Vaudeville Around 1920 at age 12, Berle made his stage debut in a revival of the musical comedy
Florodora in
Atlantic City, New Jersey, which later moved to
Broadway. By the time he was 16, he was working as a master of ceremonies in vaudeville. He is also known to have played small bit parts in several silent films in the 1910s and 1920s, although his presence in some is disputed (see Filmography, below). In 1932, he starred in
Earl Carrol's Vanities, a Broadway musical. By the early 1930s, he was a successful stand-up comedian, patterning himself after one of vaudeville's top comics,
Ted Healy.
Rising star In 1933, Berle was hired by producer
Jack White to star in the theatrical featurette ''Poppin' the Cork
, a topical musical comedy concerning the repealing of Prohibition. Berle also co-wrote the score for this film, which was released by Educational Pictures. Berle continued to dabble in songwriting: with Ben Oakland and Milton Drake, he wrote the title song for the RKO Radio Pictures release Li'l Abner'' (1940), an adaptation of
Al Capp's comic strip, featuring
Buster Keaton as Lonesome Polecat. Berle co-wrote a
Spike Jones B-side, "Leave the Dishes in the Sink, Ma".
Radio From 1934 to 1936, Berle appeared frequently on
The Rudy Vallee Hour and attracted publicity as a regular on
The Gillette Original Community Sing, a Sunday night comedy-variety program broadcast on CBS from September 6, 1936, to August 29, 1937. In 1939, he was the host of ''
Stop Me If You've Heard This One with panelists spontaneously finishing jokes sent in by listeners. with studio audience members acting out long-suppressed urges—often directed at host Berle. Kiss and Make Up'' on CBS in 1946 featured the problems of contestants decided by a jury from the studio audience with Berle as the judge. Berle also made guest appearances on many comedy-variety radio programs during the 1930s and 1940s. Scripted by
Nat Hiken and
Aaron Ruben,
The Milton Berle Show also featured
Arnold Stang, later a familiar face as Berle's TV sidekick. Others in the cast were
Pert Kelton, Mary Schipp,
Jack Albertson,
Arthur Q. Bryan,
Ed Begley, Brazilian singer
Dick Farney and announcer
Frank Gallop. Sponsored by
Philip Morris, it aired on NBC from March 11, 1947, until April 13, 1948. It ran for an additional season (with new sponsor
Texaco), keeping the same format but running concurrently with Berle's better known TV series, from September 22, 1948, to June 15, 1949. He would return to television 20 years later. Berle would revive the structure and routines of his vaudeville act for his debut on commercial TV, hosting The
Texaco Star Theatre on June 8, 1948, over the
NBC Television Network. They did not settle on Berle as the permanent host right away; he was originally part of a rotation of hosts (Berle himself had only a four-week contract).
Jack Carter was the host for August. Berle was named the permanent host that fall. Berle's highly visual style, characterized by vaudeville slapstick and outlandish costumes, proved ideal for the new medium. Berle modeled the show's structure and skits directly from his vaudeville shows and hired writer Hal Collins to revive his old routines. Berle dominated Tuesday night television for the next several years, reaching the number one slot in the
Nielsen ratings with as much as a 97% share of the viewing audience. Berle and the show each won
Emmy Awards after the first season. Fewer movie tickets were sold on Tuesdays. Some theaters, restaurants, and other businesses shut down for the hour or closed for the evening so their customers would not miss Berle's antics. Television sales more than doubled after
Texaco Star Theatre's debut, reaching two million in 1949. Berle's stature as the medium's first superstar earned him the sobriquet "Mr. Television".
Francis Craig and
Kermit Goell's "
Near You" became the theme song that closed Berle's TV shows. Berle risked his newfound TV stardom at its zenith to challenge Texaco when the sponsor tried to prevent black performers from appearing on his show: I remember clashing with the advertising agency and the sponsor over my signing
the Four Step Brothers for an appearance on the show. The only thing I could figure out was that there was an objection to black performers on the show, but I couldn't even find out who was objecting. "We just don't like them," I was told, but who the hell was "we?" Because I was riding high in 1950, I sent out the word: "If they don't go on, I don't go on." At ten minutes of eight—minutes before showtime—I got permission for the Step Brothers to appear. If I broke the color-line policy or not, I don't know, but later on, I had no trouble booking
Bill Robinson or
Lena Horne. Berle's mother Sadie was often in the audience for his broadcasts; she had long served as a "plant" to encourage laughter from his stage show audiences. A frequent user of tranquilizers, Berle frequently endorsed
Miltown on his show and became one of its leading advocates in 1950s America. Due to his promotion of the drug, Berle was dubbed "Uncle Miltown" by
Time magazine. For Berle's contribution to television, he was inducted to the
Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Berle's imperious, abrasive and controlling manner on the show was the inspiration for the 1957
CBS Playhouse 90 production of "
The Comedian". starring
Mickey Rooney as egomanaical TV comic Sammy Hogarth, who ran his weekly show through explosive tantrums, intimidation, bullying and cruelty. Writer
Ernest Lehman had been assigned to profile Berle for a magazine, and captured Berle's high-handedness so completely that the magazine declined to run it, but suggested he fictionalize it and recast it as a novella. When it was picked up for the show,
Rod Serling wrote the teleplay.
