Ancient Tagalog deities documented by the Spaniards •
Arao (
Araw = sun) – According to
Juan de Plasencia, the ancient Tagalogs worshiped the
sun on account of its beauty. When it rains with sunshine and the sky is somewhat red, they say that the
anitos get together to give them war. And they are, and with great fear, and neither women nor children allow them to come down from the houses, until it clears and the sky becomes clear. During
solar eclipse (
limlim), the sun was said to cover its face, no special ceremony is reported unlike in the case of lunar eclipse. •
Alagaca (
Alagaka) – The protector of hunters. •
Alpriapo (The priapus) – An idol mentioned by an anonymous contemporary of Plasencia: "They worshiped idols which were called
Alpriapo,
Lacapati, and
Meilupa, but God has, in His goodness, enlightened them with the grace of His divine gospel, and they worship the living God in spirit." The Spanish term
Alpriapo "the priapus" is left untranslated. Apparently the Spanish chronicler did not know the Tagalog name of this deity. They could be referring to
Dian Masalanta. •
Amanicable (
Ama-ni-Kable = father of
Kable) – The advocate and protector of hunters. In ancient Tagalog customs, the first son or daughter gave the surname to the parents, e.g. Amani Maliuag, Ynani Malacas, "the father of Maliuag," "the mother of Malacas." Therefore,
Amanicable could be the surname of either
Paglingñalan or
Alagaca or both if they are identical. •
Amansinaya (
Amang Sinaya = father of
Sinaya) – The advocate of fishermen, who is said to be the inventor of fishing gear. Before casting their nets or fishing lines, the fishermen would first whistle and then pray to
Amansinaya saying, "
Kasumpa ako, naway diriyan" which meant "I am your sworn friend, let it be there", in reference to the fish. According to San Buenaventura dictionary (1613), the meaning of
Amansinaya is "Father of sinaya" (
Padre de sinaya). In ancient Tagalog customs, the first son or daughter gave the surname to the parents, e.g. Amani Maliuag, Ynani Malacas, "the father of Maliuag," "the mother of Malacas." According to Francisco Colin, fishermen would not make use of the first cast of the net or a new fish-corral, for they thought that they would get no more fish if they did the opposite. Neither must one talk in the fisherman's house of his new nets, or in that of the hunter of dogs recently purchased, until they had made a capture or had some good luck; for if they did not observe that, the virtue was taken from the nets and the cunning from the dogs. •
Badhala Catotobo (
Bathala katutubo = fellow native/conborn
bathala) – A sort of twin spirit called
katutubo "fellow native" was born along with a person, and was in charge of protecting them during all their life. Catholic missionaries will use the term to refer to the
guardian angel. •
Balacbac (Balakbák) &
Balantáy – The two guardians of
Tanguban: the abode of the souls of the dead. In
classical Tagalog, the term
sánà could either mean "abundance" or "destruction". It is possible that the term
sánà "abundance" was borrowed from Arabic jannaţ "garden, paradise"; while the term
sánà "destruction" was borrowed from Arabic
jahannam "hell". The soul was said to be ferried on a boat by a
Charon-like figure to the other shore (
ibáyo) of an expanse of water now regarded as a wide river (
ílog), now as a lake or a sea (dágat). The other world is probably deemed to be located where the sun was supposed to drown (
lunod) every evening, hence tha name for the
west kanlunúran >
kanlúran. •
Balangao/Balangau (
Balangaw = rainbow) – According to Francisco Colin, the ancient Tagalogs attributed to the rainbow its kind of divinity. Colin also states " that the bird
Tigmamanuquin derived its interpretation as a divinity from the rainbow." The rainbow was regarded as a divine sign and it is considered blasphemy to point finger at it. The rainbow was believed to be either Bathala's bridge (balaghari) or loincloth (bahaghari). The souls of those who: perished by the sword, were devoured by crocodiles or sharks, and killed by lightning; immediately
ascends to
Kaluwálhatian (glory) by means of the rainbow (balangaw) In
classical Tagalog the proper name for the rainbow is
Balangaw, while
bahaghari was only a poetic term referring to
Balangaw. The rainbow is sometimes referred to as
bathala or
badhala, a title also attributed to heavenly bodies which predicted events. This deity should not be confused with
Varangao (
Barangaw) the Visayan god of rainbow, war, and plundering expedition. •
Balátic ("the Crossbow : the Eagle, a constellation of three stars near the celestial equator, called
Marineras or
Tres Marías in Renaissance Spanish") •
Balo - The
anitos that haunts deserted places [
otros anitos de los despoblados]. •
Bathala mei Capal (Bathala Maykapal = God the Creator) – The transcendent supreme being: the creator and ruler of the universe. Known under several names, titles, and epithets such as:
Anatala,
Dioata (
Diwata = divinity/remote/very distant),
