1100 • (Date unknown).
Peter I of Aragon recaptures the Aragonese city of
Barbastro, making it a bishopric seat.
1102 • 5 May. Valencia taken by the Moors under
Mazdali ibn Tilankan. • 11 September. Responding to increased Moorish raids into his lands,
Ramon Berenguer III attacks and is defeated at the
Battle of Mollerussa. The Catalonian
Ermengol V of Urgell is killed. , by
Francisco Pradilla Ortiz 1104 • 28 September.
Alfonso I of Aragon (Alfonso the Battler) becomes king after the death of his brother
Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona. He also served as the first
king of Navarre.
1106 • (Date unknown).
Ali ibn Yusuf becomes ruler of the
Almoravid dynasty. • (Date unknown). The city of
Balaguer and its citadel are captured from the
Almoravids, with forces led by
Ermengol VI of Urgell and
Pedro Ansúrez.
1107 • Autumn. The
Norwegian Crusade led by
Sigurd the Crusader begins with attacks on Iberia.
1108 • 29 May. The Moors defeat the forces of
Alfonso VI of León and Castile at the
Battle of Uclés. The Castilians lose Alfonso VI's son
Sancho Alfónsez,
Martín Flaínez and
Fernando Díaz. • Autumn. With the death of his only son, Alfonso VI names his daughter
Urraca as his legitimate heir and marries her to
Alfonso I of Aragon in early 1109.
1109 • 1 July. With the death of her father Alfonso VI,
Urraca of León and Castile becomes queen. • Later.
Coria falls to the Moors. • (Date unknown). The
Norwegians take control of the city from the Moors after the
Siege of Lisbon. • (Date unknown).
Sigurd the Crusader attacks
Formentera in the
Balearic Islands.
1110 realm in 1118 • 24 January.
Battle of Valtierra is fought between forces from
Navarre and
Zaragoza. The Navarrese defenders were victorious and the king of Zaragaoza,
al-Musta'in II, was killed. • May.
Urraca and
Alfonso I of Aragon separate.
1111 • 25 May. The Moors under
Syr ibn Abi Bakr attack the
County of Portugal and succeed in the
Capture of Santarém, overwhelming the forces of
Henry of Portugal. • 26 October. The forces of
Alfonso I of Aragon defeats those of
Urraca at the
Battle of Candespina. Urraca's lover
Gómez González is killed, to be replaced by
Pedro González de Lara. • Late Autumn. Alfonso I defeats the
Kingdom of Galicia, allies his estranged wife
Urraca, at the
Battle of Viadangos. Urraca's son and co-ruler,
Alfonso VII of León and Castile escapes. • August.
William V of Montpellier, as part of this expedition, captures
Majorca from the Moors.
1117 • 2 June.
Ali ibn Yusuf fails in his attempt to capture the city in the second
Siege of Coimbra. The city's defense was mounted by
Theresa of Portugal, the half-sister of
Urraca. • (No earlier than).
Liber maiolichinus de gestis Pisanorum illustribus is written, detailing the
Balearic Islands Expedition. • (Date unknown).
Crónicas anónimas de Sahagún is written by the monks of
Sahagún describing the early reign of
Urraca of León and Castile,.
1118 • Early. Pope
Gelasius II grants a
Crusade bull to
Alfonso I of Aragon after he undertook to an operation reconquer
Zaragoza. • (Date estimated).
Historia silense is written, providing a narrative history of the Iberia from the time of the Visigoths to the first years of the reign of
Alfonso VI of León and Castile.
1119 • (Date unknown).
Alfonso I of Aragon conquers the city in the second
Siege of Tudela. First Crusade veterans
Rotrou III of Perche and
Centule II of Bigorre participated in the siege, and Rotrou III became lord of the city.
1120 . • June. defeats the
Almoravids at the
Battle of Cutanda. • 24 June.
Alfonso I of Aragon successfully leads the
Siege of Calatayud. • (Date unknown).
