38th United States Congress

• American Civil War, which had started in 1861, continued through this Congress and ended later in 1865 • January 8, 1863: Ground broken in Sacramento, California, on the construction of the First transcontinental railroad in the United States • November 19, 1863: Gettysburg Address • November 8, 1864: President Abraham Lincoln is reelected, defeating George McClellan. ==Major legislation==

• April 22, 1864: Coinage Act of 1864, Sess. 1, ch. 66, • June 25, 1864: Washington County Public Schools Act ("An Act to provide for the Public Instruction of Youth in the County of Washington, District of Columbia, and for other Purposes"), Sess. 1, ch. 156, • June 30, 1864: Yosemite Valley Grant Act, Sess. 1, • March 3, 1865: Freedmen's Bureau, Sess. 2, ch. 90, Major bills not enacted • Wade–Davis Bill passed both houses July 2, 1864, but pocket vetoed == Constitutional amendments ==

• January 31, 1865: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution abolishing slavery in the United States and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification • Amendment was later ratified on December 6, 1865, becoming the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ==Treaties ratified==

• February 9, 1865: Chippewa Indians, ==States admitted and territories organized==

States • June 19, 1863: West Virginia admitted (formed from a portion of Virginia), (see also ) • October 31, 1864: Nevada admitted, (see also ) Territories • May 26, 1864: Montana Territory organized, Sess. 1, ch. 95, ==States in rebellion==

The Confederacy fielded armies and sustained the rebellion into a second Congress, but the Union did not accept secession and secessionists were not eligible for Congress. Elections held in Missouri and Kentucky seated all members to the House and Senate for the 38th Congress. Elections held among Unionists in Virginia, Tennessee and Louisiana were marred by disruption resulting in turnouts that were so low compared with 1860, that Congress did not reseat the candidates with a majority of the votes cast. • In rebellion 1862–64 according to the Emancipation Proclamation were Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (parts), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia (parts). Tennessee was not held to be in rebellion as of the end of 1862. ==Party summary==

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. Senate During this Congress, two seats were added for each of the new states of Nevada and West Virginia, thereby adding four new seats. House of Representatives Before this Congress, the 1860 United States census and resulting reapportionment changed the size of the House to 241 members. During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nevada, and three seats were reapportioned from Virginia to the new state of West Virginia. ==Leadership==

Senate • President: Hannibal Hamlin (R) • President pro tempore: Solomon Foot (R), until April 13, 1864 • Daniel Clark (R), elected April 26, 1864 Majority (Republican) leadership • Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony House of Representatives • Speaker: Schuyler Colfax (R) Majority (Republican) leadership • Republican Conference Chairman: Justin S. Morrill • Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means: Thaddeus Stevens (R) ==Members==

