Timeline of Istanbul

• 657 BCE – Byzantium founded by Greeks. • 513 BCE – City taken by Persians under the rule of Darius the Great. • 479 BCE – Spartans take control of Byzantium from the Persians following their victory at the Battle of Plataea. • 411 BCE – Captured by Sparta. • 408 BCE – Captured by Athens. • 340 BCE – Besieged unsuccessfully by the forces of Philip II of Macedon. • 317 BCE – Battle of Byzantium. • 193 CE • Besieged by Septimius Severus. • Population: 15,000 • 196 – Captured by Septimius Severus. Walls demolished and city razed. • 203 • Septimius Severus rebuilds the city. • Hippodrome built (approximate date). • Mese main street built. • Baths of Zeuxippus built (approximate date). • Walls rebuilt (approximate date). • 267 – Captured by the Herules. ==4th–15th centuries==

• 315 – Hagia Irene church built (approximate date). • 324 • 8 November: Constantine renames the city as Constantinoupolis and begins large-scale rebuilding. • Serpent Column relocated to Byzantium. • Hippodrome enlarged. • Population: 20,000 • 328 – 4 November: Constantine dedicates Constantinople as capital. • 330 • 11 May: Column of Constantine dedicated. • Church of the Holy Apostles built (approximate date). • Chora Church built (approximate date). • Milion erected (approximate date). • 332 • 18 May: Free distribution of food to citizens. 80,000 rations a day from 117 distribution points. • 359 – First urban prefect appointed. • 360 – 15 February: Great Church of Holy Wisdom inaugurated. • 362 – Kontoskalion built. • 365 – City taken by forces of Procopius. • 368 • Valens Aqueduct completed. • Magnaura palace built (approximate date). • Population: 150,000 • 378 – Battle of Constantinople (378): Gothic attack on the city. • 381 – First Council of Constantinople held in the Hagia Irene church. • 382 • Drought. • Second line added to the Valens Aqueduct. • 390 – Obelisk of Theodosius installed. • 393 • Forum of Theodosius rebuilt. • Column of Theodosius erected. • Arch of Theodosius completed. • Population: 200,000 • 395 – Earthquake (approximate date). • 400 – City occupied by the rebel forces of Gainas for several months. • 401 – Construction of the Column of Arcadius begins. • 403 • Forum of Arcadius built. • Column of Aelia Eudoxia erected. • Earthquake. • 407 – 1 April: Earthquake. • 413 – Theodosian Walls built. • 415 – 10 October: Church of Theodosius II inaugurated. • 420 – Palace of Lausus built (approximate date). • 421 – Cistern of Aetius built. • 425 – 27 February: Pandidakterion school founded by emperor Theodosius II. • 428 – Theodosius Cistern built (approximate date). • 430 – Palace of Antiochos built. • 433 – August: Fire destroys buildings along the Golden Horn. • 437 – 25 September: Constantinian and Theodosian Walls damaged by an earthquake. • 439 – Boukoleon Palace built (approximate date). • 440 – Saint Andrew in Krisei built (approximate date). • 447 • 26 January: Walls damaged by an earthquake. • Walls rebuilt in 60 days by 16,000 workers under praetorian prefect Constantinus. • 6 November: Constantinian and Theodosian Walls damaged by an earthquake. • 450 • Column of Marcian erected (approximate date). • Church of St. Mary of Blachernae built. • 459 • Construction of the Cistern of Aspar begins. • Augustaion rebuilt. • 462 – Monastery of Stoudios founded. • 464 – September: Fire begins in the dockyards of the Golden Horn and damages eight of the city's fourteen regions. • 473 – Imperial Library of Constantinople burned. • 476 – Basilica Cistern rebuilt (approximate date). • 478 – 25 September: Walls damaged by an earthquake. • 498 – Riot by the Greens damages the Hippodrome and surrounding area. • 500 • Cistern of Mocius built (approximate date). • Palace of Blachernae built (approximate date). • Byzantine structure that would become the Balaban Aga Mosque built (approximate date). • 524 – Church of St. Polyeuctus built. • 