William IX of Aquitaine joins forces with the Castilians in an unsuccessful effort to take
Cordoba. • (Date unknown).
Ramon Berenguer III achieves the
reconquest of Tarragona.
1121 • (Date unknown).
Almohad Caliphate founded under
Ibn Tumart.
1122 • (Date unknown).
Callixtus II declares a crusade in Spain.
1123 • 18 March. The
First Council of the Lateran rules that the crusades to the Holy Land and the
Reconquista of Spain were of equal standing, granting equal privileges.
1124 • Not earlier than.
Historia Roderici, an early history of
El Cid, is written.
1125 • 2 September.
Alfonso I launches the
Granada campaign to attempt to capture the city. He is supported by
Gaston IV of Béarn,
Centule II of Bigorre and
Rotrou III of Perche.
1126 • 8 March.
Alfonso VII of León and Castile becomes
Imperator totius Hispaniae upon the death of his mother
Urraca. • 10 March. As part of the
Granada campaign, the
Aragonese forces led by
Alfonso the Battler defeat the
Almoravids at the
Battle of Arnisol. • 23 June.
Ali ibn Yusuf stops the
Granada campaign from meeting its objectives. • (Date approximate).
Anales castellanos segundos was written.
1127 • June. The
Peace of Támara is signed which delimited the territorial domains of
Alfonso I of Aragón and
Alfonso VII of Castile.
1130 • May. The Moors defeat Aragon at the
Battle of Valencia. The viscount
Gaston IV of Béarn is killed in the fighting. • October.
Alfonso I of Aragon launches the
Siege of Bayonne against the Aquitainian city of
Bayonne defended by
William X of Aquitaine. The siege was lifted after a year without success.
1131 • (Date unknown). The Castilians are defeated by the
Almoravids at the
Battle of Alamín.
1133 • January–September. The first
Andalusian campaign led by
Alfonso VII of León and Castile with the support of
Zafadola and
Rodrigo González de Lara against the
Almoravids was successful although no territory was occupied. • (Date unknown).
Abd al-Mu'min becomes the first ruler of the
Almohad dynasty.
1134 • March.
Tashfin ibn Ali defeats a Castilian raiding party at the
Battle of Badajoz. • 17 July. Moors defeat
Alfonso I of Aragon at the
Battle of Fraga. Christian casualtites included
Guy of Lescar (captured) and among the killed were
Aimery II of Narbonne,
Centula VI of Béarn and
Bertrán de Risnel. • 11 September.
Alfonso I of Aragon dies and is succeeded by
Ramiro II of Aragon and
García Ramírez of Navarre in those territories as
Navarre gains its independence. He is succeeded by
Alfonso VII of León and Castile as
Imperator totius Hispaniae alongside his mother
Urraca.
1137 • 13 November.
Petronilla of Aragon becomes queen after the abdication of her father
Ramiro II of Aragon. She was the last ruling member of the
Jiménez Dynasty.
1138 • July. At the first
Siege of Coria,
Alfonso VII of León and Castile fails in his attempt to take the city, an action in which his general
Rodrigo Martínez was killed. • 25 July.
Afonso Henriques defeats the Moors at the
Battle of Ourique. • Shortly thereafter.
Kingdom of Portugal is declared and Alfonso Henriques becomes
Afonso I of Portugal. • Date approximate. The historical chronicle of Galicia
Historia Compostelana is written.
1140 • Summer.
Alfonso I of Portugal defeats his cousin
Alfonso VII of León and Castile at the
Battle of Valdevez. • (Approximate). The Castilian epic poem about
El Cid,
Cantar de mio Cid, is written. • (Approximate). The
Chanson de Guillaume, a
chanson de geste about
William of Gellone, is written.
1142 • May – June.
Alfonso VII of León and Castile takes the city from the Moors in the second
Siege of Coria. • (Date unknown).
