List of the first women holders of political offices in Europe

National level • Councillor/Parliamentarian – Mercè Bonell – 1984 • Cabinet minister - Minister for Public Service – Mercè Sansa – 1985 • Mayor – Bibiana Rossa and Lydia Magallon – 1995 • Mayor of Andorra la Vella – Conxita Mora Jordana – 1999 • Representative of the French Co-Prince of Andorra – Emmanuelle Mignon – 2007 • Speaker of the Parliament – Roser Suñé Pascuet – 3 May 2019 Individual ministries • Secretary General of Tourism and Sport – Monserrat Roncheras Santacreu – 1985 ==Armenia==

Kingdom of Armenia • Monarch — Erato of Armenia – 1st century BC & first half of 1st century === First Republic of Armenia === • Member of Parliament — Katarine Zalyan-Manukyan — 1919 • Member of Parliament — Perchuhi Partizpanyan-Barseghyan — 1919 • Minister of Trade – Nina Asmayan – 1991 ===Armenia=== • Ombudsman – Larisa Alaverdyan – 1 March 2004 • Minister of Culture — Hasmik Poghosyan – 8 June 2007 • Minister of Diaspora — Hranush Hakobyan – 1 October 2008 • Deputy President of National Assembly —Hermine Naghdalyan – 31 May 2012 • Leader of Prosperous Armenia Political Party – Naira Zohrabyan – 5 March 2015 • Minister of Justice — Arpine Hovhannisyan – 4 September 2015 • Minister of Culture — Lilit Makunts — 12 May 2018 (Pashinyan government) • Minister of Labor and Social Affairs — Mane Tandilyan — 12 May 2018 (Pashinyan government) ==Austria==

Imperial • Monarch – Maria Theresia of Austria – 1740 Republic • Member of Parliament – Anna Boschek – 1919 • President of the Bundesrat – Olga Ruder-Zeynek – 1927 • Government Minister (Minister of Social Affairs) – Grete Rehor – 1966 • Minister for Foreign Affairs – Benita Ferrero-Waldner – 2000 • Mayor of Innsbruck – Hilde Zach – 2002–2011 • Minister for Justice – Karin Gastinger – 2004 • European Commissioner for Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy – Benita Ferrero-Waldner – 2009 • Chancellor of Austria – Brigitte Bierlein – 2019 ==Azerbaijan==

Soviet Socialist Republic National level • Cabinet Minister – Ayna Sultanova – 1938 • Deputy Premier Minister – Tahira Tahirova – 1963 • Vice-President – S.M. Mamedaliyeva – 1963 • Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan – Elmira Gafarova – 1990 Individual ministries • Minister of Justice – Ayna Sultanova – 1938 • Chairperson of the Committee for Science and Technology at the Council of Ministers – Tahira Tahirova – 1957 • Minister of Education – Sakina Aliyeva – 1958 • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Tahira Tahirova – 1959 • Minister of Higher and Special Education – Zuleikha Ismail-Kyzy Guseinova – 1965 • Minister Social Affairs – L.P. Lykova – 1965 • Secretary of State – Lala Shevket – 1993 • Minister of Justice – Südaba Hasanova −1995 • Vice President of Azerbaijan – Mehriban Aliyeva – 2017 ==Belarus==

Soviet Socialist Republic • Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet – Nadezhda Grigoryevna Grekova – 1938 • Public Commisar of Education – Evdokiya Ilinichna Uralova – 1938 • Deputy Premier Minister for Culture – Nina Leonovna Snezhkova – 1970 • Minister of Food Industry – Ionna A. Stavrovskaia – 1980 ==Belgium==

