By place Europe •
War of the Thuringian Succession: The claims on the
Ludovingians' inheritance after the death of
Henry Raspe, landgrave of
Thuringia, leads to a dispute over the succession territories of Thuringia and
Hesse, between his niece
Sophie of Thuringia and her cousin
Henry III ("the Illustrious"), who claim the territories as fiefs of the
Electorate of Mainz. • Rome becomes 2,000 years old. •
July 2 – King
Béla IV grants territories to the
Knights Hospitaller in the
Banate of Severin and Hungarian
Cumania (according to a document called the
Diploma of the Joannites), makes an early mention of
Litovoi and other
Vlach/Romanian local rulers, in
Wallachia and
Transylvania. • Summer –
Siege of Seville: Castilian forces under King
Ferdinand III ("the Saint") begin to besiege
Seville, the city is isolated and
Ramón de Bonifaz sails with 13 galleys up the
Guadalquivir River to scatter some 40 smaller Almohad ships trying to oppose him (with many destroyed). •
December 1 – A rebellion arises among the Muslim subjects in the region of
Valencia. As a punishment, King
James I of Aragon ("the Conqueror"), issues an order of expulsion of the Muslims from his realm, leading numerous people into exile in
Andalusia and
North Africa.
Levant •
June 17 – Egyptian forces under Sultan
As-Salih Ayyub capture
Tiberias and his castle.
Mount Tabor and
Belvoir Castle are occupied soon afterward. Next, Ayyub moves his army to siege
Ascalon – which is defended by a garrison of Knights Hospitaller. They summon the help from
Acre and
Cyprus. • Summer – King
Henry I ("the Fat") sends a Cypriot squadron of 8 galleys with 100 knights led by
Baldwin of Ibelin, to Acre. With the support of the Italian colonists, they fitted out 7 more galleys and some 50 lighter ships, to relieve the siege at Ascalon – which is now blockaded by the Egyptian fleet. • The Egyptian fleet (some 20 galleys) confronts the Crusader ships led by Baldwin of Ibelin at Ascalon. But before contact is made, it is caught in a sudden Mediterranean storm. Many of the Muslim ships are driven ashore and wrecked; the survivors sail back to
Egypt. •
October 15 – Egyptian forces under As-Salih Ayyub capture Ascalon by surprise – while a battering-ram forces a passageway under the walls right into the citadel. Most of the defenders are massacred, and the remainder of the garrison is taken prisoner.
British Isles •
Battle of Ballyshannon: Norman forces under
Maurice FitzGerald defeat a Gaelic army near
Ballyshannon in northern
Ireland. After the battle, the entire country of
Donegal is devastated and plundered by the Normans. • The
Bethlem Royal Hospital is founded in
London during the reign of King
Henry III. •
Romford (located within
Greater London) is chartered as a market town.
Asia • The
Hōjō clan under
Hōjō Tokiyori destroys the
Miura family; and in doing so, the clan consolidates its authority as
regents in Japan.
By topic Mathematics •
Qin Jiushao, Chinese mathematician, writes the
Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections.
Medicine •
Song Ci publishes the
Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified, a book considered to be the first monographic work on
forensic medicine. == Births ==