(
Paleo-Balkan languages)
Late Bronze Age: Homeric Age of the Iliad (circa 1200 BC) ====
Hellenes==== area in as suggested by
Vladimir I. Georgiev •
Achaeans/
Argives/
Danaans (Danaoi)/
Hellenes/
Panhellenes (used as
synonym of
Greeks by
Homer in the
Iliad) (
Mycenaean Greece before
Late Bronze Age collapse and
Dorian Invasion) •
Central and Eastern Greek tribes (
Aeolians,
Achaeans and
Ionians) •
Achaeans (Broader sense) •
Central Greek tribes (
Aeolians and
Achaeans) •
Aeolians •
Acarnanians, Pre-Dorian Acarnanians •
Dulichiumians/
Doulicheis (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Taphians and
Teleboans - in the
Echinades Islands •
Taphians (
Táphioi) - in
Taphos Island and other
Echinades Islands •
Teleboans (
Tēlebóai) - Originally in the Mainland (in
Acarnania), after in
Taphos Island and other
Echinades Islands •
Cephallenians - Original dwellers of
Cephalonia/
Kefalonia,
Ithaca (homeland of
Odysseus),
Leucas/
Lefkada and
Zakynthos (Southern
Ionian Islands) (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Aenianes/Enienes - Pre-Dorian Aenianes of
Aenis •
Boeotians •
Aones (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Curetes or
Aetolians (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Dryopes - Pre-Dorian dwellers of
Doris •
Locrians - Pre-Dorian Locrians (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Phoceans - Pre-Dorian Phoceans (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Thessalians •
Lapiths (
Lapíthai) (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) (
Phlegyas was their mythical king) •
Myrmidons (
Myrmidónes) (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) (people of
Achilles in the
Iliad) •
Perrhaebi (
Perraiboí) (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Achaeans (Narrower sense) - Pre-Doric people of
Peloponnese Peninsula (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Arcadians (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Argives - Pre-Doric people of
Argos (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Epeans (
el) of
Elis (
Epeioí) - Pre-Doric people of Elis (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Lacedaemonians - Pre-Doric people of
Lacedaemonia, later doric
Sparta (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Mycenaeans - Pre-Doric
Myceneans,
Mycenae was their main settlement (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Symians (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Eastern Greek tribes (
Ionians) •
Ionians • Oldest tribes (
Phylai) •
Agikoreis •
Argadeis •
Geleontes •
Hopletes •
Attics •
Athenians (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Euboeans •
Abantes •
Salamineans (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships) •
Western Greek tribes (
Dorians and
Magnetes) •
Dorians • Oldest tribes (
Phylai) •
Dymanes (descendants from the legendary
eponymous hero
Dymas) •
Hylleis (descendants from the legendary
eponymous hero
Hyllus) •
Pamphylians (descendants from the legendary
eponym hero
Pamphylos) • Northwestern Doric Greek tribes •
Epirotes (
Epirotic Dorians?) •
Phaeacians - They lived in the island
Scheria (may have been an old name for the island of
Kerkyra/
Corfu before Corinthian colonization) (mentioned in the
Odyssey as a people that welcomed
Odysseus before his return to
Ithaca). •
Magnetes (mentioned in
Iliad's
Catalogue of Ships)
Iron Age: Archaic and Classical Greece (from circa 800 BC) Archaic and
Classical Greece after
Late Bronze Age collapse and
Dorian Invasion by pseudo-Hesiod (6th c. BC) ====
Hellenes==== •
Central and Eastern Greek tribes (
Aeolians,
Achaeans and
Ionians) •
Achaeans (Broader sense) - They lived in Eastern, East Central and Southern Greece (
Mycenean Greece) before
Dorian migrations or
Dorian invasions (after that most Achaeans were displaced or assimilated by Dorians in Southern Greece regions, except for
Arcadia). They spoke
Mycenean Greek that was the ancestor of
Aeolic,
Arcado-Cypriot and
Ionic Greek dialects of
Classical Greece. •
Central Greek tribes (
Aeolians and
Achaeans) •
Aeolians - They spoke
Aeolic Greek dialects (archaic dialects that preserved some
Mycenean Greek features). •
Boeotians - They lived in
Boeotia (
Aonia) •
Dryopes - They lived in
Dryopis, later known as
Doris (after driven out by the
Malians, a
Dorian tribe, many scattered to other Greek regions, mostly towards far southern of
Euboea Island). •
Thessalians - They lived in
Thessaly (
Thessalia/
Aeolia).