John Frankenheimer directed the live production which received considerable acclaim. The cast included
Edmond O'Brien,
Kim Hunter and jazz singer
Mel Tormé in his first dramatic role, portraying Hogarth's spineless brother Lester. While some speculated the play was based on
Jackie Gleason's loud, controlling personality, Berle, aware the production echoed his own reputation, was quoted as saying, "I wasn't that bad". The episode won two
Emmy Awards.
TV decline In 1951, NBC signed Berle to an unprecedented 30-year exclusive television contract. He would receive more than a million dollars over its term simply as a retainer, with any activities as "actor, producer, writer, or director" calling for "additional compensation." In 1953, Texaco pulled out of sponsorship of the show but
Buick picked it up, prompting a renaming as
The Buick-Berle Show. The program's format was changed to include the backstage preparations for the variety show. Critics generally approved of the changes, but Berle's ratings continued to fall, and Buick pulled out after two seasons. In addition, "Berle's
persona had shifted from the impetuous and aggressive style of the
Texaco Star Theater days to a more cultivated but less distinctive personality, leaving many fans somehow unsatisfied." The final straw during that last season may have come from CBS's scheduling
The Phil Silvers Show opposite Berle. Silvers was one of Berle's best friends in show business and had come to CBS's attention in an appearance on Berle's program. ''Bilko's'' creator-producer, Nat Hiken, had been one of Berle's radio writers. Berle knew that NBC had already decided to cancel his show before Presley appeared. He later hosted the first television version of the popular radio variety series, The
Kraft Music Hall from 1958 to 1959, but NBC was finding increasingly fewer showcases for its one-time superstar. By 1960, he was reduced to hosting a
bowling program,
Jackpot Bowling, delivering his quips and interviewing celebrities between the efforts of that week's bowling contestants.
Life after The Milton Berle Show '' In Las Vegas, Berle played to packed showrooms at
Caesars Palace,
the Sands, the
Desert Inn, and other casino hotels. Berle had appeared at the
El Rancho, the first Las Vegas Strip full service resort, starting in the late 1940s. In addition to constant club appearances, Berle performed on
Broadway in
Herb Gardner's
The Goodbye People in 1968. He also became a commercial spokesman for the thriving
Lum's restaurant chain. He appeared in numerous films, including
Always Leave Them Laughing (released in 1949, shortly after his TV debut) with
Virginia Mayo and
Bert Lahr; ''
Let's Make Love with Marilyn Monroe and Yves Montand; It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World;
The Loved One;
The Oscar;
Who's Minding the Mint?;
Lepke;''
Woody Allen's
Broadway Danny Rose; and
Driving Me Crazy. Freed in part from the obligations of his NBC contract, Berle was signed in 1966 to a new weekly variety series on
ABC. Unrelated to the 1950s Texaco Star show, the new 1966 ABC series, also called
The Milton Berle Show, made its debut on September 9, 1966, and ABC announced its cancellation within two months. The show failed to capture a large audience and was canceled after half a season, with the final show running on January 6, 1967. Berle later appeared as guest villain
Louie the Lilac on ABC's
Batman series. Other appearances included stints on
The Barbara Stanwyck Show,
The Lucy Show,
The Jackie Gleason Show,
Get Smart,
Laugh-In,
The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour,
The Hollywood Palace,
Ironside,
F Troop,
Fantasy Island,
The Mod Squad,
I Dream of Jeannie,
CHiPs,
The Muppet Show, and
The Jack Benny Program. Like his contemporary
Jackie Gleason, Berle proved a solid dramatic actor and was acclaimed for several such performances, most notably his lead role in "Doyle Against the House" on
The Dick Powell Show in 1961, a role for which he received an
Emmy nomination. He also played the part of a blind survivor of an airplane crash in
Seven in Darkness, the first in ABC's
Movie of the Week series. He also played a dramatic role as a
talent agent in
The Oscar (1966) and was one of the few actors in that movie to get good notices from critics. During this period, Berle was named to the
Guinness Book of World Records for the greatest number of charity performances made by a show-business performer. Unlike the high-profile shows done by
Bob Hope to entertain the troops, Berle did more shows, over a period of 50 years, on a lower-profile basis. Berle received an award for entertaining at stateside military bases in
World War I as a child performer, in addition to traveling to foreign bases during
World War II and the
Vietnam War. The first charity
telethon (for the
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation) was hosted by Berle in 1949. A permanent fixture at charity benefits in the Hollywood area, he was instrumental in raising millions for charitable causes.