• Monarch (Count of Flanders) – Margaret I – 1191 • Governor (Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands) – Margaret of Austria – 1507 Kingdom National level • Member of Parliament (Senate) – Marie Janson – 1921 • Mayor – Léonie Keingiaert de Gheluvelt, (Gheluvelt) – 1921 • Member of Parliament (Chamber of Representatives) – Lucie Dejardin – 1929 • Cabinet minister – Family and Housing – Marguerite De Riemaecker-Legot – 1965 • Party leader of major political party – Antoinette Spaak – 1977 • Deputy Prime Minister – Laurette Onkelinx & Isabelle Durant – 1999 • President of the Senate – Anne-Marie Lizin – 2004 • Prime Minister – Sophie Wilmès – 2019 Individual ministries or regions • Minister for Flemish Affairs – Rika De Backer – 1974 • Mayor of Antwerp – Mathilde Schroyens – 1977 • Secretary of State for Brussels Region – Lydia De Pauw – 1979 • Secretary of State for the Dutch-speaking Community – Rika Steyeart – 1979 • Secretary of State for Environment and Social Emancipation – Miet Smet – 1985 • Secretary of State for Pensions – Leona Detiège – 1988 • Minister for Employment and Labour – Miet Smet – 1992 • Minister-President of the French Community – Laurette Onkelinx – 1993 • Minister of Transport – Isabelle Durant – 1999 • President of the Parliament of the French Community – Isabelle Simonis – 2004 • President of the Flemish Parliament – Marleen Vanderpoorten – 2006 • European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility – Marianne Thyssen – 2014 ==Bosnia and Herzegovina==

• Serb Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina – Željka Cvijanović – 2022 • Chairwoman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina – Željka Cvijanović – 2022 • Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers – Borjana Krišto – 2023 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina • President – Borjana Krišto – 2007 • Mayor of Sarajevo – Semiha Borovac – 2005 Republika Srpska National level • Cabinet minister – Finance – Petra Marković – 1992 • President – Biljana Plavšić – 1996 • Vice President of Parliament – Nada Tešanović – 2006 • Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic relations and Regional cooperation – Jasna Brkić – 2006 • Prime Minister – Željka Cvijanović – 2013 Individual ministries • Minister of Finance – Svetlana Cenić – 2004 • Minister of Self-government – Lejla Rešić – 2010 • Minister of Tourism and Trade – Gorana Zlatković – 2010 • Minister of Sport and youth – Nada Tešanović – 2010 • Minister of Justice – Biljana Marić – 2001 • Minister of Justice (Republika Srpska) – Gorana Zlatković – 2011 • Minister of Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology – Srebrenka Golić – 2010 • Minister of Economic regional relations – Željka Cvijanović – 2010 • Minister of Tourism and Trade – Maida Ibširagić Hrstić – 2013 ==Bulgaria==

Kingdom • Regent – Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene – 1271 or Irene Komnene of Epirus – 1246 (disputed) People's Republic • Minister of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones – Tsola Dragoycheva – 1947 • Deputy Minister of Finance – Vera Lukanova – 1954 • Member of the Politburo – Nadya Zenuka Vasileva Zhikova – 1961 • Minister of Culture - Lyudmilla Zhivkova - 1975 • Foreign minister (acting) – Irina Bokova – 1996 • European Commissioner for Consumer Protection – Meglena Kuneva – 2007 • President of the National Assembly – Tsetska Tsacheva – 2009 • Mayor of Sofia – Yordanka Fandakova – 2009 • President – Iliana Iotova – 2026 ==Croatia==

Kingdom • Regent (for Stjepan Držislav) – Jelena of Zadar, Queen of Croatia – 969 (disputed) ===Socialist Republic of Croatia=== • Finance Minister – Anka Berus – 1945 • Prime minister – Savka Dabčević-Kučar – 1967 • President of the Presidency – Ema Derossi-Bjelajac – 1985 Republic National level • Cabinet minister – Minister for Education – Vesna Girardi-Jurkić – 1992 • President of County house of Parliament (Senate) – Katica Ivanišević – 1994 • Vice Prime Minister – Ljerka Mintas-Hodak – 1995 • Prime Minister – Jadranka Kosor – 2009 • President – Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović – 2015 • Mayor of Zagreb – Marina Matulović-Dropulić – 1996 • Minister for European Integration – Ljerka Mintas-Hodak – 1998 • Minister for Science – Milena Žic-Fuchs – 1999 • Minister for Tourism – Pave Župan-Rusković – 2000 • Minister for Defence – Željka Antunović – 2002 • Minister without portfolio – Gordana Sobol – 2002 • Minister for Finance – Martina Dalić – 2010 ==Cyprus==