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. :Skip to House of Representatives, below Senate Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1866. ==== Alabama ==== : 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant ==== Arkansas ==== : 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant ==== California ==== : 1. John Conness (R) : 3. James A. McDougall (D) ==== Connecticut ==== : 1. James Dixon (R) : 3. Lafayette S. Foster (R) ==== Delaware ==== : 1. James A. Bayard Jr. (D), until January 29, 1864 :: George Read Riddle (D), from February 2, 1864 : 2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D) ==== Florida ==== : 1. Vacant : 3. Vacant ==== Georgia ==== : 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant ==== Illinois ==== : 2. William A. Richardson (D) : 3. Lyman Trumbull (R) ==== Indiana ==== : 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D) : 3. Henry S. Lane (R) ==== Iowa ==== : 2. James W. Grimes (R) : 3. James Harlan (R) ==== Kansas ==== : 2. Jim Lane (R) : 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) ==== Kentucky ==== : 2. Lazarus W. Powell (D) : 3. Garrett Davis (U) ==== Louisiana ==== : 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant ==== Maine ==== : 1. Lot M. Morrill (R) : 2. William P. Fessenden (R), until July 1, 1864 :: Nathan A. Farwell (R), from October 27, 1864 ==== Maryland ==== : 1. Reverdy Johnson (U) : 3. Thomas H. Hicks (UU), until February 14, 1865 ==== Massachusetts ==== : 1. Charles Sumner (R) : 2. Henry Wilson (R) ==== Michigan ==== : 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) : 2. Jacob M. Howard (R) ==== Minnesota ==== : 1. Alexander Ramsey (R) : 2. Morton S. Wilkinson (R) ==== Mississippi ==== : 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant ==== Missouri ==== : 1. John B. Henderson (UU) : 3. Robert Wilson (UU), until November 13, 1863 :: B. Gratz Brown (UU), from November 13, 1863 ==== Nevada ==== : 1. William M. Stewart (R), from February 1, 1865 (newly admitted state) : 3. James W. Nye (R), from February 1, 1865 (newly admitted state) ==== New Hampshire ==== : 2. John P. Hale (R) : 3. Daniel Clark (R) ==== New Jersey ==== : 1. William Wright (D) : 2. John C. Ten Eyck (R) ==== New York ==== : 1. Edwin D. Morgan (R) : 3. Ira Harris (R) ==== North Carolina ==== : 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant ==== Ohio ==== : 1. Benjamin Wade (R) : 3. John Sherman (R) ==== Oregon ==== : 2. Benjamin F. Harding (D) : 3. James W. Nesmith (D) ==== Pennsylvania ==== : 1. Charles R. Buckalew (D) : 3. Edgar Cowan (R) ==== Rhode Island ==== : 1. William Sprague IV (R) : 2. Henry B. Anthony (R) ==== South Carolina ==== : 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant ==== Tennessee ==== : 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant ==== Texas ==== : 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant ==== Vermont ==== : 1. Solomon Foot (R) : 3. Jacob Collamer (R) ==== Virginia ==== : 1. Lemuel J. Bowden (U), died January 2, 1864, vacant thereafter : 2. John S. Carlile (U) ==== West Virginia ==== : 1. Peter G. Van Winkle (UU), from August 4, 1863 (newly admitted state) : 2. Waitman T. Willey (UU), from August 4, 1863 (newly admitted state) ==== Wisconsin ==== : 1. James R. Doolittle (R) : 3. Timothy O. Howe (R) House of Representatives ==== Alabama ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== Arkansas ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== California ==== All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Cornelius Cole (R) : . William Higby (R) : . Thomas B. Shannon (R) ==== Connecticut ==== : . Henry C. Deming (R) : . James E. English (D) : . Augustus Brandegee (R) : . John H. Hubbard (R) ==== Delaware ==== : . William Temple (D), until May 28, 1863 :: Nathaniel B. Smithers (UU), from December 7, 1863 ==== Florida ==== : . Vacant ==== Georgia ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== Illinois ==== : . Isaac N. Arnold (R) : . John F. Farnsworth (R) : . Elihu B. Washburne (R) : . Charles M. Harris (D) : . Owen Lovejoy (R), until March 25, 1864 :: Ebon C. Ingersoll (R), from May 20, 1864 : . Jesse O. Norton (R) : . John R. Eden (D) : . John T. Stuart (D) : . Lewis Winans Ross (D) : . Anthony L. Knapp (D) : . James C. Robinson (D) : . William R. Morrison (D) : . William J. Allen (D) : . James C. Allen (D) ==== Indiana ==== : . John Law (D) : . James A. Cravens (D) : . Henry W. Harrington (D) : . William S. Holman (D) : . George W. Julian (R) : . Ebenezer Dumont (R) : . Daniel W. Voorhees (D) : . Godlove S. Orth (R) : . Schuyler Colfax (R) : . Joseph K. Edgerton (D) : . James F. McDowell (D) ==== Iowa ==== : . James F. Wilson (R) : . Hiram Price (R) : . William B. Allison (R) : . Josiah B. Grinnell (R) : . John A. Kasson (R) : . Asahel W. Hubbard (R) ==== Kansas ==== : . A. Carter Wilder (R) ==== Kentucky ==== : . Lucien Anderson (UU) : . George H. Yeaman (U) : . Henry Grider (U) : . Aaron Harding (U) : . Robert Mallory (U) : . Green C. Smith (UU) : . Brutus J. Clay (U) : . William H. Randall (UU) : . William H. Wadsworth (U) ==== Louisiana ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== Maine ==== : . Lorenzo D.M. Sweat (D) : . Sidney Perham (R) : . James G. Blaine (R) : . John H. Rice (R) : . Frederick A. Pike (R) ==== Maryland ==== : . John A. J. Creswell (UU) : . Edwin H. Webster (UU) : . Henry Winter Davis (UU) : . Francis Thomas (UU) : . Benjamin G. Harris (D) ==== Massachusetts ==== : . Thomas D. Eliot (R) : . Oakes Ames (R) : . Alexander H. Rice (R) : . Samuel Hooper (R) : . John B. Alley (R) : . Daniel W. Gooch (R) : . George S. Boutwell (R) : . John D. Baldwin (R) : . William B. Washburn (R) : . Henry L. Dawes (R) ==== Michigan ==== : . Fernando C. Beaman (R) : . Charles Upson (R) : . John W. Longyear (R) : . Francis W. Kellogg (R) : . Augustus C. Baldwin (D) : . John F. Driggs (R) ==== Minnesota ==== : . William Windom (R) : . Ignatius L. Donnelly (R) ==== Mississippi ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== Missouri ==== : . Francis P. Blair Jr. (R), until June 10, 1864 :: Samuel Knox (UU), from June 10, 1864 : . Henry T. Blow (UU) : . John W. Noell (UU), until March 14, 1863 :: John G. Scott (D), from December 7, 1863 : . Sempronius H. Boyd (UU) : . Joseph W. McClurg (UU) : . Austin A. King (U) : . Benjamin F. Loan (UU) : . William A. Hall (U) : . James S. Rollins (U) ==== Nevada ==== : . Henry G. Worthington (R), from October 31, 1864 (newly admitted state) ==== New Hampshire ==== : . Daniel Marcy (D) : . Edward H. Rollins (R) : . James W. Patterson (R) ==== New Jersey ==== : . John F. Starr (R) : . George Middleton (D) : . William G. Steele (D) : . Andrew J. Rogers (D) : . Nehemiah Perry (D) ==== New York ==== : . Henry G. Stebbins (D), until October 24, 1864 :: Dwight Townsend (D), from December 5, 1864 : . Martin Kalbfleisch (D) : . Moses F. Odell (D) : . Benjamin Wood (D) : . Fernando Wood (D) : . Elijah Ward (D) : . John W. Chanler (D) : . James Brooks (D) : . Anson Herrick (D) : . William Radford (D) : . Charles H. Winfield (D) : . Homer A. Nelson (D) : . John B. Steele (D) : . Erastus Corning (D), until October 5, 1863 :: John V. L. Pruyn (D), from December 7, 1863 : . John Augustus Griswold (D) : . Orlando Kellogg (R) : . Calvin T. Hulburd (R) : . James M. Marvin (R) : . Samuel F. Miller (R) : . Ambrose W. Clark (R) : . Francis Kernan (D) : . DeWitt C. Littlejohn (R) : . Thomas T. Davis (R) : . Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) : . Daniel Morris (R) : . Giles W. Hotchkiss (R) : . Robert B. Van Valkenburgh (R) : . Freeman Clarke (R) : . Augustus Frank (R) : . John Ganson (D) : . Reuben E. Fenton (R), until December 20, 1864 ==== North Carolina ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== Ohio ==== : . George H. Pendleton (D) : . Alexander Long (D) : . Robert C. Schenck (R) : . John F. McKinney (D) : . Francis C. Le Blond (D) : . Chilton A. White (D) : . Samuel S. Cox (D) : . William Johnston (D) : . Warren P. Noble (D) : . James M. Ashley (R) : . Wells A. Hutchins (D) : . William E. Finck (D) : . John O'Neill (D) : . George Bliss (D) : . James R. Morris (D) : . Joseph W. White (D) : . Ephraim R. Eckley (R) : . Rufus P. Spalding (R) : . James A. Garfield (R) ==== Oregon ==== : . John R. McBride (R) ==== Pennsylvania ==== : . Samuel J. Randall (D) : . Charles O'Neill (R) : . Leonard Myers (R) : . William D. Kelley (R) : . M. Russell Thayer (R) : . John D. Stiles (D) : . John M. Broomall (R) : . Sydenham E. Ancona (D) : . Thaddeus Stevens (R) : . Myer Strouse (D) : . Philip Johnson (D) : . Charles Denison (D) : . Henry W. Tracy (IR) : . William H. Miller (D) : . Joseph Bailey (D) : . Alexander H. Coffroth (D) : . Archibald McAllister (D) : . James T. Hale (IR) : . Glenni W. Scofield (R) : . Amos Myers (R) : . John L. Dawson (D) : . James K. Moorhead (R) : . Thomas Williams (R) : . Jesse Lazear (D) ==== Rhode Island ==== : . Thomas A. Jenckes (R) : . Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R) ==== South Carolina ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== Tennessee ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== Texas ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant ==== Vermont ==== : . Frederick E. Woodbridge (R) : . Justin S. Morrill (R) : . Portus Baxter (R) ==== Virginia ==== : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant, moved to West Virginia June 20, 1863 : . Vacant, moved to West Virginia June 20, 1863 : . Vacant, moved to West Virginia June 20, 1863 ==== West Virginia ==== : . Jacob B. Blair (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state) : . William G. Brown Sr. (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state) : . Kellian Whaley (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state) ==== Wisconsin ==== : . James S. Brown (D) : . Ithamar C. Sloan (R) : . Amasa Cobb (R) : . Charles A. Eldredge (D) : . Ezra Wheeler (D) : . Walter D. McIndoe (R) Non-voting members : . Charles D. Poston (R), from December 5, 1864 : . Hiram P. Bennet (R) : . William Jayne (R), until June 17, 1864 :: John B. S. Todd (D), from June 17, 1864 : . William H. Wallace (R), from February 1, 1864 : . Samuel McLean (D), from January 6, 1865 : . Samuel G. Daily (R) : . Gordon N. Mott (R), until October 31, 1864 : . Francisco Perea (R) : . John F. Kinney (D) : . George E. Cole (D) ==Changes in membership==