Mount Olympus is on the border between
Thessaly and
Macedon. •
Achaeans, Phtiothis - They lived in
Achaea Phthiotis. •
Dolopes? - They lived in
Dolopia (mostly considered a
Thessalian tribe) •
Histiaeoteans - They lived in
Histiaeotis,
Thessaly's Northwest district. •
Thessalians Proper - They lived in
Thessaliotis. •
Aeolian Diaspora •
Asia Minor Aeolians - They lived in
Aeolis, Northwestern
Anatolian coast. •
Lesbians - They lived in
Lesbos Island. •
Achaeans (Narrower sense) (Arcado-Cyprian tribes) - They spoke
Arcado-Cypriot Greek dialects (archaic dialects that preserved some
Mycenean Greek features). •
Arcadians - They lived in
Arcadia (Central
Peloponnese Peninsula) and were a pre-
Dorian invasion or
Dorian migration Greek tribal confederation. •
Azanes •
Triphylians - They were a group of three tribes (
Tri - Three,
Phylai -Tribes) that lived in Western
Peloponnese, in southern part of
Elis (south of
Alpheiós river) but saw themselves as
Arcadians and not
Eleans. •
Amphidolians •
Letrinians •
Marganians •
Achaean Diaspora •
Cypriots - They lived in
Cyprus Island •
Pamphylians - They lived in
Pamphylia (South-West
Anatolia). •
Eastern Greek tribes (
Ionians) •
Ionians - They spoke
Ionic Greek dialects (basis of the Greek
Koiné and its descendant
Modern Greek). • Oldest tribes (
Phylai) •
Agikoreis •
Argadeis •
Geleontes •
Hopletes •
Attics - They lived in
Attica (included
ancient Athenians) (
Marathon is in
Attica) •
Aiantis (named after
Ajax) (
Aeschylus was a member of this tribe) •
Aigeis (named after
Aegeus) •
Akamantis/
Acamantis (named after
Acamas) (
Pericles was a member of this tribe) •
Antiochis (named after Antiochus, son of
Heracles) (
Socrates was a member of this tribe) •
Erechtheis (named after
Erechtheus) (
Critias may also have been a member of this tribe) •
Hippothontis (named after
Hippothoon) •
Kekropis (named after
Cécrops) •
Leontis (named after
Leos, son of
Orpheus) (
Themistocles was a member of this tribe) •
Oineis (named after
Oeneus) •
Pandionis (named after
Pandion) •
Euboeans (West Ionians) - They lived in
Euboea Island. •
Abantes •
Euboean Diaspora •
Chalcidicians, Euboean - They lived in the Peninsula of
Chalcidicia (many were descendants from
Euboean colonies from the cities of
Chalcis and
Eretria). •
Catanians - They lived in
Catania,
Magna Graecia (many were descendants from a
Euboean colony from the city of
Chalcis). •
Cumaeans - They lived in
Cumae, that was founded by settlers from
Euboea island (from
Chalcis and
Eretria cities) in
Magna Graecia. It was one of the Greek colonies that most influenced ancient
Etruscan and
Roman cultures, namely by the introduction of the
Alphabet.
Cumae by itself was the
Metropolis of other
poleis in southern
Italy coast, including
Nea Polis (New City), today's
Naples (it was to the West and close of
Naples). •
Neapolitans - They lived in
Naples (many were descendants from Rhodean and Ionic colonies, the last ones were more numerous). •
Ionians, Cycladian (Central Ionians) - They lived in
Cyclades Islands.
