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Hypothetical Axis victory in World War II

A hypothetical military victory of the Axis powers over the Allies of the Second World War (1939–1945) is a popular topic in the alternate history subgenre of speculative fiction and in scholarly works that discuss the possible alternative path of history. Works of alternative history (fiction) and of counterfactual history (non-fiction) include stories, novels, performances, and mixed media that often explore speculative public and private life in lands conquered by the coalition, whose principal powers were Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan.

Depictions of the Axis powers
'' 26 January 1941 claims that "National Socialism is the guarantor of victory". Themes Helen White stated that a hypothetical world in which Nazi Germany won the Second World War is a harsher and grimmer place to live in than the real world, where Nazi Germany and the Axis Powers lost the War in 1945. Speculative literature about hypothetical military victories by the Axis Powers have generally been English-language literary work from the British Commonwealth and the United States as such protagonists tend to experience events from the perspective of military defeat and foreign military occupation. The literary tone of alternative history fiction presents the military victory of the Axis Powers as a melancholy background against which the reader sees the unfolding of political plots in a socially strained atmosphere of foreign occupation and socio-economic domination. The social story of SS-GB (1978) by Len Deighton concludes with a US commando raid into Nazi-occupied Great Britain to rescue British nuclear scientists, while the British Resistance remains hopeful of eventual military liberation by the United States. In Clash of Eagles (1990), by Leo Rutman, the people of New York City rebel against the Nazi occupation of the US. Some depictions focus on Nazism's contradictions, suggesting that even with military triumph, the system would eventually start to collapse under its own weight. In Fatherland (1992), by Robert Harris, the Greater German Reich faces economic crisis, forcing Hitler to pursue rapprochement with the US; at the story's conclusion, the protagonists thwart this effort by exposing the Holocaust to the American people. Harry Turtledove's In the Presence of Mine Enemies (2003) presents the Nazi world two generations after their victory in WWII, in a time and place that allowed political liberalization and democratization. The Hearts of Iron IV mod The New Order: Last Days of Europe shows the Reich declining thanks to economic stagnation and hostile relations with its former allies. Another example can be found in Wolfenstein: Youngblood plot, set in an alternative 1980s; high-ranking SS generals are seeking to establish a Fourth Reich to replace the unstable and corrupt Reich after it lost most of its power due to the liberation of America and the demise of Nazi leaders such as the fictional Deathshead and Frau Engel, as well as Hitler himself, in the 1960s. Early depictions The novel Swastika Night (1937) presents the post-war world born from the victory of the Axis Powers: a dictatorship characterized by much "violence and mindlessness" which are justified by "irrationality and superstition". On 19 February 1942, the Canadian government staged a simulated Nazi German invasion and occupation of the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, and surrounding areas known as If Day (French: Si un jour, lit. 'If one day'). It was organized as a war bond promotion by the Greater Winnipeg Victory Loan organization. The event was the largest military exercise in Winnipeg to that point. Organizers believed that the fear induced by the event would help increase fundraising objectives. Activities included a staged firefight between Canadian troops and volunteers dressed as German soldiers, the internment of prominent politicians, the imposition of Nazi rule, a fly-over, and a parade. The event was a success and over $3 million was collected in Winnipeg on that day. The novel We, Adolf I (1945) presents a Nazi victory in the Battle of Stalingrad which allowed Hitler to crown himself emperor of the world. In Berlin, the Nazis build an imperial palace featuring architectural elements of the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty. In the course of the story, the despot Hitler enters a dynastic marriage with the Japanese Imperial princess in an effort to produce a Fascist heir to rule the world after Hitler. The stage play Peace in Our Time (1947) by Noël Coward explores the nature of fascist rule in London and examines the deleterious effects of military occupation upon the mental health of the common man and the common woman. As a playwright, Coward was included in the Gestapo's Black Book of enemies-of-the-state to be arrested upon completion of Operation Sea Lion, the Nazi conquest of Great Britain. • Philadelphia Experiment II (1993) • Fatherland (1994), based on the 1992 novel • Jackboots on Whitehall (2010) • Resistance (2011) Television television series The Man in the High Castle; the occupation of major Allied cities by Axis powers is commonly depicted in works about a hypothetical Axis victory. • The Other Man (1964) • Star Trek: The Original Series: "The City on the Edge of Forever" (1967) • Doctor Who: "Inferno" (1970) • ''An Englishman's Castle'' (1978) • Darkroom: "Stay Tuned, We'll Be Right Back" (1981) • Justice League: "The Savage Time" (2002) • Star Trek: Enterprise: "Zero Hour" / "Storm Front" (2004) • Misfits: Season 3, Episode 4 (2011) • The Man in the High Castle (2015–2019), an Amazon Studios series based on the 1962 novelDanger 5: "Welcome to Hitlerland" (2015) • Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.: "Days of Future Smash, Part 4 - The Hydra Years" (2015) • SS-GB (2017), a BBC miniseries based on the 1978 novelCrisis on Earth-X (2017), a four-part Arrowverse crossover event between Supergirl, Arrow, The Flash, and Legends of TomorrowPeacemaker: "Ignorance Is Chris" / "Like a Keith in the Night" (2025) Comics • "Blitzkrieg 1972", issue 155 of The Incredible Hulk (September 1972) depicts an alternate timeline where Nazis led by Captain Axis are attempting to invade New York City and battle an outnumbered U.S. Army assisted by the Hulk. • The 1988 manga Kerberos Panzer Cop and related media in Mamoru Oshii's