Meylupa (
Maylupa = owner of the earth), etc. He had many agents under him, whom he sent to this world to produce, in behalf of men, what is yielded here. These beings were called
anitos (ancestral spirits), and each
anito had a special office. Some of them were for the fields, and some for those who journey by sea; some for those who went to war, and some for diseases. The term "bathala" is a title attributed not only to the supreme being but also to personal tutelary anitos (
Badhala catotobo), omen birds (
Tigmamanuquin), the mountain which is the abode of
Tigmamanuquin, comets and other heavenly bodies which the early Tagalog people believed predicted events. For this reason, some Spanish chroniclers had been lost in their account about Bathala Maykapal and promptly asserted that he is an alligator, a crow, a bird called
tigmamanukin, a rainbow, etc. In modern context, the term Bathala can be used to refer to the Christian God. •
Bibit – Generally diseases are attributed to a deity called
Bibit. A strange belief because the deity is not presented as a malevolent one, but as being sick itself. If someone was sick they would make offerings of food to Bibit because the
catalona had first to cure the deity before they were able to act as a physician and for the patient to recover. •
Bingsól – The advocate of ploughmen. •
Buan (
Buwan = moon) – According to the Spanish chroniclers the ancient Tagalogs revered the moon (
Buwan) as a deity, especially when it was new (the first sliver of the moon), at which time they held great rejoicings, adoring it and bidding it welcome, asking it to provide them with a lot of gold; others for a lot of rice; others that it give them a beautiful wife or a noble husband who is well-mannered and rich; others that it bestow on them health and long life; in short, everyone asks for what they most desire because they believe and are convinced it can give it to them abundantly. San Buenaventura dictionary lists a prayer dedicated to the moon that was recited during the new moon:
"Buwáñg Panginóon kó, payamánin mó akó" which translates to "Moon, my Lord/Lady, make me rich." When one is on a mission no matter how important, it is well to desist from accomplishing the mission if a lunar eclipse occurs. A ring which appears around the moon is an indication of the demise of some chief. In these cases, the moon is referred to as
bathala a title attributed to heavenly bodies which the early Tagalog people believed predicted events. Another name for the moon or the proper name for the
anito of the moon is
Colalaiyng {N&S 1754: 151-152:
Colalaiyng. pc. Asi llamaban á la luna, ó á una doncella en la luna, segun sus consejas.}. The Tagalogs from Laguna called her
"Dalágañg nása Buwán" (Maiden in the Moon), in reference to the image formed by the
shadow on the moon, which they see as a face (
sangmukti) of a young maid (
doncella). Ceremonies of her cult were regularly performed at the new moon and the full moon with offerings of roosters made to fly in her direction. She was also referred to as
"Dalágañg Binúbúkot" (Cloistered Maiden). In ancient Tagalog society, some virgins were cloistered like nuns or as amongst Muslims, the term used to refer to them were
binúkot (SB 1613:279; N&S 1860:266) and
kinalî (N&S 1860:266; Pang. 1972:287). The reason for this custom is not explained, but may have been a Muslim one.
ColalaiyngKulalaying =
Jew's harp •
Bulac-pandan (Búlak Pandán = Flower of
Pandan) Therefore,
Dian Masalanta could also mean "devastating deity". •
Dingali – A particular type of family-anitos. •
Guinarawan (
Ginarawan) – an evil spirit. •
Guinoong Dalaga (Ginúoñg Dalága= lady maiden) – The anito of the crops. •
Guinoong Panay (Ginúoñg Panáy = lady "syzygium/tuffy"?) – the
anito of
kalumpang tree (
Sterculia foetida).
Lakang Daitan = lord of attachment) – The protector of the
throat, and the advocate in case of throat ailment.
Isabelo de los Reyes also referred to this anito as
Lakan-busog and equates him with the Visayan
diwata named
Makabosog; and the
kibaan of Ilocanos that gives his friend a pot that produces all kinds of food. The Tagalog title "
laka" (
lakan) come from Java "
raka" "lord" found in the
Kalasan inscription dated S'ka 700/22 March 779 (Juan Francisco 1971:151) [Potet, T customs, 37]. According to Francisco Colin (1663), the title "
Lacan or Gat" is the equivalent to the Spanish
"Don", and that the Don (Doña) of women is not
Lacan or Gat but
"Dayang". •
La Campinay (
Lakampinay) – The Old Midwife. According to Francisco Colin (1663), the title "
Lacan or Gat" is the equivalent to the Spanish
"Don", and that the Don (Doña) of women is not
Lacan or Gat but
"Dayang". •
Lacan Balingasay (
Lakang Balingasay) – Father Juan de Oliver in his
Declaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en idioma tagalog (1599). While preaching in
Batangas, he mentioned Lakan Balingasay and compared him to
Beelzebub: "
malaking anito ang pangalang Belzebu, na kun baga dito Lakan Balingasay."