527 – Construction of the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus begins. • 532 • January: Nika riots. • 23 February: Construction of the Hagia Sophia church begins. • Basilica Cistern rebuilt and enlarged. • 533 – Earthquake. • 536 – Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus finished. • 537 • 26 December: Hagia Sophia completed. • Population: 300,000–500,000 • 541 – Plague of Justinian kills 40% of the population. • 543 – Column of Justinian erected. • 545 – Wheat and wine shortage. • 548 – Hagia Irene rebuilt. • 550 – 28 June: Church of the Holy Apostles rebuilt. • 553 – Second Council of Constantinople held. • 554 – 16 August: 554 Anatolia earthquake. • 555 – May–July: Bread shortage. • 557 – 14 December: 557 Constantinople earthquake destroys large parts of the city. • 558 – February–July: Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian. • 560 – Monastery of the Mother of God at the Spring built. • 562 – November: Drought. • 570 • Chrysotriklinos built by emperor Justin II (approximate date). • Orphanage of Saint Paul founded (approximate date). • 573–574 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian. • 575 – Kontoskalion harbor deepened and enlarged. • 576 – Valens Aqueduct repaired and expanded. • 582 – Famine. • 586 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian. • 599 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian. • 626 – Siege of Constantinople (626) by Avars, Slavs and Sassanian Persians. • 674–678 – Siege of Constantinople (674–78). • 680 – Third Council of Constantinople held. • 690 – Hall of Justinianos built by emperor Justinian II (approximate date). • 692 – Quinisext Council held. • 698 – Outbreak of plague. • 717–718 – Siege of Constantinople (717–18). • 740 – October 26: 740 Constantinople earthquake. • 747 – Outbreak of plague. • 753 – Hagia Irene rebuilt. • 758 – Drought. • 766 – Valens Aqueduct restored. • 769 – Church of the Virgin of the Pharos in existence. • 813 – City besieged by Bulgarian forces. • 821 – City besieged by forces of Thomas the Slav. • 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860). • 869 – A portion of the walls collapses in an earthquake. • 870 – Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church) held. • 880 • Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox) held. • 1 May: Nea Ekklesia built. • 907 – Siege of Constantinople (907). • 908 – Lips Monastery built. • 920 – Myrelaion built. • 922 – Battle of Constantinople (922). • 941 – Siege of Constantinople (941). • 971 – Church of Christ of the Chalke built by emperor John I Tzimiskes. • 1000 – Hagios Theodoros built (approximate date). • 1030 – Monastery of St. Mary Peribleptos built by emperor Romanos III Argyros. • 1045 – Monastery of St. George of Mangana built (approximate date). • 1047 – September: Siege by rebels under Leo Tornikios. • 1049 — Theotokos Euergetis Monastery founded. • 1059 – Saint Thekla of the Palace of Blachernae built. • 1060 – Pammakaristos Church built (approximate date). • 1081 – Chora Church rebuilt. • 1087 – Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes built. • 1100 • Paper in use. • Saint John the Forerunner by-the-Dome built. • 1110 • Kecharitomene Monastery built. • Maiden's Tower built. • 1136 – Monastery of the Pantocrator completed. • 1147 – September: Battle of Constantinople (1147) • 1181 – 2 May: Uprising of Maria Komnene against the rule of Alexios Komnenos suppressed. • 1182 – April: Massacre of the Latins. • 1197 – 25 July: Fire destroys the Latin Quarter and other buildings. • 1200 – Theotokos Kyriotissa built (approximate date). • 1203 – Siege of Constantinople (1203) by the Fourth Crusade, in which Alexius IV was able to usurp the throne after Alexius III fled to Thrace. • 1204 – April: Siege of Constantinople (1204) by the Fourth Crusade, in which the Byzantines were overwhelmed and the city thoroughly