Redruth

The form Unyredruth (Euny being the patron saint) is recorded in 1563. Earlier forms are Ridruthe (1259), Rudruth (1283) and Riddruth (1291). The name Redruth derives from its older Cornish name, , meaning 'red ford' — literally 'ford-red': the first syllable means 'ford'; the second means 'red'. It is therefore the and not the part of the name which means the colour red. is the older form of , which is a Cornish equivalent to a ford (across a river), a common Celtic word: Old Cornish , Welsh (Old Welsh ), Old Breton or , Gaulish , all from Indo-European derived word in from the root , 'to cross, to go through', Proto-Germanic (English ford, German ), Latin , all cognate to the Celtic word. Béroul's features a location in Cornwall called in Norman French, 'red cross' in English. ==Geography==

Redruth forms the eastern part of a loose conurbation which stretches to Camborne, to the west. At the 2011 census, the Office for National Statistics defined what it called the Redruth built up area, which extended to Camborne and had a population of 42,690, making it the largest built up area in Cornwall. Cornwall Council similarly defined what it called "Camborne/Pool/Redruth", which had a population of 55,400 in 2011. Following a change in methodology for the 2021 census, Redruth is now considered a separate built up area by the Office for National Statistics, with a population of 15,455. ==History==

mineral specimen from Huelvor near Redruth. Hand-colored copper-plate engraving by James Sowerby, 1807. Traditionally in the Penwith Hundred, the town has developed away from the original settlement, which was near where the present Churchtown (around St. Euny's Church) district of Redruth stands today. This location is a steeply wooded valley, with Carn Brea on one side and the now-called Bullers Hill on the other. The presence of shallow lodes of tin and copper lying east to west made it an advantageous site for extracting metals, including, tin, lead and copper. The first settlers stayed by a crossing in the river and started extracting metal ores, and this process turned the colour of the river red. Historically, Redruth was a small market town overshadowed by its neighbours until a boom in the demand for copper ore during the 18th century. Copper ore had mostly been discarded by the Cornish tin-mining industry but was now needed to make brass, an essential metal in the Industrial Revolution. Surrounded by copper ore deposits, Redruth quickly became one of the largest and richest mining areas in Britain and the town's population grew markedly, although most miners' families remained poor. Redruth was connected to the electric telegraph network in 1863 when the Electric and International Telegraph Company opened stations at Truro, Redruth, Penzance, Camborne, Liskard and St Austell. In the 1880s and 1890s the town end of Clinton Road gained a number of institutions, notably a School of Mines and Art School in 1882–83, St. Andrew's Church (replacing the chapel in Chapel Street) in 1883 and, opposite, the Free Library, built in 1895. The Mining Exchange was built in 1880 as a place for the trading of mineral stock. By the end of the 19th century, the Cornish mining industry was in decline and Britain was importing most of its copper ore. To find employment, many miners emigrated to the newer mining industries in the Americas, Pachuca, Mexico, Australasia and South Africa. By the turn of the 20th century, Victoria Park had been laid out to commemorate the Golden Jubilee and this part of town had taken on its present appearance – a far cry from the jumble of mining activity that had taken place there in the early 19th century. Redruth was making its transition from a market town dominated by mines and industry to a residential centre. Cornwall's last fully operational mine, South Crofty at Pool between Redruth and Camborne, closed in March 1998. ==Governance==

There are two tiers of local government covering Redruth, at parish (town) and unitary authority level: Redruth Town Council and Cornwall Council. The town council is based at the Civic Centre on Alma Place. The building had been completed in 1880 and was originally the Redruth District Bank and the town's main post office. The building now serves both as the town council's headquarters and a library. Since the 2010 general election the town has formed part of the Camborne and Redruth constituency. The seat was won at the 2024 general election by Perran Moon of the Labour Party. Administrative history Redruth was an ancient parish in the Penwith Hundred of Cornwall. In 1837 the Redruth poor law union was created, grouping several parishes around Redruth together for the purposes of administering their responsibilities under the poor laws. They built a workhouse just west of Redruth in 1838, which eventually became the Camborne Redruth Community Hospital. In 1853 the parish of Redruth was made a local board district, administered by an elected local board. Such local board districts were reconstituted as urban districts under the Local Government Act 1894. The 1894 Act also established rural districts based on the poor law unions; the parts of the Redruth poor law union that were not included in urban districts became the Redruth Rural District. Redruth Urban District Council established its headquarters in a former bank at 2 Station Hill, remaining there until the council's abolition. Redruth Urban District was abolished in 1934. The area was then merged with the abolished urban district of Camborne, the parish of Illogan and parts of the parishes of Gwennap and Wendron to become the new Camborne–Redruth Urban District. Camborne-Redruth Urban District Council based itself in Camborne. Camborne–Redruth Urban District was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, when the area became part of the Kerrier district. The area of the pre-1974 Camborne-Redruth Urban District became an unparished area at the time of the 1974 reforms. Eight new civil parishes were subsequently created in 1985 covering the area of the former urban district, including one called Redruth. The new parish council adopted the name Redruth Town Council. ==Education==

