By place Europe •
January 22 – Sultan
Muhammad I (or Ibn al-Ahmar) suffers fatal injuries after falling from his horse near the city of
Granada during a minor military expedition. He is succeeded by his son
Muhammad II, who becomes ruler of the
Emirate of Granada. Muhammad enters negotiations with King
Alfonso X ("the Wise") to make peace with
Castile, but he refuses to grant a truce to the Banu governors (
arraeces) of
Málaga and
Guadix in
Andalusia. • Autumn – Sultan Muhammad II of Granada sends an embassy to the court of Alfonso X in
Seville, where it is received with honour. Alfonso agrees to Granada's demands, to end his support for the
Banu Ashqilula, in exchange for the promise that Muhammad becomes Alfonso's vassal. Muhammad pays him 450,000
maravedis each year in
tribute and grants the Banu rebels a truce for two years. •
October 1 –
Rudolf I is elected
King of Germany over the rival candidate
Ottokar II, king of
Bohemia, ending the
Great Interregnum. He is the first of many
Habsburgs to hold the throne and is crowned in
Aachen Cathedral, on
October 24. Ottokar refuses to acknowledge Rudolf as the new ruler and is placed under the
imperial ban, leading to the outbreak of war in
1276. • The , with its decisions (), is the oldest surviving document written by the
Croatian parliament (or Sabor).
Middle East •
July – Mamluk forces under
Baibars capture the last remaining stronghold of the
Order of Assassins (
Hashashin) sect,
Al-Kahf Castle. •
August – Mongol forces surround the castle of
Al-Bira. Baibars skirts around the enemy with camels and wagons. He launches a devastating attack and routes the Mongols. •
December – Followers of Persian poet and mystic
Rumi establish the
Mevlevi Order ("whirling dervishes") in the city of
Konya (approximate date).
Asia •
March 14 –
Battle of Xiangyang: Chinese forces surrender to
Kublai Khan's general
Aju (or Achu) after a 6-year siege. The battle is the first in which firearms are used in combat. • In
Korea, the
Sambyeolcho Rebellion against the
Goryeo dynasty (a
vassal state of the
Yuan dynasty) ends as rebel forces are defeated.
By topic Art and Science • The
Holy Redeemer khachkar, believed to be one of the finest examples of that style of art, is carved in
Haghpat (modern
Armenia).
Economy • Alfonso X creates and grants privileges to the
Mesta to promote the
wool industry, protecting
livestock owners and their animals in the
Crown of Castile.
Religion •
October 6 –
Thomas Aquinas, Italian priest and theologian, writes
Summa Theologica, a master work of Catholic theology, leaving it
unfinished, after having a
mystical experience during
Mass. == Births ==