was ordered under the provisional name as a replacement for the
ironclad . The ship was built at the
Imperial Dockyard in
Kiel under construction number 28. Her
keel was
laid down on 1 August 1902 and she was
launched on 27 June 1903. At her launching ceremony, Field Marshal
Alfred von Waldersee christened the ship after Field Marshal
Albrecht von Roon.
Fitting-out work then commenced, which included provisions for the cruiser to be used as a
flagship, and was
commissioned into the
German fleet on 5 April 1906. Her first commander was (
KzS—Captain at Sea)
Fritz Hoffmann. The ship then began
sea trials that lasted until 9 July; she joined
I Scouting Group on 15 August, where she replaced the armored cruiser as the flagship of the deputy commander,
KzS and (Commodore)
Raimund Winkler. then participated in the annual fleet maneuvers held in late August and early September. Later that month, Hoffmann was replaced by (
FK—Frigate Captain)
Oskar von Platen-Hallermund, who commanded the vessel for just a month before he was in turn relieved by
KzS Karl Zimmermann. At the same time as Hoffmann's departure, Winkler also left his post, being replaced by
KzS and
Eugen Kalau vom Hofe, who transferred his flag to in October. She spent the following years participating in training exercises and cruises with the ships of I Scouting Group as well as the entire
High Seas Fleet. This routine was interrupted in early 1907 when the ship was sent to the United States to participate in the
Jamestown Exposition, which commemorated the 300th anniversary of the arrival of colonists in
Chesapeake Bay. Kalau von Hofe returned to to lead the German delegation, which also included the
light cruiser ; the two cruisers left Kiel on 8 April and crossed the Atlantic to
Hampton Roads,
Virginia, arriving on 24 April. Two days later, the international fleet, which also included contingents from Great Britain,
Japan,
Austria-Hungary, France,
Italy, and several other nations, held a naval review as part of the exposition. Following the ceremonies, was detached to remain on station in the Americas while returned to Germany, arriving back in Kiel on 17 May. On her return, Kalau von Hofe shifted back to . From 11 September to 28 October, briefly resumed her role as deputy flagship; was at that time serving as the group flagship while s
sister was being overhauled. Also in October,
FK Friedrich Schrader took command of the ship. The ship went on a major cruise into the Atlantic Ocean from 7 to 28 February 1908 with the other ships of the scouting group. During the cruise, the ships conducted tactical exercises and experimented with using their
wireless telegraphy equipment at long distances. They stopped in
Vigo, Spain, to replenish their coal for the voyage home. On 5 March, returned to flagship duty, with now (
KAdm—Rear Admiral) Kalau von Hofe back aboard the ship. Another Atlantic cruise followed in July and August; this time, the cruise was made in company with the battleship squadrons of the High Seas Fleet.
Prince Heinrich, the fleet commander, had pressed for such a cruise the previous year, arguing that it would prepare the fleet for overseas operations and would break up the monotony of training in German waters, though tensions with Britain over the developing
Anglo-German naval arms race were high. The fleet departed Kiel on 17 July, passed through the
Kaiser Wilhelm Canal to the North Sea, and continued to the Atlantic. The fleet returned to Germany on 13 August. The autumn maneuvers followed from 27 August to 12 September. On 23 September,
KAdm Jacobsen replaced Kalau von Hofe, and the following month
FK Georg Scheidt took command of . The year 1909 saw two more cruises in the Atlantic, the first in February with just the ships of I Scouting Group and the second in July and August with the rest of the fleet. On the way back to Germany, the fleet stopped in
Spithead, Britain, where it was received by the
Royal Navy.
KzS Reinhard Koch relieved Jacobsen as the group deputy commander after the annual fleet maneuvers in September 1909 but on 1 October he transferred his flag to . The next two years passed uneventfully for ; apart from the typical training routine, she took part in a
naval review for
Kaiser Wilhelm II in September 1911, after which she was decommissioned on 22 September.
World War I Following the outbreak of
World War I in July 1914, was
mobilized for wartime service on 2 August and was initially assigned to
II Scouting Group as the flagship of
KAdm Gisberth Jasper. The ship's first wartime commander was
KzS Johannes von Karpf. A series of reorganizations saw the ship transferred to
IV Scouting Group to replace the armored cruiser and on 25 August IV Scouting Group was renamed III Scouting Group, remaining as flagship.
