The Sermon and The Institute In 1890, when advanced education was often reserved for society's elite, Chicago minister
Frank Wakely Gunsaulus delivered what came to be known as the "Million Dollar Sermon." From the pulpit of his South Side church, near the site Illinois Institute of Technology now occupies, Gunsaulus said that with a million dollars he could build a school where students can learn to think in practical and not theoretical terms; where they could be taught to "learn by doing." Inspired by Gunsaulus' vision,
Philip Danforth Armour, Sr. (1832–1901) gave $1 million to found the
Armour Institute—and Armour, his wife, Malvina Belle Ogden Armour (1842–1927) and their son J. (Jonathan) Ogden Armour (1863–1927) continued to support the university in its early years. Armour claimed it was his best paying investment. When Armour Institute opened in 1893, it offered professional courses in engineering, chemistry, architecture and library science. Illinois Tech was created in 1940 by the merger of Armour Institute and Lewis Institute. Located on the west side of Chicago,
Lewis Institute, established in 1895 by the estate of hardware merchant and investor
Allen C. Lewis, offered liberal arts as well as science and engineering courses for both men and women. At separate meetings held by their respective boards on October 26, 1939, the trustees of Armour and Lewis voted to merge the two colleges. A Cook County circuit court decision handed down on April 23, 1940, solidified the merger of the two schools into the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Mergers and changes The Institute of Design (ID), founded in Chicago by
László Moholy-Nagy in 1937, merged with Illinois Tech in 1949. Chicago-Kent College of Law, founded in 1887, became part of the university in 1969, making Illinois Institute of Technology one of the few technology-based universities with a law school. Also in 1969, the Stuart School of Management and Finance—now known as the Stuart School of Business – was established thanks to a gift from the estate of Lewis Institute alumnus and Chicago financier
Harold Leonard Stuart. The program became the Stuart School of Business in 1999. The Midwest College of Engineering, founded in 1967, joined the university in 1986, giving Illinois Tech a presence in west suburban Wheaton with what is today known as the Rice Campus. In December 2006, the University Technology Park at Illinois Institute of Technology, an incubator and life sciences/tech start-up facility, was started in existing research buildings located on the south end of Mies Campus. , University Tech Park at Illinois Institute of Technology is home to many companies. Today, Illinois Tech is a private, PhD-granting university with programs in engineering, science, human sciences, applied technology, architecture, business, design, and law. It is one of 23 institutions in the
Association of Independent Technological Universities (AITU).
Growth and expansion on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus. Designed by
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in 1956, it was designated a
National Historic Landmark in 2001. Illinois Tech continued to expand after the merger. As one of the first American universities to host a
Navy V-12 program during
World War II the school saw a large increase in students and expanded the Armour campus beyond its original . Two years before the merger, German architect
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe joined the then Armour Institute of Technology to head both Armour's and the
Art Institute of Chicago's architecture program. The Art Institute would later separate and form its own program. Mies was given the task of designing a completely new campus, and the result was a spacious, open, campus set in contrast to the busy, crowded urban neighborhood around it. The first Mies-designed buildings were completed in the mid-1940s, and construction on what is considered the "Mies Campus" continued until the early 1970s. Engineering and research also saw great growth and expansion from the
post-war period until the early 1970s. Illinois Tech experienced its greatest period of growth from 1952 to 1973 under President
John T. Rettaliata, a
fluid dynamicist whose research accomplishments included work on early development of the
jet engine and a seat on the
National Aeronautics and Space Council. This period saw Illinois Tech as the largest engineering school in the United States, as stated in a feature in the September 1953 issue of
Popular Science magazine. Illinois Tech housed many research organizations:
IIT Research Institute (formerly Armour Research Foundation and birthplace of
magnetic recording wire and tape as well as audio and
video cassettes), the
Institute of Gas Technology, and the American Association of Railroads, among others. IIT dormitories Three colleges merged with Illinois Tech after the 1940 Armour/Lewis merger:
Institute of Design in 1949,
Chicago-Kent College of Law in 1969, and Midwest College of Engineering in 1986. Illinois Tech's
Stuart School of Business was founded by a gift from
Lewis Institute alumnus
Harold Leonard Stuart in 1969, and joined Chicago-Kent at Illinois Tech's Downtown Campus in 1992; it phased out its undergraduate program (becoming graduate-only) after spring 1995. (An undergraduate business program focusing on technology and entrepreneurship was launched in fall 2004 and was for a while administratively separate from the Stuart School. It is now part of the school, but remains on Main Campus.) The Institute of Design, once housed on the Mies Campus in
S.R. Crown Hall, also phased out its undergraduate programs and moved downtown in the early 1990s. Although not used in official communication, the nickname "Illinois Tech" has long been a favorite of students, inspiring the name of the student newspaper; (renamed in 1928 from
Armour Tech News to
TechNews), and the former mascot of the university's collegiate sports teams, the Techawks. During the 1950s and 1960s, the nickname was actually more prevalent than "IIT." This was reflected by the
Chicago Transit Authority's
Green Line rapid transit station at 35th and
State being named "Tech-35th", but has since been changed to "
35th-Bronzeville-IIT." In the 2010s, school administrators began a move to reintroduce the "Illinois Tech" nickname, to decrease confusion with the
Indian Institutes of Technology that share the IIT abbreviation and with
ITT Technical Institute whose abbreviation is similar. In June 2020 Illinois Tech launched the College of Computing and the revamped Lewis College of Science and Letters. The College of Computing houses the computer science, applied mathematics, and information technology and management departments, as well as the industrial technology and management program. The revamped Lewis College added the biology, chemistry, food science and nutrition, and physics departments to the remaining humanities, psychology, and social science departments. With the launch of the College of Computing and revamped Lewis College of Science and Letters, the School of Applied Technology and College of Science were dissolved.
Today In 1994 the National Commission on IIT considered leaving Mies Campus and moving to the Chicago suburbs. The
Chicago Housing Authority had erected massive public-housing developments in the area starting in 1941, and by 1990 the campus was encircled by high-rise housing projects rife with crime. The closest high-rise,
Stateway Gardens, was located just south of the Illinois Tech campus boundary, the last building of which was demolished in 2006. But the Dearborn Homes to the immediate north of campus still remain. The 1990s and 2000s saw a redevelopment of Stateway Gardens into a new, mixed-income neighborhood dubbed Park Boulevard; the completion of the new central station of the Chicago Police Department a block east of the campus; and major commercial development at
Roosevelt Road, just north of the campus, and residential development as close as Michigan Avenue on the east boundary of the school. Bolstered by a $120 million gift in the mid-1990s from Illinois Tech alumnus
Robert Pritzker, former chairman of IIT's board of trustees, and
Robert Galvin, former chairman of the board and former Motorola executive, the university has benefited from a revitalization. The first new buildings on Mies Campus since the early 1970s were finished in 2003—Rem Koolhaas's
McCormick Tribune Campus Center and Helmut Jahn's
State Street Village.
S. R. Crown Hall, a
National Historic Landmark, was renovated in 2005, and the renovation of Wishnick Hall was completed in 2007. Undergraduate enrollment has breached 3,000. To further boost their focus on biotechnology and the melding of business and technology, University Technology Park at Illinois Tech, an expansive research park, has been developed by remodeling former
Institute of Gas Technology and research buildings on the south end of Mies Campus. ==Campuses==