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Civil Services Examination

The Civil Services Examination is a standardised test in India conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for recruitment to higher civil services in the Government of India, such as the All India Services, Diplomats and Central Civil Services. It is considered to be one of the toughest examination in the world.

List of services
Those who pass the Civil Service Examination may be selected to join the following services: ;All India ServicesIndian Administrative Service (IAS) • Indian Police Service (IPS) ;Central Civil Services (Group A) • Indian Foreign Service (IFS) • Indian Audit and Accounts Service (IAAS) • Indian Civil Accounts Service (ICAS) • Indian Corporate Law Service (ICLS) • Indian Defence Accounts Service (IDAS) • Indian Defence Estates Service (IDES) • Indian Information Service (IIS) • Indian Postal Service (IPoS) • Indian P&T Accounts and Finance Service (IP&TAFS) • Indian Railway Protection Force Service (IRPFS) • Indian Revenue Service (IRS) • Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax) (IRS-IT) • Indian Revenue Service (Custom & Indirect Taxes) (IRS-C&IT) • Indian Railway Management Service (IRMS) • IRMS TrafficIRMS AccountsIRMS PersonnelIndian Trade Service (ITrS) ;Central Civil Services (Group B) • Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services (AFHQCS) • Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Civil Service (DANICS) • Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police Service (DANIPS) • Pondicherry Civil Service (PONDICS) • Pondicherry Police Service (PONDIPS) Previously, passing the Civil Services Examination also allowed candidates to join the Central Secretariat Service (CSS), Indian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS) and the engineering services of Indian Railway Management Service (IRMS) cadre i,e IRSEE, IRSME, IRSE, IRSSE for the period of 4 years (2021–2025). Later the IRMS Engineering services remerged into the UPSC ESE examination since 2026. ==Process==
Process
Every year, the UPSC releases the notification for the Civil Services Examination between January and February. The application process for the Preliminary examination also occurs during this period. Admit cards for the Prelims are typically issued 1–2 weeks prior to the examination. The Preliminary examination is generally conducted on the last Sunday of May, with results being declared within 2–3 weeks, usually in June or July. Since 2025, the schedule for the Mains examination has been shifted from September to August. The Mains examination is conducted over a span of five days, spread across two weeks. Results for the Mains are generally announced within 2–3 months; in 2025, the results were declared in November. Candidates who qualify are then allowed to make corrections and update information in the Common Application Form, CAF (formerly known as the Detailed Application Form, DAF), including service preferences, interests, hobbies, and achievements. The Personality Test (Interview) is usually conducted between December and February, and the final results are typically released in March or April. After the final result of the successful candidates and other necessary formalities, the training program i,e the Foundation Course for the selected candidates usually commences the following July–August or sometimes September in Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration. ==Eligibility==
Eligibility
Eligibility for the examination is as follows: Nationality • For the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Foreign Service (IFS); the candidate must be a citizen of India. • For other services, the candidate must be one of the following: • A citizen of India. • A citizen of Nepal or a subject of Bhutan. • A Tibetan refugee who settled permanently in India before 1 January 1962. • A person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia or Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India. Educational qualification All candidates must have as a minimum one of the following educational qualifications: • Candidates who have passed the final exam of the MBBS degree but have not yet completed an internship. • Candidates who have passed the final exam of ICAI, ICSI and ICWAI. • A degree from a private university. • A degree from any foreign university recognized by the Association of Indian Universities. Age The candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 32 years (for the General category candidate) on 1 August of the year of examination. Prescribed age limits vary with respect to caste reservations. • For Other Backward Castes (OBC) the upper age limit is 35 years. • For Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST), the limit is 37 years. • For Defence Services Personnel disabled in operations during hostilities, the limit is 40 years. • For Candidates belonging to ex-servicemen including Commissioned officers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered military services for at least five years as of 1 August, of the year and have been released • For PWD candidates, the limit is 37 years. • For Domiciles of Jammu and Kashmir from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 1989, the limit is 32 years. • For the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) category, the standard age limits apply. Number of attempts The number of times a candidate can appear for the exam are given below. • General category candidates – 6 Restrictions on Applying for the Civil Services Examination (since CSE-2026) IAS/IFS from previous exams • A candidate who is already appointed to the IAS or IFS from an earlier exam and continues to be a member of that service, is not eligible to appear for CSE-2026. • If such a candidate is appointed to IAS or IFS after the Preliminary Examination-2026 but continues in service, they shall not be eligible for the Main Examination-2026 even if qualified in Prelims. • '''Candidates allocated IPS or Central Group 'A' through CSE-2026''' : These candidates can appear in CSE-2027, if otherwise eligible, subject to the following: • They must obtain one-time exemption from joining training for the service allocated through CSE-2026 to appear in CSE-2027. • They shall join only the Foundation Course (FC) training. • If they are not allocated any service in CSE-2027, they can join the service allocated through CSE-2026. • If they want to use remaining attempts after the one-time exemption, they must not join any service allocated from CSE-2026 or CSE-2027; such allocation shall be automatically cancelled. • Candidates allocated service in CSE-2025 or earlier are given one-time opportunity to appear in CSE-2026 or CSE-2027 to utilize remaining attempts without resigning. To appear in CSE-2028 or later, they must resign from the allocated service. ==Preliminary==
Preliminary
The pattern of the Preliminary examination, also known as the Prelims exam up to 2010 was based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1979). It included two examinations, one on general studies worth 150 marks, and the second on one of 23 optional subjects worth 300 marks. Until 2011, when it was revamped, the preliminary pattern was sustained with only minor changes once every ten to fifteen years. Both papers have multiple-choice objective type questions only. In May 2015, the Government of India announced that Paper II of the preliminary examination would be qualifying in nature i.e. it will not be graded for eligibility in the Mains Examination and a candidate will need to score at least 33% to be eligible for grading based on marks of Paper I of the Preliminary Examination. Those who qualify in the Prelims become eligible for the Mains. ==Mains==
Mains
The Civil Services Mains Examination consists of a written examination and an interview. However, after some controversy, the qualifying papers for Indian languages and English were restored. 1.The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for candidates hailing from the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim. List of languages The examination is available in the following languages, with the name of the script in parentheses: • Assamese (Assamese) • Bengali (Bengali) • Bodo (Devanagari) • Dogri (Devanagari) • English (English) • Gujarati (Gujarati) • Hindi (Devanagari) • Kannada (Kannada) • Kashmiri (Persian) • Konkani (Devanagari) • Maithili (Devanagari) • Malayalam (Malayalam) • Manipuri (Bengali) • Marathi (Devanagari) • Nepali (Devanagari) • Odia (Odia) • Punjabi (Gurumukhi) • Sanskrit (Devanagari) • Santhali (Devanagri or Ol Chiki) • Sindhi (Devanagari or Arabic) • Tamil (Tamil) • Telugu (Telugu) • Urdu (Persian) Optional subjects The subjects available for Papers VI and VII are: • AgricultureAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary ScienceAnthropologyBotanyChemistryCivil EngineeringCommerce and AccountancyEconomicsElectrical EngineeringGeographyGeologyHistoryLawLiterature of any one of the languages listed above • ManagementMathematicsMechanical EngineeringMedical SciencePhilosophyPhysicsPolitical Science and International RelationsPsychologyPublic AdministrationSociologyStatisticsZoology == See also ==
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