By place Byzantine Empire •
March 21 – Emperor
Heraclius returns the
True Cross, one of the holiest Christian
relics, to
Jerusalem. He tries to promote
Monothelitism, which is rejected by the Christians. • Heraclius issues a
decree that all Jews must become Christian; a
massacre follows around Jerusalem and in
Galilee (
Israel), some survivors fleeing to the
Daraa area. •
Chorpan Tarkhan, general of the
Khazars, invades and devastates
Roman Armenia. He defeats a Persian cavalry force (10,000 men) sent by
Shahrbaraz to repel the invasion.
Central America •
October 1 –
Tajoom Ukʼab Kʼahkʼ, the
ruler of the Mayan city state of
Calakmul in southern
Mexico dies after a reign of eight years and is succeeded by
Cauac, who reigns until 636.
Scandinavia •
Yngling King
Olof Trätälja founds a
colony in
Värmland. He is expelled from his native
Västergötland (in modern-day
Sweden) (according to the
Ynglingatal).
Britain • King
Ricberht of East Anglia dies and is succeeded by
Sigeberht, who returns from exile in France. He rules together with his kinsman
Ecgric, re-establishing
Christianity. • King
Penda of Mercia besieges
Exeter in southwest England. King
Cadwallon ap Cadfan of
Gwynedd lands with a force nearby, and negotiates an
alliance with Penda. •
Eanswith, daughter of King
Eadbald of Kent, founds the
Benedictine Folkestone Priory, the first
nunnery in England.
Persia •
April 27 – King
Ardashir III, age 9, is murdered after an 18 month reign. He is succeeded by Shahrbaraz who becomes ruler (
shah) of the
Sasanian Empire. •
June 9 – Shahrbaraz is killed and succeeded by
Borandukht, daughter of former king
Khosrow II. She ascends the
throne as 26th monarch of
Persia, before being deposed in favour of
Shapur-i Shahrvaraz, whose brief reign is then followed by that of her sister
Azarmidokht.
Arabia •
January –
Battle of Hunayn: Muhammad defeats the
Bedouin tribe of
Hawazin (12,000 men) in a valley, on one of the roads leading to
Ta'if (Western
Arabia). •
February 5 –
Siege of Ta'if:
Muhammad begins to besiege Ta'if and brings
battering rams and
catapults to suppress the fortress city, but is unable to penetrate it. •
December 11 –
Conquest of Mecca: A Muslim army (10,000 men) marches on
Mecca, which surrenders.
Muhammad takes the city from the
Quraysh Asia •
Illig Qaghan, ruler (
khagan) of the
Eastern Turkic Khaganate, is captured by
Li Jing during the
Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks.
By topic Religion •
Xuanzang, Chinese
Buddhist monk (
bhikkhu), travels across the
Gobi Desert to
Kumul. Following the
Tian Shan mountain range of Central Asia westwards, he arrives in
Turpan. == Births ==