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Senate • Replacements: 2 • Democratic: no net change • Republican: no net change • Unionist: no net change • Unconditional Union: no net change • Deaths: 1 • Resignations: 2 • Interim appointments: 1 • Seats of newly admitted states: 4 • Total seats with changes: 4 House of Representatives • Replacements: 6 • Democratic: no net change • Republican: no net change • Unionist: no net change • Unconditional Union: no net change • Deaths: 3 • Resignations: 3 • Contested election: 1 • Seats of newly admitted seats: 4 • Total seats with changes: 7 ==Committees==

Senate • Agriculture (John Sherman, chair) • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (James Dixon, chair) • Claims (Daniel Clark, chair) • Commerce (Zachariah Chandler, chair) • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) • District of Columbia (James W. Grimes, chair) • Engrossed Bills (Henry S. Lane, chair) • Finance (William P. Fessenden, chair) • Foreign Relations (Charles Sumner, chair) • Indian Affairs (James Rood Doolittle, chair) • Judiciary (Lyman Trumbull, chair) • Manufactures (Zachariah Chandler, chair) • Military Affairs (Henry Wilson, chair) • Naval Affairs (John P. Hale, chair) • Naval Supplies (Select) • Ordnance and War Ships (Select) • Overland Mail Service (Select) • Pacific Railroad (Select) (Jacob M. Howard, chair) • Patents and the Patent Office (Edgar Cowan, chair) • Pensions (La Fayette S. Foster, chair) • Post Office and Post Roads (Jacob Collamer, chair) • Private Land Claims (Ira Harris, chair) • Public Buildings and Grounds (Solomon Foot, chair) • Public Lands (James Harlan, chair) • Retrenchment (N/A, chair) • Revolutionary Claims (Morton S. Wilkinson, chair) • Slavery and the Treatment of Freedmen (Select) • Tariff Regulation (Select) • Territories (Benjamin F. Wade, chair) • Whole House of Representatives • Accounts (Edward H. Rollins, chair) • Agriculture (Brutus J. Clay, chair) • Banking and Currency (N/A, chair) • Bankrupt Law (Select) • Claims (James T. Hale, chair) • Commerce (Elihu B. Washburne, chair) • District of Columbia (Owen Lovejoy, chair) • Elections (Henry L. Dawes, chair) • Expenditures in the Interior Department (Thomas B. Shannon, chair) • Expenditures in the Navy Department (Portus Baxter, chair) • Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Theodore M. Pomeroy, chair) • Expenditures in the State Department (Frederick A. Pike, chair) • Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Amos Myers, chair) • Expenditures in the War Department (Henry C. Deming, chair) • Expenditures on Public Buildings (John W. Longyear, chair) • Foreign Affairs (Henry Winter Davis, chair) • Indian Affairs (William Windom, chair) • Invalid Pensions (Kellian V. Whaley, chair) • Judiciary (James F. Wilson, chair) • Manufactures (James K. Moorhead, chair) • Mileage (James C. Robinson, chair) • Military Affairs (Robert C. Schenck, chair) • Militia (Robert B. Van Valkenburgh, chair) • Naval Affairs (Alexander H. Rice, chair) • Patents (Thomas A. Jenckes, chair) • Post Office and Post Roads (John B. Alley, chair) • Private Land Claims (M. Russell Thayer, chair) • Public Buildings and Grounds (John H. Rice, chair) • Public Expenditures (Calvin T. Hulburd, chair) • Public Lands (George W. Julian, chair) • Revisal and Unfinished Business (Sempronius H. Boyd, chair) • Revolutionary Claims (Hiram Price, chair) • Revolutionary Pensions (Dewitt C. Littlejohn, chair) • Roads and Canals (Isaac N. Arnold, chair) • Rules (Select) • Standards of Official Conduct • Territories (James M. Ashley, chair) • Ways and Means (Thaddeus Stevens, chair) • Whole Joint appointments • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special) • Conduct of the War • Enrolled Bills (Sen. Timothy Howe, chair) • The Library (Sen. Jacob Collamer, chair) • Printing (Sen. Henry B. Anthony, chair) • Senate Chamber and the Hall of the House of Representatives == Caucuses ==

• Democratic (House) • Democratic (Senate) == Employees ==

===Legislative branch agency directors=== • Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter • Librarian of Congress: John Gould Stephenson, until 1864 • Ainsworth Rand Spofford, from 1864 Senate • Chaplain: Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian), until May 11, 1864 • Thomas Bowman (Methodist), elected May 11, 1864 • Secretary: John W. Forney • Sergeant at Arms: George T. Brown House of Representatives • Chaplain: William H. Channing (Unitarian) • Clerk: Emerson Etheridge, until December 7, 1863 • Edward McPherson, from December 7, 1863 • Doorkeeper: Ira Goodnow • Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice • William D. Todd • Postmaster: William S. King • Sergeant at Arms: Edward Ball, until December 7, 1863 • Nehemiah G. Ordway, from December 7, 1863 == See also ==