sacked. • 1235 – Siege of Constantinople (1235). • 1260 – Siege of Constantinople (1260). • 1261 • 25 July: Captured by Nicaean forces under Alexios Strategopoulos. • Population: 35,000 • 1268 – Kyra Martha nunnery founded. • 1289 – June: Earthquake. • 1304 – South Church of Lips Monastery built. • 1307 – Monastery of Christ Philanthropos built. • 1325 – Church of San Domenico built. • 1332 – 17 January: Earthquake. • 1347 • 14 October: Earthquake. • 18 October: Earthquake. • 1348 • Galata Tower built. • Population: 80,000 • 1351 – 28 May: Fifth Council of Constantinople completed. • 1376 – City besieged by forces of Andronikos IV Palaiologos. • 1394 • Blockade of the city begun by Ottoman forces under Bayezid I. • Anadoluhisarı fortress built. ==15th–18th centuries==

• 1402 • Ottoman blockade lifted. • Earthquake. • 1410 – June: Battle of Kosmidion. • 1411 – Siege of Constantinople (1411). • 1422 – Siege of Constantinople (1422). • 1427 – Church of Saint Benoit built. • 1437 • 4 September: Earthquake. • 25 November: Earthquake. • 1452 – Rumelihisarı fortress built. • 1453 • 6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power. • Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne. • Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use. • 1555 – November/December: Sinan Pasha Mosque (Istanbul) built. • 1556 – Bath-house of Haseki Hurrem Sultan built. • 1557 • Süleymaniye Mosque built. • Süleymaniye Hamam bath built. • 1559 – Caferağa Medresseh built. • 1560 – İskender Pasha Mosque, Kanlıca built. • 1563 – Rüstem Pasha Mosque built. • 1567 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Büyükçekmece) built. • 1570 – Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı) built. • 1571 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga) built. • 1572 – Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque built. • 1573 – Piyale Pasha Mosque built. • 1577 – Observatory of Taqi al-Din built. • 1578 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Azapkapı) built. • 1580 – Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex built. • 1581 – Şemsi Pasha Mosque built. • 1583 – 26 March: First British ambassador to Constantinople arrives. • 1584 • Çemberlitaş Hamamı (bath) built. • Molla Çelebi Mosque built. • Church of St. Mary Draperis, Istanbul established. • 1586 • Atik Valide Mosque built. • Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque built. • 1590 • 21 March: Treaty of Constantinople (1590). • Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque built. • 1604 – Church of SS Peter and Paul, Istanbul built. • 1612 – 20 November: Treaty of Nasuh Pasha. • 1613 – Aynalıkavak Palace built. • 1615 – Cossack raid on Istanbul (1615) • 1616 – Sultan Ahmed Mosque built. • 1620 – Cossack raid on Istanbul (1620) • 1624 – Cossack raids on Istanbul (1624) • 1648 – Atmeydanı incident. • 1656 – 26 February: Çınar incident. • 1660 • 24–26 July: Great Fire of 1660. • New Bazaar built. • 1665 – Valide Sultan Mosque built. • 1678 – Church of St. Mary Draperis rebuilt. • 1700 – 13 July: Treaty of Constantinople (1700). • 1710 – Yeni Valide Mosque built. • 1728 – Fountain of Ahmed III built. • 1729 – Fountain of Ahmed III (Üsküdar) built. • 1730 – 20 September: Patrona Halil rebellion. • 1732 – Tophane Fountain built. • 1736 – 24 September: Treaty of Constantinople (1736). • 1742 – 15 April: Apostolic Vicariate of Constantinople established. • 1746 – Kalenderhane Mosque consecrated. • 1753 – Yedikule Hospital founded. • 1755 – Nuruosmaniye Mosque built. • 1758 – Şemsipaşa Primary School established. • 1763 – Laleli Mosque built. • 1766 – Earthquake. • 1769 – Zeynep Sultan Mosque built. • 1771 – Fatih Mosque rebuilt. • 1773 – Naval Engineering at Golden Horn Naval Shipyard college founded. • 1774 – Rami Barracks built. • 1781 – Emirgan Mosque built. • 1793 – Balıklı Greek Hospital rebuilt. • 1795 • Imperial School of Military Engineering established. • Mühendishane-i Berri Hümayun printing house established. ==19th century==

