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Succinct game

In algorithmic game theory, a succinct game or a succinctly representable game is a game which may be represented in a size much smaller than its normal form representation. Without placing constraints on player utilities, describing a game of players, each facing strategies, requires listing utility values. Even trivial algorithms are capable of finding a Nash equilibrium in a time polynomial in the length of such a large input. A succinct game is of polynomial type if in a game represented by a string of length n the number of players, as well as the number of strategies of each player, is bounded by a polynomial in n.

Types of succinct games
Graphical games Graphical games are games in which the utilities of each player depends on the actions of very few other players. If d is the greatest number of players by whose actions any single player is affected (that is, it is the indegree of the game graph), the number of utility values needed to describe the game is ns^{d+1}, which, for a small d is a considerable improvement. It has been shown that any normal form game is reducible to a graphical game with all degrees bounded by three and with two strategies for each player. Finding a correlated equilibrium of a polymatrix game can be done in polynomial time. Same as two-player zero-sum games, polymatrix zero-sum games have mixed Nash equilibria that can be computed in polynomial time and those equilibria coincide with correlated equilibria. But some other properties of two-player zero-sum games do not generalize. Notably, players need not have a unique value of the game and equilibrium strategies are not max-min strategies in a sense that worst-case payoffs of players are not maximized when using an equilibrium strategy. There exists an open source Python library for simulating competitive polymatrix games. Polymatrix games which have coordination games on their edges are potential games and can be solved using a potential function method. Circuit games The most flexible of way of representing a succinct game is by representing each player by a polynomial-time bounded Turing machine, which takes as its input the actions of all players and outputs the player's utility. Such a Turing machine is equivalent to a Boolean circuit, and it is this representation, known as circuit games, that we will consider. Computing the value of a 2-player zero-sum circuit game is an EXP-complete problem, and approximating the value of such a game up to a multiplicative factor is known to be in PSPACE. Determining whether a pure Nash equilibrium exists is a \Sigma_2^{\rm P}-complete problem (see Polynomial hierarchy). Other representations Many other types of succinct game exist (many having to do with allocation of resources). Examples include congestion games, network congestion games, scheduling games, local effect games, facility location games, action-graph games, hypergraphical games and more. ==Summary of complexities of finding equilibria==
Summary of complexities of finding equilibria
Below is a table of some known complexity results for finding certain classes of equilibria in several game representations. "NE" stands for "Nash equilibrium", and "CE" for "correlated equilibrium". n is the number of players and s is the number of strategies each player faces (we're assuming all players face the same number of strategies). In graphical games, d is the maximum indegree of the game graph. For references, see main article text. ==Notes==
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