KAdm Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz replaced Jasper as the group commander. The following day, and the rest of the group took part in a sortie into the eastern
Baltic Sea in a failed attempt to rescue the light cruiser that had run aground in Russian territory. The operation was cancelled on 27 August when Rebeur-Paschwitz received word that had been scuttled to avoid capture by Russian forces. The group was stationed in the North Sea from 6 September to guard the German coast, interrupted by a short deployment to the
Danish straits from 25 to 26 September after false reports of British warships attempting to pass through prompted the German command to send the cruisers on a patrol there. During their period in the North Sea, the cruisers were sent to escort the
minelaying cruisers and and the auxiliary minelayer as they laid the "Alpha" defensive minefield in the North Sea. The ships then escorted the main body of the High Seas Fleet during the
raid on Yarmouth on 2–3 November. A month later, on 15–16 December, she participated in the
bombardment of Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby. Along with the armored cruiser , was assigned to the
van of the High Seas Fleet, which was providing distant cover to Rear Admiral
Franz von Hipper's battlecruisers while they were conducting the bombardment. During the operation, and her attached
destroyers encountered the British screening forces; came in contact with the destroyers and , but no gunfire was exchanged and the ships turned away. Following reports of British destroyers from as well as from , Admiral
Friedrich von Ingenohl ordered the High Seas Fleet to disengage and head for Germany. At this point, and her destroyers became the rearguard for the High Seas Fleet. , by this time joined by the light cruisers and , encountered Commander
Loftus Jones' destroyers. Jones shadowed for about 45 minutes, at which point and were detached to sink their pursuers. Twenty minutes later, signaled the two light cruisers and ordered them to abandon the pursuit and retreat along with the rest of the High Seas Fleet. In the meantime, Vice Admiral
David Beatty received word of s location, and in an attempt to intercept the German cruisers, detached the battlecruiser to hunt the German ships down, while his other three battlecruisers followed from a distance. While still pursuing the retreating Germans, Beatty had become aware that the German battlecruisers were shelling Hartlepool, so he decided to break off the pursuit of and turn towards the German battlecruisers.
Operations in the Baltic The German naval command decided that because and the other armored cruisers of III Scouting Group were slow and lacked thick enough armor, they were unsuitable for service in the North Sea where they would risk contact with the powerful British
Grand Fleet. Therefore, on 15 April 1915, and the rest of III Scouting Group were transferred to the Baltic, where they would face the significantly weaker Russian
Baltic Fleet. The unit was dissolved and and the other vessels were assigned to the Reconnaissance Forces of the Baltic, under the command of
KAdm Albert Hopman. At the same time,
FK Hans Gygas replaced Karpf, who in turn became the deputy commander of the unit and made his flagship. On 30 April, the ship went into drydock in Kiel for an overhaul, returning to service for the attack on
Libau on 7 May. On 11 May, the British submarine spotted and several other ships en route to Libau, which had been recently captured by the German army.
E9 fired five torpedoes at the German flotilla, all of which missed; two passed closely astern of . thereafter took part in a series of sorties into the central Baltic as far north as
Gotska Sandön on 13–16 May, 23–26 May, 2–6 June, 11–13 June, and 20–22 June. Karpf transferred to the light cruiser while Hopman relocated to since the latter's flagship, the armored cruiser , was under repairs for a torpedo hit. and covered a minelaying operation with on 30 June that lasted through 2 July and resulted in the
Battle of Åland Islands. The light cruiser and three destroyers were escorting when they were attacked by the armored cruisers , , and the protected cruisers and . escaped while the destroyers covered the retreat of , which was severely damaged and forced to seek refuge in neutral Swedish waters. joined to relieve the beleaguered German destroyers. Upon arriving at the scene, engaged , and opened fire on . Shortly thereafter, the Russian cruiser , along with a destroyer, arrived to reinforce the Russian flotilla. In the following artillery duel, was hit several times, and the German ships were forced to retreat. Later in July, as the German Army began to push further north from Libau, the naval command reinforced the naval forces in the Baltic to support the advance. The
pre-dreadnought battleships of
IV Battle Squadron were transferred to the eastern Baltic and its commander, (Vice Admiral)
Ehrhard Schmidt, was placed in command of the naval forces in the area. In August, the German fleet attempted to clear the
Gulf of Riga of Russian naval forces to aid the German Army advancing on the city. Elements of the High Seas Fleet were sent to strengthen the forces attempting to break into the gulf. The Germans made several attempts to force their way into the gulf during the
Battle of the Gulf of Riga until reports of British submarines in the area prompted the Germans to call off the operation on 20 August. During these attacks, remained outside the gulf and on 10 August, and shelled Russian positions at Zerel on the
Sworbe Peninsula. There were several Russian destroyers anchored off Zerel; the German cruisers caught them by surprise and damaged one of them. On 9 September, Hopman returned to , allowing to return to Kiel for an overhaul. Work was completed by mid-October and the ship returned to Libau on 18 October. Two days later, Hopman made her his flagship once again. The loss of three days later to a British submarine convinced the German command that the threat of underwater weapons was too serious to continue to operate older vessels with insufficient protection, including . Accordingly, on 15 January 1916, Hopman hauled down his flag, and two days later the ship left Libau to return to Kiel, where she was decommissioned on 4 February.
Fate In November 1916, was disarmed and converted into a
training and
accommodation ship. Stationed at Kiel, she served in this capacity until 1918. The German Navy had previously experimented with
seaplane carriers, including the conversion of the old light cruiser early in 1918 for service with the fleet. could carry only two aircraft, which was deemed insufficient for fleet support. As a result, plans were drawn up to convert into a seaplane carrier, with a capacity for four aircraft. The ship's main battery would have been removed and replaced with six 15 cm guns and six 8.8 cm anti-aircraft guns; the large hangar for the seaplanes was to have been installed aft of the main superstructure. The plan did not come to fruition, primarily because the German Navy relied on
zeppelins for aerial reconnaissance, not seaplanes. was struck from the
naval register on 25 November 1920 and
scrapped the following year in Kiel-Nordmole. == Notes ==