• 1800 – Eyüp Sultan Mosque rebuilt. • 1801 – Big Selimiye Mosque built. • 1806 – Taksim Military Barracks built. • 1807 – 29 May: Coup of 1807. • 1808 – 28 July: Coup of 1808. • 1813 – Hidayet Mosque built. • 1814 – Sultan Mahmut Fountain built. • 1821 – Constantinople massacre of 1821. • 1825 – Pangaltı Mkhitaryan School established. • 1826 • 15 June: Auspicious Incident. • Nusretiye Mosque built. • 1828 • 6 February: Selimiye Barracks built. • Beyazıt Tower built. • 1831 – October: Takvim-i Vekayi newspaper established. • 1832 • February: Treaty of Constantinople (1832). • Beylerbeyi Palace Tunnel built. • Davutpaşa Barracks built. • 1833 – 8 July: Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi. • 1834 • Military Academy established. • 31 May: Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital opened. • 1836 – 3 September: Hayratiye Bridge built. • 1837 – Surp Agop Hospital opened. • 1843 – Church of SS Peter and Paul rebuilt. • 1844 – Naum Theatre opened. • 1845 • Galata Bridge built. • 21 September: Mekteb-i Fünun-ı İdadiye military high school established. • 1846 • Cathedral of the Holy Spirit built. • 1 July: Armenian Evangelical Church established. • 23 July: House of Multiple Sciences established (predecessor of Istanbul University). • 1848 • Küçük Mecidiye Mosque built. • Nusretiye Clock Tower built. • Ottoman Military College established. • 1849 – 9 October: Bulgarian St. Stephen Church inaugurated. • 1850 • 21 March: Istanbul Girls High School inaugurated. • 22 March: Cağaloğlu Anadolu Lisesi established. • 1851 • Hırka-i Şerif Mosque built. • Emirgan Pier opened. • 1852 • Taşkışla houses built. • Taksim German Hospital founded. • 1853 – Üsküdar Ferry Terminal opened. • 1854 – Teşvikiye Mosque built. • 1855 • Ihlamur Palace built. • Dolmabahçe Mosque built. • 1856 • 27 November: Lycée Notre Dame de Sion Istanbul established. • Dolmabahçe Palace built in Beşiktaş. • Ortaköy Mosque built. • Ottoman Bank founded. • Fenerbahçe Lighthouse built. • 1857 • Küçüksu Palace built. • Ahırkapı Feneri lighthouse built. • 1859 • 12 February: Mekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şahane college established. • Şişli Greek Orthodox Cemetery founded. • 1861 • 14 April: Bulgarian Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Constantinople established. • Adile Sultan Palace built. • ''Al-Jawâ'ib'' begins publication. • Liceo Italiano di Istanbul founded. • 1862 – Tekel tobacco company founded. • 1863 • 16 September: Robert College opened. • First painting exhibition sponsored by Sultan Abdülaziz. • 1865 • Beylerbeyi Palace built. • Altunizade Mosque built. • 1866 – Gedikpaşa Tiyatrosu theatre established. • 1867 – Çırağan Palace built. • 1868 • 1 April: Court of Cassation established. • 1 May: Deutsche Schule Istanbul founded. • Kandilli Observatory established. • Galatasaray Museum established. • 1870 • June 5: Fire in Pera. • 24 November: Diyojen magazine founded. • Malta Kiosk built. • 1871 • Feriye Palace built. • American College for Girls established in Arnavutköy. • 1895 • Dolmabahçe Clock Tower built. • Russian Archaeological Institute of Constantinople established. • Lycée Sainte-Euphémie established. • 1896 • 1 January: Kurtuluş S.K. founded. • 26 August: Occupation of the Ottoman Bank. • 1897 • Treaty of Constantinople (1897). • Istanbul Naval Museum established. • Tokatlıyan Hotels built. • 1899 – 20 April: Port of Haydarpaşa opened. ==20th century==