Kerberos saga depict an alternate universe where Nazi Germany develops "Protect Gear" powered exoskeletons early into the war, defeating the Allies and managing to occupy the Empire of Japan (part of the Allies in the saga's timeline). However, the 20 July plot succeeds, and the regime succeeding Hitler purges Nazism from the German Reich and restores the Weimar Republic, though authoritarianism is suggested to remain the dominant ideology. • In the 2003–2004 Captain America story arc Cap Lives (Captain America Vol. 4, issues 17–20), Captain America awakens from suspended animation in 1964 to find that, due to a temporal anomaly, Nazi Germany has won World War II and conquered much of the world, including the United States. After dropping a nuclear bomb on the U.S., Nazi Germany took control of North America, renaming New York City as "New Berlin" and declaring it the capital of Nazi America. Alongside American resistance fighters, Captain America fights against the New Reich and succeeds in returning to the timeline in which he is originally meant to be. • In DC Comics, Earth-X is an alternative Earth in which the Nazis developed the atomic bomb before the U.S. and won World War II. • In the A-Next comic series by Marvel Comics, an alternate reality designated as Earth-9907 is depicted, in which the Red Skull survived and assumed leadership of the failing Third Reich, leading it into total world domination. • The 2003 graphic novel The Life Eaters is an adaptation and expansion of Thor Meets Captain America. Video gamesRocket Ranger (as a background story/alternate reality) by Cinemaware (1988) • Turning Point: Fall of Liberty by Spark Unlimited (2008) • Battlestations: Pacific by Eidos Interactive (2009) • Wolfenstein: The New Order by MachineGames (2014) • Wolfenstein: The Old Blood (2015) • Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus (2017) • Wolfenstein: Youngblood (2019) • Wolfenstein: Cyberpilot (2019) • We Happy Few (2018), a survival game set in an alternate mid-1960s England after the successful occupation of the country by Nazi Germany. • Among the many alternate history timelines featured in the GURPS role-playing game Infinite Worlds is the highly dangerous timeline known as Reich-5, the worst of several Nazi-victorious alternate histories. • In the grand strategy wargame Hearts of Iron IV by Paradox Interactive, many conversion mods set in a world with an Axis victory have been created. • The New Order: Last Days of Europe (abbreviated as TNO), a mod for Hearts of Iron IV taking place after the Axis Powers won World War II where an alternate three-way Cold War is fought between Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and the United States by 1962. The mod has received praise for its rich storytelling and its dark and gloomy atmosphere. • Thousand Week Reich, presents a German victory in World War II. In its timeline, the Germans capture the British Expeditionary Force at Dunkirk coupled with a collapse in public morale after the fall of France and the seemingly unending aerial war over the Battle of Britain, causes the British to sign an armistice with Germany in early 1941. Germany then is able to conquer the western portion of the Soviet Union following a long conflict. The Allies (at peace with Germany) are able to win against Japan in the Pacific. The mod begins with a Cold War between the United States, Germany and India in 1952. == Hypothetical German victory in World War I ==
Hypothetical German victory in World War I
A similar but less frequent theme are alternate histories describing a hypothetical victory of Imperial Germany in World War I. The first of this kind was When William Came (full name: When William Came: A Story of London Under the Hohenzollerns) written by British author Saki (the pseudonym of Hector Hugh Munro) and published in November 1913, thus at the time a future history rather than alternate history. Correctly predicting a war between Britain and Germany (in which Saki himself would be killed), the book assumes that Germany would win and impose a harsh occupation regime on the defeated Britain. A much later example is Harry Turtledove's Curious Notions, describing a world dominated into the late 21st Century by the descendants of Kaiser Wilhelm II, who promote monarchies everywhere and preserve Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire as German satellites. In the book, the people of the occupied United States, like the rest of the world, are harshly oppressed by an omnipresent German secret police, similar to the role of the Gestapo in Nazi victory scenarios, but without the influence of Nazi ideology. In the alternate timeline of Keith Laumer's Worlds of the Imperium, Imperial Germany won the First World War but failed to consolidate its victory, with a chaotic and highly destructive war, and eventually, a nuclear war, continuing to sweep the planet for generations. Philip José Farmer's The Gate of Time mentions, but does not describe in detail, an alternate timeline in which Kaiser Wilhelm IV (rather than Adolf Hitler) controls an expansionist, imperialist Germany in this world's Second World War. The alternate history mod Kaiserreich, Legacy of the Weltkrieg of the video game Hearts of Iron IV also covers a world where Germany won World War I, as the United States never joins the Entente. Causing Germany to gain territory in Central Africa and Eastern Europe, securing their gains under the Reichspakt military alliance and the Mitteleuropa economic alliance. The British and French mainlands were taken over by syndicalist revolutionaries, while their governments remain in exile in Canada and Algeria respectively. Italy is divided between a syndicalist government in the north, the Two Sicilies in the south, the Papal State in Rome, and the Austrian-supported Italian Republic in Lombardy and Venetia. Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire survive the war and Bulgaria gains territory from Serbia, Greece, and Romania. The Russian Civil War still occurs, but ends in the victory of the White movement. The United States continues to be in an economic depression by 1936, and will eventually fall into a four way civil war between syndicalists under John Reed, a military junta of the federal government under Douglas MacArthur, a longist government under Huey Long, and the Pacific states under many different leaders. ==See also==
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