Delos Island that had the important
Delos sanctuary was in this group of islands. •
Cycladian Diaspora •
Chalcidicians, Cycladian - They lived in the Peninsula of
Chalcidicia (many were descendants of a colony from
Andros island). •
Salamineans - in
Salamis/
Salamina Island •
Ionian Diaspora •
Asia Minor Ionians (East Ionians) - They lived in
Ionia, Western
Anatolian coast. •
Sirisians - They lived in
Siris in
Lucania/
Basilicata eastern coast (many were descendants of a colony from the city of
Colophon, in the Western
Anatolian coast). •
Western Greek tribes (
Dorians and
Macedonians) •
Dorians - They spoke
Doric Greek dialects (that were not descendants of
Mycenean Greek but from a common
Proto-Greek language). • Northwestern Doric Greek tribes - They spoke
North-West Doric Greek dialect •
Acarnanians, Northwestern Greek - They lived in
Acarnania (this region had two groups of Greeks: the native Northwestern Greek Acarnanians and the Dorians Proper Acarnanians, many of whom were descendants from Corinthian colonies). •
Achaean Dorians - Many were
Achaeans assimilated by
Dorians. They spoke a
Northwest Greek dialect but with a stronger
Achaean Greek substrate. They spoke
Achaean Doric Greek (not to be confused with Achaean Greek). •
Achaean Dorians of
Peloponnese - They lived in
Achaea (whose older name was
Aegialus/Aegialea and was dwelt by
Ionians) (North
Peloponnese Peninsula). •
Achaean Dorians Diaspora •
Crotoneans - They lived in
Crotone (Eastern
Calabria coast),
Magna Graecia (many were descendants from an
Achaean colony from the city of
Rhypes). •
Achaean Dorians of the Islands •
Doulicheis - Older dwellers of
Leucas/
Lefkada Island (before Corinthian colonization). •
Ithacians - They lived in
Ithaca Island (the land of the legendary
Odysseus, the main character of the
Odyssey and also one of the main ones in the
Iliad whose author is traditionally thought to be
Homer). •
Kefalloneis - They lived in
Kephalonia Island. •
Zakynthians - They lived in
Zakynthos Island. •
Aenianians - They lived in
Aeniania/
Ainis. •
Aetolians (Aetoloi)/
Curetes - They lived in
Aetolia. •
Aetolian Mountain tribes (Southern
Pindus Mountains) •
Agraeis •
Aperantoi •
Apodotoi •
Eurytanians (
Eurytanes) - They lived in
Eurytania/
Evrytania. •
Ophioneis •
Dolopes? - They lived in
Dolopia. (sometimes considered an
Aetolian tribe) •
Amphilochians - They lived in
Amphilochia. •
Eleans - They lived in
Elis (West
Peloponnese Peninsula).
Olympia, where the
Ancient Olympic Games were held, was in Elis. •
Epirotes (Epirotic Dorians) - They lived in
Epirus. •
Amantes (?) (there is ongoing debate on if the tribe was Epirote Greek or
Illyrian.) •
Atintanes (?) (there is ongoing debate on if the tribe was Epirote Greek or
Illyrian.) •
Chaonians - They lived in
Chaonia. • Subtribes or Clans:
Dexaroi •
Molossians - A tribal confederation. They lived in
Molossis/
Molossia. •
Apheidantes - They were named after king
Apheidas. •
Arktanoi •
Athamanians (or Athamanes) - They lived in
Athamania •
Dodonaioi or
Selloi -
Dodona sanctuary and
oracle was in their land. •
Orestaes - They lived in
Orestis. •
Parauaei/
Paroraioi - They lived in
Parauaea, Northern
Pindus Mountains. •
Paroraioi (Paroraei) - They lived in the western slopes of
Mount Tymphe, Northern
Pindus Mountains. •
Pelagones Kestrinoi;
Klauthrioi;
Kropioi;
Larissaeoi;
Onopernoi;
Opatoi;
Parauaioi;
Tiaeoi;
Torydaeoi. •
Locrians - They lived in
Locris. •
Malians - They lived in
Malia/Malis.
Thermopylae was in their land. •
Oetaeans - They lived in
Oetaea, included
Mount Oeta. •
Phoceans - They lived in
Phocis.