• 1900 – Port of Istanbul opened. • 1901 • 27 January: German Fountain inaugurated. • Ulus Sephardi Jewish Cemetery established. • 1903 • 4 March: Beşiktaş J.K. founded. • Moda F.C. founded. • 1904 • Istanbul Football League established. • Elpis F.C. founded. • HMS Imogene F.C. founded. • 1905 • 21 July: Yıldız assassination attempt. • 30 October: Galatasaray S.K. founded. • 1907 • 3 May: Fenerbahçe S.K. (football) founded. • Khedive Palace built. • Etfal Hospital Clock Tower built. • 1908 • Istanbul declared a province with nine constituent districts. • Ottoman National Olympic Society founded. • Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium inaugurated. • Kabataş Erkek Lisesi established. • Karagöz magazine established. • Osmanischer Lloyd established. • Demet magazine established. • Jamanak Armenian-language newspaper established. • El Gugeton Ladino-language newspaper established. • Vefa S.K. founded. • Beykoz S.K.D. founded. • Üsküdar Anadolu S.K. founded. • Strugglers F.C. founded. • 1909 • 31 March Incident • National Bank of Turkey established. • Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey predecessor formed. • Al-Muntada al-Adabi formed. • Shehbal magazine founded. • Altınordu İdman Yurdu S.K. founded. • 1910 • Mısır Apartment built. • Suadiye railway station opened. • Hamevasser newspaper established. • Apikoğlu company founded. • 22 April: Hikmet magazine established. • 1911 • Yıldız Technical University established. • Istanbul International Community School established. • Erenköy Girls High School established. • Marmnamarz sports magazine begins publishing. • Küçükçekmece S.K. founded. • Beylerbeyi S.K. founded. • Rumblers F.C. founded. • 11 June: Greek Byzantine Catholic Church established. • 23 July: Monument of Liberty, Istanbul completed. • 1912 • İnterbank moves to Constantinople. • Church of St. Anthony of Padua, Istanbul built. • Gülhane Park opens. • Orfeon Records established. • Istanbul Friday League established. • Hilal S.K. founded. • Telefoncular F.C. founded. • 25 March: Turkish Hearths founded. • 1913 • 23 January: 1913 Ottoman coup d'état. • 29 September: Treaty of Constantinople • Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum opens. • Bebek Mosque built. • Veliefendi Race Course opened. • Anadolu Hisarı İdman Yurdu S.K. founded. • 1914 • Population: 1,125,000 • 25 January: Electric tram line begins operating on the European side. • 11 February: Silahtarağa Power Station opened. • 28 June: Darülbedayi founded. • Metrohan Building built. • Darülbedayi theatre founded. • Istanbul Championship League established. • Beyoğlu S.K. established. • 1915 • 24 April: Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915. • 15 June: The 20 Hunchakian gallows hanging occurs in Beyazıt Square. • Göztepe railway station rebuilt. • 1916 • Aviation Martyrs' Monument completed. • Kandilli Anatolian High School for Girls established. • 1917 – Darülelhan conservatory established. • 1918 • 13 November: Occupation of Constantinople by Allied forces begins, per Armistice of Mudros. • November: Karakol society founded against the occupation of Constantinople. • 1919 • Sultanahmet demonstrations. • Sultanahmet Jail built. • Eyüpspor founded. • 1920 – 5 March: Green Crescent established. • 1921 • 15 January: Kasımpaşa S.K. founded. • Taksim Stadium established. • Istanbul Men's Volleyball League established. • 1922 – Tayyare Apartments built. • 1923 • 4 October: Allied occupation ends and the newly-formed Republic of Turkey takes control. • 13 October: Turkish capital relocated from Istanbul to Ankara. • Istanbul Shield established. • 1931 – Italian Synagogue established. • 1932 – Fil Bridge built. • 1933 • 1 August: Istanbul University established. • 1942 – • VitrA (sanitaryware) company established. • Istanbul Football Cup established. • 1943 – Taksim Gezi Park built. • 1944 • 22 February: Ülker company established. • Faculty of Arts and Sciences Building, Istanbul University built. • Yıldız Holding established. • 1945 • Population: 860,558. • Ali Sami Yen Stadium built. • Beyti (Istanbul) restaurant founded. • Aşiyan Museum established. • Yıldırım Bosna S.K. founded. • 1946 • Cezmi Or Memorial established. • Modaspor (basketball) founded. • 