov changed his jersey number from the recognizable number 40 to number 1.
Colorado Avalanche On 1 July 2011, Varlamov was traded to the
Colorado Avalanche for a first-round draft pick in the
2012 NHL entry draft and a second-round pick in either 2012 or
2013. As a restricted free agent at the time of his trade, he was then signed to a three-year, $8.5 million contract with the Avalanche the following day, marking his projection as the Avalanche's starting goaltender. The start of the
2011–12 season proved successful for Varlamov and the Avalanche, but a disastrous November put the club back to the bottom of the
Northwest Division. Varlamov was often benched in favor of veteran backup
Jean-Sébastien Giguère, originally brought in by the Avalanche to mentor the young Russian. With Giguère's exemplary effort in net, Colorado climbed back within the race for bottom playoff spots in the
Western Conference. On 15 February 2012, Giguère pulled his groin in the first period against the
Vancouver Canucks. Varlamov replaced Giguère in a losing effort. He soon reaffirmed his position as starter, and kept his club in playoff contention. On 5 April 2012, the 81st game of the season, in a must-win situation for the Avalanche's playoff hopes, Varlamov made his career-high eighth consecutive start and let up four goals in a 5–2 loss against the last-placed
Columbus Blue Jackets at
Pepsi Center. Two of the goals came from Columbus captain
Rick Nash, the other two from rookie
Cam Atkinson, who notched his first career
hat-trick with an empty-net goal after Varlamov was pulled in favor of an extra skater at the end of the game. The loss ended Colorado's playoff bid. This game finished his season with a .913 save percentage and a 2.59 GAA with a 26–24–3 record. Despite his well-known contempt for the post-overtime tiebreaker, Varlamov went undefeated in the shootout in the 2011–12 season, winning all eight of his contests and allowing only two goals in 24 attempts. With the
2012–13 NHL lockout cancelling the start of the NHL season, Varlamov signed a lockout contract to return to his Russian club,
Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, on 27 September 2012. Used as one of three main goaltenders on the Lokomotiv roster, Varlamov impressed early in his debut
Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) season. Despite suffering a knee injury, Varlamov played in 16 games and led the KHL in GAA and save percentage before the conclusion of the NHL lockout called for his return to the Avalanche on 6 January 2013. Varlamov struggled during the lockout-shortened
2012–13 season, only posting 11 wins in 35 games played and ending the season with a career-worst 3.02 GAA and .903 save percentage as the Avalanche missed the playoffs again and finished last in the Western Conference. On 30 January 2014, Varlamov signed a five-year contract extension with the Avalanche worth $29.5 million. On 26 January 2017, it was announced that Varlamov would not return for the
2016–17 season after undergoing hip surgery for what was previously thought to be a groin injury. Varlamov returned for the
2017–18 season but was again injured near the end of the season, allowing for
Jonathan Bernier to start for the Avalanche during the
2018 Stanley Cup playoffs.
New York Islanders On 1 July 2019, Varlamov signed as a free agent to a four-year contract with the
New York Islanders worth $20 million. He became the first goaltender in Islanders history to record back to back shutouts in the playoffs, after shutting out his former team in the Washington Capitals in Game 5 of the First Round of the
2020 playoffs and then the
Philadelphia Flyers in Game 1 of the Second Round. On 26 August 2020, he surpassed
Billy Smith for the longest playoff shutout streak in Islanders history. On 6 February 2021, Varlamov played his 500th NHL game as the Islanders won 4–3 against the Pittsburgh Penguins. On 8 February, Varlamov became the first Islanders goaltender with consecutive shutouts in a season against the
New York Rangers. On 1 May, Varlamov broke
Chico Resch's record for the longest shutout streak in Islanders history, after shutting out the rival Rangers 3–0. On 1 July 2023, Varlamov signed a four-year, $11 million contract extension with the Islanders. ==Personal life==