Late career On April 14, 1979, Berle guest-hosted NBC's
Saturday Night Live. Berle's long-standing reputation for taking control of an entire television production—whether invited to do so or not—was a cause of stress on the set. In addition, he appeared skeptical about the show's satirical bent. One of the show's writers,
Rosie Shuster, described the rehearsals for the Berle
SNL show and the telecast as "watching a comedy train accident in slow motion on a loop." Upstaging, camera mugging, doing
spit-takes, inserting old comedy bits, and climaxing the show with a maudlin performance of "
September Song" complete with a pre-arranged standing ovation (something producer
Lorne Michaels had never sanctioned) resulted in Berle being banned from hosting the show again. The episode was also barred from being rerun until surfacing in 2003 because Michaels thought it brought down the show's reputation. As a guest star on
The Muppet Show, Berle was upstaged by the heckling theater critics
Statler and Waldorf. The
Statler and Waldorf puppets were reportedly inspired by a recurring character named Sidney Spritzer, portrayed by comedian Irving Benson, who regularly heckled Berle from a theater box seat during episodes of
The Milton Berle Show in the 1960s. Berle later made a cameo appearance in
The Muppet Movie (1979), playing a used car salesman who trades
Fozzie Bear’s 1951
Studebaker for a station wagon. In 1974, Berle had a minor altercation with a younger actor/comedian
Richard Pryor when both appeared as guests on
The Mike Douglas Show. At the time, Berle was discussing the emotional fallout from an experience he had with impregnating a woman to whom he was not married, having to then decide whether or not they would keep the child. During his talk, Pryor let out a laugh, to which Berle took exception and confronted him, stating, "I wish, I wish, Richard, that I could have laughed at that time at your age when I was your age, the way you just laughed now, but I just couldn't ... I told you this nine years ago, and now I'll tell you on the air in front of millions of people: Pick your spots, baby." This prompted Pryor to mockingly quip back, "All right, sweetheart" in a Humphrey Bogart voice. in 1989 Another well-known incident of upstaging occurred during the 1982
Emmy Awards, when Berle and
Martha Raye were the presenters of the Emmy for Outstanding Writing. Berle was reluctant to give up the microphone as the award's numerous recipients from
Second City Television (SCTV) flooded the stage. Berle interrupted actor/writer
Joe Flaherty's acceptance speech several times, with comments like, "Hurry up, we're 15 minutes over." After Flaherty made a joke about the size of the
SCTV crew rivaling
Hill Street Blues, Berle replied sarcastically, "That's funny." Flaherty's follow-up response of "Sorry, Uncle Miltie ... go to sleep," flustered Berle. In 1984, Berle appeared in
drag in the video for
"Round and Round" by the 1980s metal band
Ratt (his nephew Marshall Berle was then their manager). He also made a brief appearance in the band's "Back For More" video as a motorcyclist. In 1985, he appeared on NBC's
Amazing Stories (created by
Steven Spielberg) in the episode "Fine Tunin'". In it, friendly aliens from space receive TV signals from the Earth of the 1950s and travel to
Hollywood in search of their idols,
Lucille Ball,
Jackie Gleason,
The Three Stooges,
Burns and Allen, and Milton Berle. When Berle realizes the aliens are doing his old material, Uncle Miltie is thunderstruck: "Stealing from Berle? Is that even possible?" Speaking gibberish, Berle is the only person able to communicate directly with the aliens. One of Berle's most popular performances in his later years was guest-starring in 1992 in
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air alongside
Will Smith as womanizing, wise-cracking patient Max Jakey. Most of his dialogue was improvised and he shocked the studio audience by mistakenly blurting out a curse word. He also appeared in an acclaimed and Emmy-nominated turn on
Beverly Hills, 90210 as an aging comedian befriended by
Steve Sanders, who idolizes him, but is troubled by his bouts of senility due to
Alzheimer's disease. He also voiced the Prince of Darkness, the main antagonist in the Canadian animated television anthology special
The Real Story of Au Clair De La Lune. He appeared in 1995 as a guest star in an episode of
The Nanny as her lawyer and great uncle. In 1994, Berle released a fitness videotape titled "Milton Berle's Low Impact/High Comedy Workout" which was targeted towards seniors. Berle was again on the receiving end of an onstage gibe at the 1993
MTV Video Music Awards when
RuPaul responded to Berle's reference to having once worn dresses himself (during his old television days) with the quip that Berle now wore diapers. A surprised Berle replied by recycling a line he had delivered to
Henny Youngman on his
Hollywood Palace show in 1966: "Oh, we're going to
ad lib? I'll check my brain and we'll start even." ==Berle offstage==