1947 • 19 May: İnönü Stadium opens in Beşiktaş. • 9 August: Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre opened. • 29 October: Şalom begins publishing. • 1948 • 1 May: Hürriyet newspaper begins publishing. • Bütün Dünya periodical begins publishing. • 1949 • 3 June: Istanbul Lütfi Kırdar International Convention and Exhibition Center opened. • 18 August: Kartal S.K. founded. • Şişli Mosque built. • İstanbul newspaper begins publishing. • Bakırköyspor founded. • 1950 • Population: 1,000,022. • 3 May: Milliyet begins publishing. • Hünkar (restaurant) established. • Pendikspor founded. • Paşabahçe S.K. founded. • Alibeyköy S.K. founded. • 1951 • 25 March: Neve Shalom Synagogue inaugurated. • Ismet Baba Fish Restaurant established. • 1952 • 9 March: ITU TV broadcast. First Turkish television broadcast. • Türk Ticaret Bankası relocated to Istanbul. • 1953 • 1 March: ITU School of Mines established. • Tiled Kiosk opens as a museum. • Zeytinburnuspor founded. • 1954 • Arçelik company established. • Alarko Holding company established. • Migros Türk company established. • İçmeler railway station opened. • Akbank moves to Istanbul. • Tuzlaspor founded. • 1955 • 10 June: Hilton Istanbul Bosphorus opened. • 6–7 September: Istanbul pogrom. • 4 December: • Cankurtaran railway station opened. • Florya railway station opened. • Kazlıçeşme railway station opened. • Yenimahalle railway station opened. • Zeytinburnu railway station opened. • Beko company founded. • Kadıköy Anadolu Lisesi founded. • Adam Mickiewicz Museum, Istanbul founded. • Küçükçekmece railway station rebuilt. • Istanbul Women's Volleyball League established. • 1956 • Divan Istanbul built. • Demirören Group founded. • Tekfen Construction and Installation founded. • Tabanlıoğlu Architects founded. • Yeşilyurt Women's Volleyball Team founded. • 1957 • Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. company founded. • Pudding Shop restaurant opened. • 1958 • Birleşik Fon Bankası founded. • Banks Association of Turkey founded. • Küçük Emek cinema opens. • 1959 • Beşiktaş Anadolu Lisesi founded. • Sait Faik Abasıyanık Museum opened. • Karaköy Pier opened. • Güzelyalı railway station opened. • Bayrampaşaspor founded. • 1960 • Erler Film company founded. • Ekonomist magazine founded. • 1961 • March: Hürriyet Daily News founded. • Yenibosna S.K. founded. • 1962 • E.C.A. Elginkan Anadolu Lisesi founded. • Telsiz ve Radyo Amatörleri Cemiyeti founded. • 1963 – Gaziosmanpaşaspor founded. • 1964 • Askam (trucks) company founded. • Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage opens. • 1965 • Population: 2,293,823 (districts of Adalar, Bakırköy, Beşiktaş, Beykoz, Beyoğlu, Çatalca, Eyüp, Fatih, Gaziosmanpaşa, Kadıköy, Kartal, Sarıyer, Silivri, Şile, Şişli, Üsküdar, Yalova, and Zeytinburnu). • Yapı Merkezi company founded. • 1966 – İdealtepe railway station opened. • 1967 • 15 June: Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey holds first meeting. • Kaynarca railway station opened. • Moğollar established. • 1968 • Yedikule Anadolu Lisesi founded. • Küçükköyspor founded. • 1969 • 17 January: Vehbi Koç Foundation established. • 16 February: Bloody Sunday (1969). • 12 April: Atatürk Cultural Center dedicated. • Efes Beverage Group established. • 1970 • Eyüboğlu High School founded. • 22 April: Türkiye newspaper begins publishing. • 1971 • 2 November: Beyoğlu station re-opened after reconstruction. • Turkish Industry and Business Association established. • Turkish Society for Electron Microscopy established. • 1972 – Desa company established. • 1973 • 12 January: Millî Gazete begins publishing. • 19 April: Dostluk S.K. founded. • Bosphorus Bridge built. • Ömerli Dam built. • 50th Anniversary of the Republic Sculptures erected. • Istanbul International Music Festival begins. • Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts established. • 1974 • 10 September: Haliç