Peter the Venerable commissions the first Latin translation of the Quran,
Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete. This becomes part of the
Corpus Cluniacense. 1143 • 1 March.
Muño Alfonso and an army of knights from
Ávila,
Segovia, and
Toledo defeats Moors at the
Battle of Montiel. • 5 October. The
Treaty of Zamora officially recognizes the independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León.
1144 • (Date unknown). The first stronghold of the
Knights Templar is established in the
Kingdom of León and Castile.
1145 • 1 December. Pope
Eugene III issues the bull
Quantum praedecessores calling for the
Second Crusade.
1146 • 5 February. The
Castilians defeat
Sayf al-Dawla at the
Battle of Albacete. • May.
Alfonso VII of León and Castile is successful in his
Siege of Córdoba, forcing
Yahya ibn Ghaniya, the
Almoravid governor of
Al-Andalus, to become a vassal of Alfonso. • (Date unknown). The
Military Order of Aviz, a body of Portuguese knights, is founded to fight the Moors. • (Date unknown). The
Almohads arrive in Iberia, leading to the
Almohad wars.
1147 • 15 March.
Afonso I of Portugal completes the
Conquest of Santarém. • Spring.
Eugene III extends the
Second Crusade to Iberia. • April. Emir
Ishaq ibn Ali, the last of the
Almoravid rulers, dies, and the
Almohads seize control of the Moorish principalities in Iberia. The Almohads then transferred the capital of Muslim Iberia from
Córdoba to
Seville. (1917). • 1 July – 25 October. In one of the few successes of the
Second Crusade, Crusaders led by
Hervey de Glanvill and
Arnout IV of Aarschot, in concert with
Afonso I of Portugal, defeat the Moors at the second
Siege of Lisbon. • July – 17 October. The forces of
Alfonso VII of León and Castile are successful in the
Siege of Almería. They were supported by
Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona. • Approximate.
De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, an account of the second
Siege of Lisbon, is written.
1148 • 1 July – 30 December.
Ramon Berenguer IV leads a multi-national force in the successful
Siege of Tortosa as part of the
Second Crusade.
1149 • Summer/Fall.
Eugene III sends Englishman Nicholas Breakspear (the future pope
Adrian IV) on a mission to Catalonia. • 24 October.
Lérida falls to forces from Barcelona under
Ramon Berenguer IV. • Later. The women of
Tortosa were honored with the formation of the
Order of the Hatchet.
1150 • 21 November.
Sancho VI of Navarre (the Wise) becomes king.
1153 • (Date unknown).
Eugene III again authorizes a crusade in Spain.
1154 • (Date unknown). The chronicle
Crónica de Alaón renovada written.
1157 • 21 August.
Alfonso VII of Léon and Castile dies.
Castile and
Léon are divided, ruled by his sons
Sancho III of Castile (who also rules
Toledo) and
Ferdinand II of León (who also rules
Galicia). • No earlier than. The
Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris is written. It is later appended by the
Prefatio de Almaria. • (Date unknown). Pope
Adrian IV rejects the calls for a crusade in Spain made by
Henry II of England and
Louis VII of France. • Later. Sworn enemies of the
Almohads,
Ibn Mardanīš (the Wolf King) and his stepfather
Ibrahim ibn Hamusk allied with
Alfonso VIII of Castile and laid siege on Córdoba by 1158–1160, ravaging the surroundings but failing to take the city.
1164 • 18 July.
Alfonso II of Aragon becomes king under the regency of his mother
Petronilla, ushering in the rule of the
House of Barcelona in Aragon. • 26 September. Pope
Alexander III recognizes the
Order of Calatrava.
1165 • 15 October. The invading
Almohads led by the brothers of caliph
Abu Yaqub Yusuf defeat the
Taifa of Murcia under
Ibn Mardanīš at the
Battle of Fahs al-Jullab.
1166 • September.
Évora taken by Portuguese warrior and folk hero
Gerald the Fearless.