Delphi sanctuary and oracle was in their land (on the southern slopes of
Mount Parnassus). •
Dorians Proper They spoke
Doric Greek dialects. • Oldest tribes (
Phylai) •
Dymanes (descendants from the legendary
eponym hero
Dymas) •
Hylleis (descendants from the legendary
eponym hero from
Hyllus) •
Pamphylians (descendants from the legendary
eponym hero from
Pamphylus) •
Argives - They lived in
Argolis (East
Peloponnese Peninsula). •
Corinthians - They lived in
Corinthia (
Isthmus of Corinth and North-East
Peloponnese Peninsula). Many
Greek colonies were of Corinthian origin (i.e.
Corinth was the
Metropolis - Mother City, the origin of many Greek colonies). •
Corinthian Diaspora •
Acarnanians, Dorians Proper - They lived in
Acarnania (this region had two groups of Greeks: the native Northwestern Greek Acarnanians and the Dorians Proper Acarnanians, many of whom were descendants from Corinthian colonies). •
Ambracians - Descendants of a
Corinthian colony. They lived in
Ambracia. •
Kerkyreans/
Corcyraeans - Descendants of a
Corinthian colony. They lived in
Kerkyra/
Corfu (
Corcyra). (
Phaeacians may have been the original inhabitants and called their island
Scheria). •
Leucadians - Descendants of a
Corinthian colony. They lived in
Leucas (
Lefkada) Island. •
Syracusans - They lived in
Syracuse in South-East
Sicily Island,
Magna Graecia (many were descendants from a
Corinthian colony). •
Cretans - They lived in
Crete Island. •
Cythereans - They lived in
Cythera (
Kythera/
Kythira) Island, south of
Peloponnese Peninsula. • Dorians (of
Doris) - They lived in
Doris (Upper
Cephissus river valley). They were viewed as a people close to the land were Dorians originated - roughly south
Epirus and
Aetolia in Northwest Greece (when they migrated towards south). •
Laconians - They lived in
Laconia (South
Peloponnese Peninsula). •
Spartans-Lacedaemonians - They lived in
Sparta/
Lacedaemon a part of
Laconia (South
Peloponnese Peninsula). •
Spartan Diaspora •
Tarantinoi - They lived in
Taranto,
Magna Graecia (many were descendants from a
Spartan colony). •
Megareans - They lived in
Megaris. •
Messenians - They lived in
Messenia (South-West
Peloponnese Peninsula). •
Thereans - They lived in
Thera/
Thira Island (
Santorini). •
Therean Diaspora •
Cyreneans - Descendants from a
Thera Island colony. They lived in
Cyrene,
Cyrenaica (Eastern
Libya). •
Dorian Diaspora •
Doric Hexapolis •
Cnideans - They lived in
Cnidus. •
Coans - They lived in
Kos Island. •
Halicarnasseans - They lived in
Halicarnassus. •
Rhodians - They lived in
Rhodes Island. •
Camirians - They lived in
Camirus. •
Ialysians - They lived in
Ialysos. •
Lindians - They lived in
Lindus. •
Macedonians (Makedones)-
Magnetes •
Macedonians (
Makedónes) - They lived in Ancient Macedonia and
may have spoken a version of the Doric dialect. •
Argeads - According to their oral tradition their tribe originally came from
Argos, in
Argolis, Eastern
Peloponnese Peninsula (
Argeads =
Argives) (origin of the Macedonian ruling dynasty - The
Argeads -
House of Argos). •
Elimiotai - They lived in
Elimiotis/
Elimeia. •
Eordeans - They lived in
Eordaia. •
Lyncestai - They lived in
Lynkestis. •
Magnetes - They lived in
Magnesia (most of
Thessaly's coastal region). They were seen by ancient Greeks as a people that shared a common ancestor with the
Macedonians. •
Philistines – They appear to have originated from a Greek immigrant group from the Aegean; as suggested by DNA evidence. •
Sea Peoples – Several of them appear to have been Aegean tribes, while others may have originated in Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Western Anatolia. ==Pre-Greek and non-Greek tribes (later Hellenized)==