Bridge opened. • Derimod company founded. • 1975 • 30 January: Turkish Airlines Flight 345 crash. • Çukurova (construction firm) established. • Istanbul Technical University Turkish Music State Conservatory founded. • 1976 • Muhammad Maarifi Mosque built. • Çamlıca TRT Television Tower built. • Polin Waterparks company founded. • 1977 • 1 May: Taksim Square massacre. • 1978 – December: Kadınca women's magazine begins publishing. • 1979 – Istanbul Marathon begins. • 1980 • 14 October: Sadberk Hanım Museum opened. • Cengiz Holding established. • Bogazici University Sports Fest founded. • 1981 • 2 March: Dünya founded. • Koçbank founded. • Can Yayınları publishing company founded. • Metris Prison established. • 1982 • 19 February: Güneş founded. • International Istanbul Film Festival begins. • Istanbul Book Fair inaugurated. • Atatürk High School of Science, Istanbul established. • World Trade Center Istanbul established. • Timas Publishing Group established. • İletişim Yayınları publishing company established. • Kaynak Yayınları publishing company established. • Malta Kiosk restored and re-opened. • Ezginin Günlüğü band formed. • 1983 • ITU Mustafa Inan Library opened. • Enka SK founded. • İstanbul Güngörenspor founded. • 1984 • March: Hotel Yeşil Ev established. • March 23: Municipality of Greater Istanbul established. • Population: 2,951,000 (estimate). • 1986 – 6 September: Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre. Gunmen kill 22 Jews in an attack orchestrated by Palestinian militant Abu Nidal. • 1987 • The districts of Büyükçekmece, Kağıthane, Küçükçekmece, Pendik and Ümraniye are created. • 1 October: Galleria Ataköy opened. • 1988 • 9 May: TGC Press Media Museum established. • 3 July: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge built. • Koç School opened. • 1989 • 3 September: Istanbul Metro begins operating. • Kadıköy Haldun Taner Stage in use. • 1990 • İstanbul Başakşehir F.K. established. • The district of Bayrampaşa is created. • 1991 – Swissôtel The Bosphorus opened. • 1992 • 1 March: Neve Shalom Synagogue bomb attack. No casualties or damage. • The districts of Avcılar, Bağcılar, Bahçelievler, Güngören, Maltepe, Sultanbeyli, and Tuzla are created. • 13 June: T1 (Istanbul Tram) line opened. • Istanbul Hezarfen Airfield opened. • 1993 • Sabancı Center built. • International Defence Industry Fair established. • Akbank Sanat opened. • Koç University opened. • 6–7 May: 2nd ECO Summit held. • 18 December: Akmerkez opened. • The district of Esenler is created. • 1994 • 31 October: Istanbul Bilgi University established. • December: Galata Bridge rebuilt. • Esenler Coach Terminal built. • Recep Tayyip Erdoğan becomes mayor of greater Istanbul. • Population: 7,615,500 in city (approximate estimate). • 1995 • 12–15 March: Gazi Quarter riots. • The district of Yalova is separated from Istanbul Province and Yalova Province is created. • 1996 • United Nations Conference on Human Settlements held. • Üsküdar Belediyespor founded. • 1998 – Ahmet Cömert Sport Hall built. • 1999 • 13–14 March: 1999 Istanbul bombings. • 26 July – 1 August: 1999 European Aquatics Championships held. • The 7.6 İzmit earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 17,118–17,127 dead and 43,953–50,000 injured in the region. • Changa (restaurant) established. ==21st century==