Redruth School, a Technology College, is a secondary school, for ages 11–16. It used to have a sixth form, for students aged 16 to 18, however, it closed applications for new students in 2016 and officially closed in 2020 due to funding cuts. The town used to have a coeducational independent school, Highfields Private School, but it closed in 2012. Primary schools within the town include Pennoweth School, Treleigh School, Treloweth Community Primary School, Trewirgie Infant School and Trewirgie Junior School. The Curnow Community Special School caters for students with special needs. The Passmore Edwards Free Library was built in 1894. Its architect was James Hicks who used a castellated baronial style; there is a prominent octagonal tower. The reading room was once the school of Thomas Collins, where Collins, who had been headmaster of Trewirgie School, taught local children and the children left behind by parents who had emigrated overseas. The former School of Science and Art is also the work of James Hicks; the later additions were built for the School of Mines. ==Notable buildings==

The Parish Church of St Uny, which is some distance from the town centre, is of Norman foundation but was rebuilt in 1756; it is grade II* listed. The patron saint is also honoured at Lelant. The tower is two centuries earlier and the whole church is built of granite. A chapel of ease was built in the town in 1828 but it is no longer in use. The parish of St Euny is part of a group ministry with the parishes of Pencoys, Lanner and Treleigh. Other places of worship include the Wesleyan Church of 1826, the Free Methodist Church of 1864 (in grand Italianate style) and the Quaker Meeting House of 1833 (no longer in use). Murdoch House The house now called Murdoch (or, sometimes Murdock) House in the middle of Cross Street was erected in the 1660s as a chapel and it afterwards became a prison. William Murdoch lived in it from 1782 to 1798. During this time, he worked on local tin and copper mines, erecting engines on behalf of Boulton and Watt. He fitted the house out with gas lighting from coal gas – this was the first house in the world with this type of lighting. In the 19th century, the house was used as a tea room, run by a Mrs Knuckey. In 1931 Mr A. Pearce Jenkin, a leading citizen of Redruth purchased the house and gave it as a gift to the Society of Friends (Quakers). Murdoch House has since been fully restored and is now regularly used by the Redruth Old Cornwall Society, as well as the Cornish-American Connection and the Redruth Story Group. Next door are St. Rumon's Gardens. Kresen Kernow Kresen Kernow, on the site of Redruth Brewery, houses the archives and collections of the former Cornwall Records Office and Cornish Studies Library. It also holds the Cornwall Tapestries (the work of the Tregellas Foundation) which depict the history of Cornwall in embroidery. Tin Miner Statue A bronze sculpture of a Cornish miner by artist David Annand standing at 6 feet 7 inches was erected in April 2008. The sculpture was commissioned by the Redruth Public Realm Working Party's Mining Art Group in response to comments received during the consultation process, that the town did not have anything to represent the history of the men who worked down the tin and copper mines in the area. David Annand was selected from over 70 artists who responded to an advert placed by Cornwall Arts Centre Trust, the project managers, for expressions of interest in August 2006. ==21st century==

