Jo Daviess County, Illinois

Jo Daviess County was formed in 1827 out of Henry and Putnam counties. It is named for Maj. Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, United States Attorney for Kentucky, who was killed in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe. The local pronunciation is "Davis". Jo Daviess County was founded exclusively by immigrants from New England. These were old stock "Yankee" immigrants, meaning they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England in the 1600s. The completion of the Erie Canal caused a surge in New England immigration to what was then the Northwest Territory. The end of the Black Hawk War led to an additional surge of immigration, once again coming almost exclusively from the six New England states as a result of overpopulation combined with land shortages in that region. Some of these later settlers were from upstate New York and had parents who had moved to that region from New England shortly after the Revolutionary War. New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York were the vast majority of Jo Daviess County's inhabitants during the first several decades of its history. These settlers were primarily members of the Congregational Church though due to the Second Great Awakening many of them had converted to Methodism and some had become Baptists before coming to what is now Jo Daviess County. The Congregational Church subsequently went through many divisions and some factions, including those in Jo Daviess County that affiliated with the Church of Christ and the United Church of Christ. As a result of this heritage the vast majority of inhabitants in Jo Daviess County, much like antebellum New England were overwhelmingly in favor of the abolitionist movement during the decades leading up to the Civil War. In the late 1880s and early 1890s Irish and German migrants began moving into Jo Daviess County, most of these later immigrants did not move directly from Ireland and Germany, but rather from other areas in the Midwest where they had been living, particularly the state of Ohio. County border changes • 1830The northern border of Illinois and Wisconsin was formally established. Until that time, several Wisconsin towns actually were under the jurisdiction of Jo Daviess County. • 1831Rock Island County was formed from a part of the county, along with a new northern extension of Henry County and Putnam County. • 1836Whiteside, Ogle, and Winnebago counties were formed from the southern and eastern sections of the county. • 1837Stephenson County was formed from the eastern section of the county. • 1839Carroll County was formed from the southern section of the county. File:Jo Daviess County Illinois 1827.png|Jo Daviess County at the time of its creation to 1831 (Wisconsin border adjustment not shown) File:Jo Daviess County Illinois 1831.png|Jo Daviess between 1831 and 1836 File:Jo Daviess County Illinois 1836.png|Jo Daviess between 1836 and 1837. Whiteside and Ogle counties remained temporarily attached to Jo Daviess until county governments could be organized. File:Jo Daviess County Illinois 1837.png|Jo Daviess between 1837 and 1839 File:Jo Daviess Counry Illinois 1839.png|Jo Daviess reduced to its current size in 1839 by the creation of Carroll County and the organization of a government in Whiteside County ==Geography==

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (2.9%) is water.}} In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Galena have ranged from a low of in January to a high of in July, although a record low of was recorded in February 1996 and a record high of was recorded in August 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from in January to in June. In eastern Jo Daviess County US 20 is one of the few areas that remain two-lane across the entire stretch of US 20. The road between Dubuque and Stockton was once known as the most dangerous stretch of road because of the hills and curves flanked by cliffs and valleys. Travelers were greeted with signs reminding them to drive carefully as they entered this stretch of road. • U.S. Route 20 • Illinois Route 35 • Illinois Route 78 • Illinois Route 84 Adjacent counties • Lafayette County, Wisconsin - north • Stephenson County - east • Carroll County - south • Jackson County, Iowa - southwest • Dubuque County, Iowa - west • Grant County, Wisconsin - northwest National protected area • Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge (part) State protected area • Apple River Canyon State Park Locally protected area Several areas are protected by the charitable organization Jo Daviess Conservation Foundation: • Buehler Preserve • Casper Bluff Land & Water Reserve • Horseshoe Mound • Schurmeier Teaching Forest • Valley of Eden Bird Sanctuary • Wapello Land & Water Reserve ==Demographics==

2020 census As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 22,035. The median age was 50.1 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 28.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 100.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 98.5 males age 18 and over. The racial makeup of the county was 93.4% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 1.5% from some other race, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 3.9% of the population. There were 9,827 households in the county, of which 22.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 51.3% were married-couple households, 18.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 23.5% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The population density was . There were 13,574 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 97.2% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.9% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.7% of the population. Of the 9,753 households, 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 7% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.2% were non-families, and 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.81. The median age was 47.1 years. ==Communities==

Cities • East Dubuque 1505 • Galena (county seat) 3308 • Stockton 1728 Villages • Apple River • Elizabeth • Hanover • Menominee • Nora • Scales Mound • Warren Census-designated places • Apple Canyon Lake • The Galena Territory (the county seat) viewed from the U.S. Grant Home Townships Jo Daviess County is divided into twenty-three townships: • Apple River • Berreman • Council Hill • Derinda • Dunleith • East Galena • Elizabeth • Guilford • Hanover • Menominee • Nora • Pleasant Valley • Rawlins • Rice • Rush • Scales Mound • Stockton • Thompson • Vinegar Hill • Wards Grove • Warren • West Galena • Woodbine Unincorporated communities • Aiken • Blanding • Bremen • Council Hill • Elmoville • Guilford • Massbach • Morseville • Pleasant Valley • Rice • Rodden • Schapville • Whitton • Willow • Woodbine Historic site • Apple River Fort ==Government and politics==

Jo Daviess County has a fairly typical Yankee Northern Illinois political history, although it has generally voted more Democratic than nearby rural counties. It voted Democratic only four times between 1856 and 1992: for Grover Cleveland in 1892, Woodrow Wilson in 1912, Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. Between 1996 and 2016 Jo Daviess was a swing county, voting for the national winner each time. ==Education==

School districts (all K-12) are: • East Dubuque Community Unit School District 119 • Galena Unit School District 120 • River Ridge Community Unit School District 210 • Scales Mound Community Unit School District 211 • Stockton Community Unit School District 206 • Warren Community Unit School District 205 ==See also==