• 2000 • Population: 10,018,735. • Tekstilkent Plaza built. • 6 May: Istanbul Postal Museum established. • 26 August: Isbank Tower 1 built. • 16 September: M2 (Istanbul Metro) opened. • 2001 • Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport opened. • 21 September: Tepe Nautilus mall opened. • 2002 • Tekfen Tower built. • Endem TV Tower built. • Sakıp Sabancı Museum opened. • 2003 • Istanbul Pride begins. • 2 May: Miniatürk opened. • November: 2003 Istanbul bombings. • 2004 • City boundaries become coterminous with those of Istanbul Province. • Kadir Topbaş becomes mayor of Greater Istanbul. • March 9, 2004 attack on Istanbul restaurant. • 12 and 15 May: Eurovision Song Contest 2004 held. • 28–29 June: City hosts 2004 Istanbul summit. • 1 February: Istanbul fireworks explosion in Davutpaşa. • 9 July: 2008 United States consulate in Istanbul attack. • 21 July: 70 Million Steps Against Coups. • 27 July: 2008 Istanbul bombings. • Labour strike in Tuzla. • 2009 • 7 May: Şakirin Mosque opened. • 17 October: Istanbul Congress Center opened • City districts increased from 32 to 39. • Istanbul Congress Center built. • Depo art space founded. • 2010 • 14 January: Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage rebuilt. • 28 August – 12 September: 2010 FIBA World Championship held. • 31 October: 2010 Istanbul bombing. • Baklahorani (carnival) revived. • 2011 • 4 March: Istanbul Sapphire opened. • 18 March: Istanbul Shopping Fest inaugurated. • July: Istanbul Justice Palace built. • 6 October: Ora Arena opened. • 2012 • 26 February 2012 Istanbul rally to commemorate the Khojaly massacre held. • 17 August: M4 (Istanbul Metro) line opened. • Sancaklar Mosque built. • MEF University opened. • Forensic Science Institute of Turkey opened. • Museum of Innocence opens. • Population: 13,854,740. • 2013 • 28 May: Gezi Park protests begin in Taksim Square. • 14 June: M3 (Istanbul Metro) line opened. • 10 October: Zorlu Center opened. • 29 October: • Marmaray Tunnel phase of the Marmaray project opened for public use. • Ayrılık Çeşmesi railway station opened. • 2014 • 15 February: Golden Horn Metro Bridge opened. • 1 September: Raffles Istanbul hotel opened. • 29 November: Pope Francis visit to meet with Patriarch Bartholomew I and Muslim leaders. • Sancaklar Mosque built in Büyükçekmece.** Istanbul Half Marathon established. • 2015 • 6 January: 2015 Istanbul suicide bombing. • 17 March: 2015 SAHA [https://www.sahaistanbul.org.tr/ Istanbul, Defence, Aviation and Space Clustering Association established. • 19 April: M6 (Istanbul Metro) line opened. • 26 May: Mehmet Çakır Cultural and Sports Center opened. • 1 December: 2015 Istanbul metro bombing. • 23 December: 2015 Sabiha Gökçen Airport bombing. • 2016 • 12 January: January 2016 Istanbul bombing. • 19 March: March 2016 Istanbul bombing. • 11 April: Vodafone Park opened. • 7 June: June 2016 Istanbul bombing. • 28 June: Istanbul Atatürk Airport attack. • 15–16 July: 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt. • 20 August: Beykoz University established. • 23 August: Özgürlükçü Demokrasi launched. • 26 August: Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge opened. • 6 October: October 2016 Istanbul bombing. • 10 December: December 2016 Istanbul bombings. • 22 December: Eurasia Tunnel opened. • 2017 • 1 January: 2017 Istanbul nightclub shooting. • 9 July: 2017 March for Justice. • 29 October: F3 (Istanbul Metro) line opened. • 15 December: M5 (Istanbul Metro) line opened. • Population: 15,029,231 (estimate, urban agglomeration). • 2018 • Saha Expo first held. • 20–23 September: Teknofest Istanbul held. • 29 October: Istanbul Airport opened. • Prince MBS of Saudi Arabia sends a group of government agents to murder prominent critic, Jamal Khashoggi. His death is just a few days before his sixtieth birthday. • 2019 • Opposition candidate Ekrem Imamoglu won the repeat race for Istanbul's mayor. • 6 April: Atatürk Airport ceased all commercial passenger operations. • 2022 • 13 November: an explosion on İstiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu district left at least six people dead and 81 injured. • 2024 • 2024 Istanbul Palace of Justice attack: an armed attack on a police station took place near the Istanbul Justice Palace. • Ekrem İmamoğlu was reelected as Istanbul Mayor for a second term in 2024. • 2025 • 2025 Turkish protests: hundreds of thousands of pro-democracy demonstrators gathered in the streets of Istanbul. ==See also==