) Redruth is a small commercial town. It is twinned with Plumergat and Meriadec in Brittany, France; Mineral Point, Wisconsin in the United States; and Real del Monte in Mexico. A museum organised by the Old Cornwall Society is housed in the town council office at the bottom of the main street. It is home to Cornwall's first ILR radio station, Pirate FM. On 20 June 2008, the town held its first regular farmers' market in Market Place: the market will now be held every Friday throughout the year. Town centre shopping Key shops and other outlets within the town centre include a multi-screen cinema, a covered market way, an old butter market, various antique shops, a second hand book shop and two supermarkets, plus Greens Newsagents, and the local cash and carry Jims. Off the main street (Fore Street), there are two separate specialist shopping areas, Bond Street (to the south of the railway station) and Green Lane to the north. Street landscaping Street landscaping in Redruth includes wooden seating, with granite furniture, signposts, street lights and litter bins, and two sets of bronze 'dogs', which were cast from the boots of former tin miners by sculptor David Kemp. The town has a burgundy colour theme, which is in the public realm regeneration work to highlight the town's name. A project to light various public buildings around the town with LED coloured lights has already begun. Some of the buildings opposite the railway station and St Rumon's Gardens have now (April 2008) been completed. Environment awards On 7 November 2007, Redruth jointly won (with Luton) the annual UK town centre environment awards, which are run by the BCSC (a retail property consortium). The judges praised the cast bronze 'dogs' and also liked the large amount of work that had been done to the town in terms of landscaping the central area (mainly Fore Street and the opes, i.e. alleys). Heartlands visitor park Just outside the town is a European funded visitor attraction, themed on the Robinson Shaft Mine, it offers parking, an adventure play ground for older children and a pleasant restaurant. At times the last working Cornish pumping engine can be seen working. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage. ==Transport==

Redruth is an important transport hub for the area. Train The railway station is a railhead for both Helston and the Lizard. The railway station is served by Great Western Railway (GWR) operated trains from Paddington, South Wales, and the Midlands. Bus There are frequent buses connecting the three places. Bus services to the town are provided by Go Cornwall Busand Hopley's Coaches, all under the Transport for Cornwall scheme. Road Redruth is next to the main A30 road and thus has access to the main route out of the county as well as routes to the far West, North Cornwall, South East Cornwall and Plymouth. Another road, the A393, bisects the town in a north–south direction, and links the A30 with the port of Falmouth. A third road, the A3047, links Redruth with Camborne, some four miles () to the west. The Barncoose by-pass connects between the Redruth Community Hospital and the Barncoose Industrial Estate. It is intended to reduce HGV traffic using the main Camborne road and provide a direct access to the Industrial Estate. It did, however, provoke some controversy, as some residents in Barncoose lost their parking spaces to make way for the new road. It was extended further towards Camborne in 2016. ==Sport==

Redruth Rugby Football Club currently play in National League 2 South (tier 4 of rugby union in England). Players such as Phil Vickery, Rob Thirlby and Richard Sharp OBE have played for the club. A resident of Clinton Road with his mother and brother Nigel, he represented Redruth, Cornwall, and England, leading his country to the Five Nations title in 1963. Redruth football club has not enjoyed as much success but still thrives in its regular fixtures. On the high street there is a Tang Soo Do (Korean Karate) and Kickboxing Academy named ISK Martial Arts. Duchy Hockey Club are based at Pool Academy on the outskirts of Redruth and compete in the West of England regional leagues. Redruth Cricket Club currently consists of 4 Men's playing XIs, one women's XI and multiple youth sides. Redruth First XI play in the Cornwall Cricket League ECB Premier League, coming second in the 2019 season. The Second XI placed second in County League One, the second division of Cornish Cricket, in the same year. Many other venues started to be used in the 1800s onwards such as South Turnpike, and the Recreation Ground/football ground. In 1887, Redruth hosted 2 challenge matches for the world title in Cornish wrestling at the recreation ground. In July, John Pearce drew with Jack Carkeek from the US. The results of the fight were disputed and at a later brawl in a hotel between the two, Carkeek bit off Pearce's ear. In August, Carkeek defeated Philip Hancock, although there were accusations that Hancock threw the fight. In 1889, Redruth hosted the tournament for "Championship of World", where many wrestlers descended on Redruth, including Carkeek, who eventually won. The Interceltic games were held in Redruth in 1933 and 1972. Men from Redruth were very successful in Cornish wrestling throughout the world. ==Notable people==

