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Soviet destroyer Silny

Silny was one of 18 Storozhevoy-class destroyers built for the Soviet Navy during the late 1930s. Although she began construction as a Project 7 Gnevny-class destroyer, Silny was completed in 1940 to the modified Project 7U design.

Design and description
Originally built as a Gnevny-class ship, Silny and her sister ships were completed to the modified Project 7U design after Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, ordered that the latter be built with their boilers arranged en echelon, instead of linked as in the Gnevnys, so that a ship could still move with one or two boilers disabled. Like the Gnevnys, the Project 7U destroyers had an overall length of and a beam of , but they had a reduced draft of at deep load. The ships were slightly overweight, displacing at standard load and at deep load. The crew complement of the Storozhevoy class numbered 207 in peacetime, but this increased to 271 in wartime, as more personnel were needed to operate additional equipment. Each ship had a pair of geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller, rated to produce using steam from four water-tube boilers, which the designers expected would exceed the speed of the Project 7s because there was additional steam available. Some fell short of it, although specific figures for most individual ships have not survived. Variations in fuel oil capacity meant that the range of the Project 7Us varied between at , that upper figure demonstrated by Storozhevoy. The Project 7U-class ships mounted four B-13 guns in two pairs of superfiring single mounts fore and aft of the superstructure. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by a pair of 34-K AA guns in single mounts and three 21-K AA guns, as well as four DK or DShK machine guns. They carried six torpedo tubes in two rotating triple mounts amidships. The ships could also carry a maximum of 58 to 96 mines and 30 depth charges. They were fitted with a set of Mars hydrophones for anti-submarine work, although these were useless at speeds over . Modifications During repairs in July and August 1941, Silny received a pair of 70-K AA guns. by the end of the war, she had been fitted with a Type 284 fire-control radar. After the war, all of her AA guns were replaced by eight water-cooled V-11M versions of the 70-K gun in twin mounts. == Construction and World War II ==
Construction and World War II
Silny was laid down in Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov) in Leningrad with the yard number 520 on 26 October 1936 as a Gnevny-class destroyer. She was relaid down as a Project 7U destroyer on 31 January 1938, and launched on 1 November 1938. Accepted by a state commission on 31 October 1940, Silny officially joined the Baltic Fleet Light Forces Detachment on 12 April 1941 when the naval jack of the Soviet Union was raised aboard her. On the morning of 6 July, Silny, Serdity, the old destroyer , and the Uragan-class guard ships Tucha and Sneg departed for minelaying operations in the Irbe Strait; Silny carried 70 mines on her deck. Upon reaching the entrance to the strait at 12:29, German ships, reported as torpedo boats and an auxiliary cruiser, were spotted and both Type 7Us moved to attack, with Serdity leading. Although their gunners reported explosions on the German ships, which were actually the minesweeping support ship Minenräumschiff-11 (the former Osnabrück) and an attached minesweeper, Silnys captain ordered the dropping of the mines stored on her deck due to the danger of explosion. This latter was not completely fulfilled as at 13:19 she received a hit on her stern that killed four and wounded seven sailors, damaging one 130 mm gun. A splinter also set fire to a mine, which was thrown overboard by three nearby wounded sailors who received the Order of the Red Banner for their action a week later. The hit caused Silny to reverse course behind a smoke screen, and Serdity did likewise two minutes later. In July, Silny made several more sorties to Moonsund and the Gulf of Riga, but had her screw damaged by grounding or contact with a shipwreck near shoals in Moonsund. She was sent to Kronstadt for repairs, leaving the dock on 23 August. Two days later, she bombarded Finnish positions on the coast of Vyborg Bay alongside Stoyky, expending more than 500 shells from her main guns over the next three days. The destroyer laid minefields in the Gulf of Finland during early September, setting 196 mines and 130 mine protectors in five sorties, before moving to Oranienbaum on 15 September to conduct shore bombardments of advancing German troops with the assistance of a fire correction post. There, Silny fired five hundred 130 mm shells until 20 September, when increased shelling and air raids on the exposed harbor of Oranienbaum forced her to withdraw to Kronstadt. Damaged by shelling on 20, 24 April and 14 May 1942, she was quickly repaired, downing a German aircraft with fire from a 37 mm gun on 24 April. From late 1942 to 1943, her only combat firing occurred on 1 June 1943 with the expenditure of eighteen 130 mm shells on Axis positions. She conducted shore bombardments in support of the Krasnoye Selo–Ropsha Offensive in January 1944, firing either 146 or about 400 main-gun shells. Assisted by forward observers, the destroyer fired her last forty-four 130 mm shells of the war from Kronstadt in a 10 June bombardment of Finnish positions on the Karelian Isthmus during the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive. From November to the end of the war, Silny was refitted at the Baltic Shipyard. == Postwar ==
Postwar
After the end of the war, Silny continued to serve with the Baltic Fleet, becoming part of the 4th Fleet between 25 February 1946 and 4 January 1956 when the latter was split. She underwent a major refit and modernization at Shipyard No. 890 in Tallinn, Estonia, between 19 November 1948 and 10 December 1954. The destroyer was removed from the combat fleet and reclassified as target ship TsL-43 on 20 February 1959. After being removed from the Soviet Navy on 21 January 1960, the former destroyer was transferred for scrapping at Paljassaare in Tallinn on 27 March when her crew was disbanded. ==Notes==
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