Kingdom • Regent – Alice of Champagne – 1218 • Monarch – Charlotte of Cyprus – 1458 Republic • Member of the Turkish Communal Chamber – Kadriye Hulusi Hacıbulgur – 1960 • Minister of Justice and Public Order – Stella Soulioti – 1960 • Member of the House of Representatives – Ayla Halit Kazım – 1963 • Mayor of Nicosia – Eleni Mavrou – 2006 • Foreign Minister – Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis – 2007 • European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth – Androulla Vassiliou – 2010 Northern Cyprus unrecognized, secessionist state • Minister of Economy and Finance – Onur Boman – 1993 • Prime Minister – Sibel Siber – 2013 • Foreign Minister – Emine Çolak – 2015 ==Czech Republic==

Duchy of Bohemia • Regent – Ludmila of Bohemia, Duchess Regent of Bohemia – 921 Kingdom of Bohemia • Monarch – Maria Theresa – 1740 === Czechoslovakia (1918–1992) === National level • Members of the first National Assembly: – Božena Ecksteinová, Anna Chlebounová, Irena Káňová, Františka Kolaříková, Luisa Landová-Štychová, Alice Masaryková, Eliška Purkyňová, Božena Viková-Kunětická, Ludmila Zatloukalová-Coufalová, Františka Zeminová – 1918 • Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly – Anežka Hodinová-Spurná – 1945 • Minister of Industry – Ludmila Jankovcová – 1947 • Deputy Prime Minister – Ludmila Jankovcová – 1954 • Speaker of the Chamber of People of the Federal Assembly – Soňa Pennigerová – 1969 • Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of People of the Federal Assembly – Eva Železníková – 1986 • Minister of Post and Telecommunication – Růžena Urbánková – 1969 • Minister of State Audit – Květoslava Kořínková – 1989 Czech Republic (1992–onward) National level • Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies – Petra Buzková – 1996 • Vice-President of the Senate – Jaroslava Moserová – 1996 • Cabinet minister – Minister of Justice – Vlasta Parkanová – 1997 • President of the Senate – Libuše Benešová – 1998 • Vice-President of the Senate – Alena Gajdůšková – 2008 • Governor - Plzeň Region – Milada Emmerová – 2008 • Deputy Prime Minister – Vlasta Parkanová – 2009 • Mayor of Prague (capital) – Adriana Krnáčová – 2014 • European Commissioner for Justice and Consumers – Věra Jourová – 2014 Individual ministries or regions • Minister of Health – Zuzana Roithová – 1998 • Minister of Education, Youth and Sport – Petra Buzková – 2002 • Minister of Information Technologies – Dana Bérová – 2005 • Minister of Agriculture – Milena Vicenová – 2006 • Minister of Culture – Helena Třeštíková – 2007 • Minister of Defense – Vlasta Parkanová – 2007 • Governor of Ústí nad Labem Region – Jana Vaňhová – 2008 • Minister of Environment – Rut Bízková – 2010 • Governor of Central Bohemian Region – Zuzana Moravčíková – 2012 • Minister of Labour and Social Affairs – Ludmila Müllerová – 2012 • Minister of Regional Development – Věra Jourová – 2014 • Governor of Karlovy Vary Region – Jana Vildumetzová – 2016 ==Denmark==

National level • Regent – Margaret Sambiria – 1259 • Monarch – Margaret I – 1387 • Cabinet minister – Education – Nina Bang – 1924 • Speaker of the Landsting, Chamber of Parliament – Ingeborg Hansen – 1950 • European Commissioner for the Environment – Ritt Bjerregaard – 1995 • Lord Mayor of Copenhagen – Ritt Bjerregaard – 2006 • Prime Minister – Helle Thorning-Schmidt – 2011 • Speaker of the Folketing – Pia Kjærsgaard – 2015 Individual ministries or regions • Minister without portfolio – Fanny Jensen – 1947 • Minister for Justice – Helga Pedersen – 1950 • Ministry for Justice (Hjørring Retskreds) – Anne Mette Ovesen – 2003 • Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs – Bodil Koch – 1950 • Mayor of Stege: Eva Madsen (1950) • Minister for Trade – Lis Groes – 1953 • Minister for Economy – Marianne Jelved – 1993 • Minister of Finance – Pia Gjellerup – 2000 • Minister for Agriculture and Food – Mariann Fischer Boel – 2002 • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Lene Espersen – 2010 ===Faroe Islands=== • Minister of Economy, Statistics, Transport and Justice – Jóngerð Purkhús – 1989–1991 • Prime Minister – Marita Petersen – 1993 • Speaker of the Løgting – Marita Petersen – 1994 ===Greenland=== • Foreign minister – Aleqa Hammond – 2007 • Speaker of the Inatsisartut – Ruth Heilmann – 2008 • High Commissioner – Mikaela Engell – 2011 • Prime Minister – Aleqa Hammond – 2013 ==Estonia==