, 2018 MP, 2024 • Thomas Haweis (c.1734–1820), a Church of England cleric and a leading figure of the 18th century evangelical revival. • William Pryce (1735–1790), medical man, antiquary, promoted the Cornish language and mining. • Henry Roach (1808–1889), a miner, captain of the Burra mine in South Australia from 1847 to 1867. • John Gray (1817–??), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly • John Passmore Edwards (1823–1911), Victorian philanthropist and journalist. born in nearby Blackwater. • Harriet Carne (1831–1931), Canadian businesswoman, philanthropist, centenarian, born in Redruth • Nicholas Trestrail (1858–1922), mining engineer who designed Harvey's Engine, a Cornish beam engine • Fanny Moody (1866–1945), soprano, known as The Cornish Nightingale • Sidney Toy (1875–1967), architect and architectural historian • Hilda Moody (1876–1961), soprano and actress • Harold Hayman (1894–1966), politician, MP for Falmouth and Camborne, 1950-1966. • E. Florence Whitlock (1889–1978), composer and conductor • A. K. Hamilton Jenkin (1900–1980), a Cornish bard and historian • Svetlana Alliluyeva (1926–2011), daughter of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin • Charles Thomas (1928–2016), historian and archaeologist • David Menhennet (1928–2016), former librarian of the House of Commons Library • Ann Trevenen Jenkin (1930–2024), writer, librarian and activist for Cornish independence. • D. M. Thomas (born 1935), poet, novelist, translator, biographer and playwright. • Benjamin Luxon (1937–2024), baritone and narrator • Peter Bayley (1944–2018), scholar of French literature, born and educated in Redruth. • Alan Opie (born 1945), a baritone opera singer. • Mick Fleetwood (born 1947), drummer and co-founder of the band Fleetwood Mac • Vice Admiral Sir Adrian Johns (born 1951), former senior officer in the Royal Navy, the Governor of Gibraltar, 2009/2013. • Tamsin Wilton (1952–2006), a lesbian activist, and the UK’s first Professor of Human Sexuality. • Stephen Frost (born 1955), actor, writer and comedian • Rory McGrath (born 1956), actor, writer and comedian • Dame Kristin Scott Thomas (born 1960), actress • Mark Prisk (born 1962), politician and MP for Hertford and Stortford from 2001 until 2019. • Louise Casey, Baroness Casey of Blackstock (born 1965), a crossbench peer and current British government official • Richard David James (born 1971), musician and DJ, also known as Aphex Twin, attended Redruth School • Perran Moon (born 1970), politician and MP for Camborne and Redruth since July 2024 • Ben Salfield (born 1971), lutenist, guitarist and composer, • Luke Vibert (born 1973), musician and electronic music producer • Hedluv + Passman (launched 2007), inventors of Casio Rap Performing arts Actress Kristin Scott Thomas (born 1960), electronic musician Luke Vibert (born 1973), baritone Benjamin Luxon (1937–2024), opera singer Alan Opie(born 1945), record producer and broadcaster Tris Penna, and the co founder of and drummer with Fleetwood Mac, Mick Fleetwood (born 1947), were all born here. The writer and comedian Rory McGrath (born 1956) was born here and educated at the town's secondary school, Cornish artist Jonathan Polkest studied art at The Redruth School of Art, the musician Aphex Twin (born 1971) grew up near Redruth. Luke Vibert (born 1973) has released an album called Chicago, Detroit, Redruth and has also recorded under the alias Kerrier District; a reference to name of the district in which Redruth is located. Hedluv + Passman (formed 2007) both grew up in Redruth, and wrote the song "'druth" in tribute to the town. The traditional Cornish dance and music group, Hevva is based in Redruth. Sport • James Davey (1880–1951), rugby union player and team silver medallist at the 1908 Summer Olympics • Bert Solomon (1885–1961), rugby union player, played 26 games for Cornwall and one for England • John Collins (born 1928), former rugby union player. played 3 games for England. • Richard Sharp (1938–2025), rugby union player, played 28 games for Cornwall and 14 for England • Peter Tregloan (born 1957), former title holding strongman and powerlifter. • Rob Thirlby (born 1979) rugby union player who had played 74 games and received call ups for England ==Twinning==

Redruth is twinned with: • Plumergat et Meriadec, Brittany, France • Mineral Point, Wisconsin, United States • Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico ==See also==