1169 • 21 May. The Moors, supported by
Ferdinand II of León, defeat
Afonso I of Portugal and
Gerald the Fearless at the
Siege of Badajoz.
1170 • (Date unknown). The
Order of Santiago (Order of Saint James of Compostela) is founded to defend Christianity and expel the Moors from Iberia.
1172 • (Date unknown). The
Military Order of Saint James of the Sword is founded in Portugal.
1174 • (Date unknown). The
Order of Mountjoy is founded by
Rodrigo Álvarez to protect Christian pilgrims in the Iberian Peninsula.
1175 • (Date unknown). Pope
Alexander III calls for a crusade in Spain.
1177 • 6 January – 21 September. The Christians are successful in their
Conquest of Cuenca. • (Date unknown).
Alexander III recognizes the
Order of Alcántara (Knights of St. Julian), founded in León in 1166.
1178 • May–July. The Portuguese conduct the
Triana raid against
Extremadura and
Alentejo.
1179 • 23 May.
Alexander III issues the bull
Manifestis Probatum, recognizing
Alfonso I of Portugal as king.
1184 • June–July.
Abu Yaqub Yusuf crosses the straits of Gibraltar and marched inland. He was stopped by
Afonso I of Portugal and
Ferdinand II of León at the
Siege of Santarém. Abu Yaqub Yusuf was killed during the siege and was succeeded by his son
Yaqub al-Mansur. • (Date unknown). The first version of the
Gesta comitum Barcinonensium is written.
1185 • 6 December.
Sancho I of Portugal (the Populator) becomes king. • Approximate. The chronicle of Portuguese history
Chronicon Lusitanum is written.
1187 • 29 October. Pope
Gregory VIII issues the bull
Audita tremendi calling for the
Third Crusade.
1188 • 22 January.
Ferdinand II of León dies and is succeeded by his son
Alfonso IX of León.
1189 • June. A
Holy Roman Empire fleet, supported by
Denmark and
Flanders, en route to the Holy Land stop in the
Algarve and attack the castle there in the
Alvor massacre. • 21 July – 3 September.
Sancho I of Portugal teams with Crusaders en route to the Holy Land defeat the Moors at the
Siege of Silves. The siege is later documented in the
Narratio de itinere navali and
Epistola de morte Friderici imperatoris, and started the
Almohad campaign against Portugal. 1190 • Spring. A northern fleet en route to the Holy Land fought a battle with the
Moors and is defeated at the
Strait of Gibraltar. • 13–19 July. The
Knights Templar under
Gualdim Pais successfully repel the Moors at the
Siege of Tomar.
1191 • 12 May.
Berengaria of Navarre marries
Richard the Lionheart in Cyprus. She was the eldest daughter of
Sancho VI of Navarre and
Sancha of Castile.
1193 • (Date unknown). Pope
Celestine III calls for a crusade in Spain.
1194 • 27 June.
Sancho VII of Navarre (the Strong) becomes king, the last of the
Jiménez dynasty. • (Date unknown). The
Chronica Naierensis is written.
1195 • 18 July. The
Almohads led by caliph
Yaqub al-Mansur attacked the
Kingdom of Castile at the
Battle of Alarcos. Castilian forces led by
Alfonso VIII of Castile and
Diego López II de Haro were defeated, retreating to
Toledo as the Almohads reconquered
Trujillo,
Montánchez, and
Talavera. Castilian rebels led by
Pedro Fernández de Castro supported the Moors. • Later.
Alfonso IX of León invades Castile and is excommunicated by
Celestine III.
1196 • 25 April.
Peter II of Aragon becomes king.
1197 • (Date unknown).
Celestine III again calls for a crusade in Spain. • (Date unknown). Knights of the
Order of Calatrava take
Salvatierra Castle from the Moors, holding it until 1211. • (Date unknown).
Alfonso IX of León marries
Berengaria of Castile. == 13th century ==