===Danish Estonia=== • Regent – Margaret Sambiria of Denmark – 1259 ===Autonomous Governorate of Estonia=== • Member of the Provincial Assembly – Anna Leetsmann – 1917 ===Republic of Estonia=== • Members of the Constituent Assembly – Emma Asson-Petersen, Marie Helene Aul, Minni Kurs-Olesk, Alma Ostra-Oinas, Johanna Päts, Helmi Press-Jansen and Marie Reisik – 1919 • Members of the Riigikogu – Emma Asson-Petersen and Alma Ostra-Oinas – 1920 • Members of the National Assembly – Linda Marie Eenpalu and Alma Jeets – 1937 • Member of National Council (Second Chamber) – Linda Marie Eenpalu – 1938 ===Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic=== • Minister of Social Welfare – Olga Lauristin – 1944 • Minister of Social Security – Erna Visk – 1958 • Minister of Public Service – Meta Vannas (Jangolenko) – 1967 • Minister of Social Welfare – Siiri Oviir – 1990 • Secretary of State (in Exile) – Katrin Nyman-Metcalf – 1990 • Minister of Justice (in Exile) – Aino Lepik von Wirén – 1990 • Mayor of Tallinn – Ivi Eenmaa – 1995 • County Governor (Tartu County) – Eha Pärn – 2003 (acting governor until 2004) • President of the Riigikogu – Ene Ergma – 2003 • President – Kersti Kaljulaid – 2016 • Election-winning party leader – Kaja Kallas of the Estonian Reform Party – 2019 • Prime Minister – Kaja Kallas – 2021 Individual ministries • Minister of Social Affairs – Marju Lauristin – 1992 • Minister of Reforms – Liia Hänni – 1994 • Minister of Culture – Signe Kivi – 1999 • Minister of Education – Mailis Rand – 2002 • Mayor of Tartu – Laine Jänes – 2003 • Minister of Agriculture – Ester Tuiksoo – 2004 • Members of the European Parliament – Marianne Mikko and Siiri Oviir – 2004 • Minister of Population Affairs – Urve Palo – 2007 • Minister of Environment – Keit Pentus – 2011 • Minister of Foreign Trade and Entrepreneurship – Anne Sulling – 2014 • Minister of Finance – Maris Lauri – 2014 • Chancellor of Justice – Ülle Madise – 2015 • Minister of Entrepreneurship – Ülle Madise – 2015 • Monarch – Margaret I – 1389 • Governor of Turku – Ebba Stenbock (acting interim governor) – 1597 Grand Duchy • Member of Parliament – Miina Sillanpää, Alli Nissinen, Hilma Räsänen, Ida Aalle-Teljo, Anni Huotari, Mimmi Kanervo, Hilja Pärssinen, Maria Raunio, Jenny Upari, Eveliina Ala-Kulju, Hedvig Gebhard, Liisi Kivioja, Iida Vemmelpuu – 1907 Republic National level • Minister of Social Affairs – Miina Sillanpää – 1926 • Deputy Prime Minister of Finland – Tyyne Leivo-Larsson – 1958 • Mayor of Loviisa – Birgitta Landgren – 1973 • Governor of Lapland – Hannele Pokka – 1994 • Speaker of the Parliament – Riitta Uosukainen – 1995 • President – Tarja Halonen – 2000 • Prime Minister – Anneli Jäätteenmäki – 2003 • Mayor of Tampere – Anna-Kaisa Ikonen – 2013 Individual ministries • Minister without portfolio – Hertta Kuusinen – 1948 • Education Minister – Kerttu Saalasti – 1954 • Minister of Justice – Inkeri Anttila – 1975 • Minister of Commerce and Industry – Pirkko Työläjärvi – 1981 • Minister of Interior – Kaisa Raatikainen – 1984 • Defence minister – Elisabeth Rehn – 1990 • Minister of Environmental Affairs – Sirpa Pietikäinen – 1991 • Foreign minister – Tarja Halonen – 1995 • Minister of Transport – Tuula Linnainmaa – 1995 • Mayor of Helsinki – Eva-Riitta Siitonen – 1996 • Minister of Labour – Sinikka Mönkäre – 1999 • Minister of Health and Social Services – Eva Biaudet – 1999 • Minister of Culture – Suvi Lindén – 1999 • Minister of Agriculture – Sirkka-Liisa Anttila – 2007 • Finance minister – Jutta Urpilainen – 2011 ====Åland==== • Lantråd (Premier) – Viveka Eriksson – 2007 • Minister of Migration and European Affairs for Åland Islands – Astrid Thors – 2007–2011 • Member of Parliament in the Åland Islands – Elisabeth Nauclér – 2007 ==France==

National level • Regent – Anne of Kiev – 1060 • Minister of Health – Germaine Poinso-Chapuis – 1947 (first government minister; Simone Veil who held the portfolio between 1974 and 1979 is often incorrectly cited as the first officeholder) • Prefect – Yvette Chassagne (Loir-et-Cher) – 1981 • Mayor of Strasbourg – Catherine Trautmann – 1989 • European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud – Christiane Scrivener – 1989 • Prime Minister – Édith Cresson – 1991 • Mayor of Paris – Anne Hidalgo – 2014 • President of the National Assembly of France – Yaël Braun-Pivet – 2022 Individual ministries or regions • Undersecretary of State for national education – Cécile Brunschvicg – 1936 • Undersecretary of state for Public Health – Suzanne Lacore – 1936 • Undersecretary of state for Science – Irène Joliot-Curie – 1936 • Minister of Labour – Martine Aubry – 1997 • Minister of Culture – Catherine Trautmann – 1997 • Minister of Justice – Élisabeth Guigou – 1997 • Mayor of Lille – Martine Aubry – 2001 • Mayor of Montpellier – Hélène Mandroux – 2004 • Minister of the Overseas – Brigitte Girardin – 2002 • Minister of the Interior – Michèle Alliot-Marie – 2007 • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Michèle Alliot-Marie – 2010 • Minister of Education – Najat Vallaud-Belkacem – 2014 • Mayor of Marseille – Michèle Rubirola– 2020 ==Georgia==

Kingdom • Regent – Mariam of Vaspurakan – 1027 • Monarch – Tamar – 1178–1210 === Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic === • Minister of Trade – Zinaida Arsen'evna Kvachadze – 1957 • Minister of Education – Tamar Lashkarashvili – 1960 • Minister for Foreign Affairs – Salomé Zurabishvili – 2004 • Minister of Economic Development – Ekaterine Sharashidze – 2008 • Minister of Defense – Tina Khidasheli – 1 May 2015 Abkhazia • Minister of Justice – Liudmila Khojashvili – 2005 ==Germany==

Holy Roman Empire • Regent – Adelaide of Italy and Theophanu (co-regents) – 983 Weimar Republic • Weimar National Assembly – 36 women, among them being Marie Baum, Marie Juchacz, Louise Schroeder – 1919 Allied Occupation • Mayor of Berlin – Louise Schroeder – 1947 Democratic Republic • Member of the Presidium of the Volkskammer – Friedel Malter – 1948 • Minister of Justice – Hilde Benjamin – 1953 • President of the Volkskammer and Acting Head of state – Sabine Bergmann-Pohl – 1990 Federal Republic (West) • State secretary of Youth and Family Affairs – Gabriele Wülker – 1957 • Minister of Health – Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt – 1961 • President of the Bundestag – Annemarie Renger – 1972 Federal Republic (United) • Minister of Justice – Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger – 1992 • Minister-President of any German state – Heide Simonis (of Schleswig-Holstein) – 1993 • European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Monika Wulf-Mathies – 1994 • Mayor of Frankfurt – Petra Roth – 1995 • Chancellor – Angela Merkel – 2005 • Minister of Defence – Ursula von der Leyen – 2013 • Minister of Foreign Affairs – Annalena Baerbock – 2021 ==Greece==

Kingdom • Regent – Amalia of Oldenburg – 1850 • Member of Parliament – Eleni Skoura – 1953 • Mayor (Corfu)– Maria Desylla-Kapodistria – 1953 • Government minister and Minister for Social Welfare – Lina Tsaldari – 1956 • European Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs – Anna Diamantopoulou – 1999 • Mayor of Athens – Dora Bakoyannis – 2003 • President of Parliament – Anna Psarouda-Benaki – 2004 • President – Katerina Sakellaropoulou – 2020 Individual ministries • Minister of Justice – Anna Benaki-Psarouda – 1992 • Minister of Education and Religious Affairs – Marietta Giannakou-Koutsikou – 1993 • Minister for Environment – Vassiliki "Vaso" Papandreou – 1999 • Minister for Foreign Affairs – Dora Bakoyannis – 2006 ==Hungary==

Kingdom • Regent – Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary – 1141 • Monarch – Mary of Hungary – 1382 • Monarch – Maria Theresa - 1740 • Member of Parliament – Margit Slachta – 1920 People's Republic • Minister of Health – Anna Ratkó – 1950 • Minister of Light Industry - Józefné Nagy/ Nagy Jolán Szanka - 1955 • Minister of Education – Valéria Benke – 1958 • Speaker of the National Assembly – Erzsébet Metzker Vass – 1963 • Deputy Premier Minister – Csehák Judit – 1984 • Minister for Interior – Mónika Lamperth – 2002 • Minister for Equality – Katalin Lévai – 2004 • Foreign Minister – Kinga Göncz – 2006 • Health Minister – Ágnes Horváth – 2007 • Minister of National Development – Zsuzsanna Németh – 2011 • President – Katalin Novák – 2022 ==Iceland==

Kingdom • Member of a City Council – Bríet Bjarnhéðinsdóttir – 1908 • Member of Parliament – Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason – 1922 Republic • Mayor of Reykjavík – Auður Auðuns – 1960 • Speaker of Parliament (lower house) – Ragnhildur Helgadóttir – 1961 • Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs – Auður Auðuns – 1970 • President – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir – 1980 • Speaker of Parliament (upper house) – Salome Þorkelsdóttir – 1983 • Minister of Education, Science and Culture – Ragnhildur Helgadóttir – 1983 • Minister of Industry – Valgerður Sverrisdóttir – 1999 • Minister for Foreign Affairs – Valgerður Sverrisdóttir – 2006 • Minister of Finance – Oddný Guðbjörg Harðardóttir – 2011 ==Ireland==

Kingdom of Ireland • Queen regnant – Mary I – 1553 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland • Member of parliament – Constance Markievicz – 1918 Free State • Senator (Free State Senate) – Eileen Costello, Alice Stopford Green, Ellen Cuffe and Jennie Wyse Power – 1922 • Leader of a political party – Margaret Buckley – 1937 Ireland (Republic of Ireland) • Senator (Senate of the Republic) – Margaret Mary Pearse, Linda Kearns MacWhinney, Helena Concannon and Margaret L. Kennedy – 1938 • Lord Mayor of Dublin – Kathleen Clarke – 1939 • Lord Mayor of Cork – Jane Dowdall – 1959 • Department of State Secretary-General – Thekla Beere – 1959 • Mayor of Limerick – Frances Condell – 1963 • Council of State Member – Honor Crowley – 1964 • Mayor of Galway – Mary Byrne – 1975 • Minister of State – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1977 • Leader of the Seanad – Gemma Hussey – 1981 • Minister for Education – Gemma Hussey – 1982 • Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann – Tras Honan – 1982 • President – Mary Robinson – 1990 • Minister for Tourism, Transport and Communications – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1992 • Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands – Síle de Valera – 1997 • Minister for Agriculture and Food – Mary Coughlan – 2004 • Government Chief Whip – Mary Hanafin – 2002 • European Commissioner – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 2009 • Attorney General – Máire Whelan – 2011 • Minister for Children and Youth Affairs – Frances Fitzgerald – 2011 • Leader of the Opposition – Mary Lou McDonald – 2020 • Leas-Cheann Comhairle – Catherine Connolly – 2020 • Minister for Rural and Community Development – Heather Humphreys – 2020 • Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade – Helen McEntee – 2025 • Minister for Defence – Helen McEntee – 2025 ==Italy==