Balingasay is a wood derived from
Buchanania arborescens, a type of fruit bearing species that is commonly found in Luzon. •
Lacapati (
Lakapati, from Sanskrit
Locapati = Lord of the world) – The major
fertility deity, fittingly represented by an image of a man and a woman joined (
androgyne) that signifies the
procreative power of heterosexual union. He was the advocate of sowed fields, This could be a misinterpretation of Lacapati's
relation to the
catalonas (shamans). In
Ngaju Dayak religion, the shaman's
altered state of consciousness is likened to male/female sexual intercourse: the shaman work in an embodiment
transtate that is considered feminine or receptive; the deity, is considered masculine or the dynamic,
entering force. Unlike the name "Lacambini" (
Lakambini) or
Lacan Baliñgasay (
Lakang Balingasay), the linker (e.g. m, ng, n) between
laka and
pati is not used because this name has a different origin: Sanskrit
loka-pati = "lord of the world" (an epithet of "
Brahman the Creator" and "
Vishnu the Preserver"); Sans.
loka = location, the earth, field + Sans.
pati = lord. •
Lachanbacor (
Lakhang Bakod = lacquered fence) – An ithyphallic deity. The
anito of the fruits of the earth and protector of swiddens. His image or wooden statue is described as having gold eyes and teeth and a
gilded genitalia as long as a rice stalk; its body is completely hollow. When the people needed his help, they hold a banquet and revel in the fields under a canopy that they construct there for this purpose and where they erect a kind of altar. On this altar they place his wooden statue. And those making the sacrifice form a ring and eat and feast. And they have the priests (
catalona) place some of the food they are to eat in the mouth of the statue; they also give him some of the beverage they are to drink. And they are convinced that by reciting some
superstitious words he will give them the very good and abundant fruits asked of him. He was offered eels when fencing swiddens—because, they said, his were the strongest of all fences, "
linalachan niya ang bacor nang bucqir" ("He lacquered the fences of the field").
Lacha (
Lakha) means "red lacquer". When the moon is eclipsed, the people of various districts generally go out into the street or into the open fields, with bells, panastanes, etc. They strike them with great force and violence in order that they might thereby protect the moon which they say is being eaten or swallowed by the dragon, tiger, or crocodile. If they wish to say "the eclipse of the moon" it is very common among them to use this locution, saying "Linamon laho bovan" ("Laho is swallowing the moon"). The Spaniards believed that the Tagalogs learned this practice from the
Sangley (Chinese). •
Lampinsaca (
Lampinsákà = cripple) – The advocate of the lame and the cripple. In early Sanskrit medical texts,
linga means "symptom, signs" and plays a key role in the diagnosis of a sickness, the disease. •
Macapulao (
Makapúlaw = watcher) – The advocate of sailors. Offering is made to him by the
manunubas before climbing a tree, lest they ran the risk of a fall from the trunk. •
Paalolong (
Paalúlong = barker) – The advocate of the sick and the dead. •
Posor-lupa (
Púsod-Lúpā = earth navel) – the anito of the fields.) – The anito of the sea. Seamen before they set sail sponsored a major ceremony (maganito) wherein sacrifices of banquets and food are offered to him, through a
catalona, asking him to protect them from tempests and storms when traveling by sea, and to grant them good weather and favorable calm winds. In modern Tagalog folklore,
siyokoy are sea monsters, an anthropoid whose body is covered in glistening brown or green fish scales and webbet feet; some description also give them long, green tentacles and gill slits; they drown fishermen and consume them for food. •
Tala (the planet
Venus) According to Blumentritt, the anitos that inspired so much fear among the Tagalogs, such as those that lived in the forest, seem to be the anitos of the
old owners or natives of the regions that was occupied by the immigrant Tagalogs. Linguists such as
David Zorc and
Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas. •
The first midwife in the world – An unnamed deity, mentioned in the Boxer Codex (1590), called "the first midwife in the world"; to whom the midwives, when they do their job, prayed to saying: "Oh you, first midwife, whose office I now do by your will, please give me so that through my help this creature may come to light ". •
Unnamed ferryman of the dead – The ancient Tagalogs believed that when a man died, his soul was obliged to pass a river or lake where there was a boat rowed by an old boatman; and to pay his passage they fastened some money on the arm of the dead man (Aduarte 1640). The unnamed ferryman could be
Paalolong, the god of the sick and of the dead. •
Unnamed husband-and-wife deities – In the Pardo inquisition report (1686), the inquisitor found bamboo goblets, pebbles, and skeins of hair, and a one-piece stone statue representing husband-and-wife deities. •
Unnamed serpent deity – The priestesses and her acolytes of the town of Santo Tomas, Laguna de Bay, interrogated by the Dominican inquisitors from the
University of Santo Tomas, Manila, answered that, when they performed a ceremony in a cave, used as a temple, a deity would appear to them in the shape of a python (
sawa). Usually, it is reported that the spirit—whether that of a deity or an ancestor—took the form of a shadow (
aníno) to enter the body of the shaman. The sound of a flute was heard when the spirit was present (Boxer 2016:82/83). In their dreams, the shaman saw these spirits as a black man (itím na laláki) or a wild water buffalo (anwáng). Similarly, a mountain spirit called
tigbálang was perceived as a black ghost, hence ''Anáki'ý ikáw ay tigbálang'' "You look like a mountain spirit." Said to a person dressed in black attires. The spirit appearing as a python to the congregation is an exception.
Tagalog pantheon by F. Landa Jocano •
Bathala or
Abba – The highest ranking deity and creator of all things. He had three daughters to a mortal wife –
Mayari,
Hana, and
Tala. In
classical Tagalog, the term "bathala" is a title attributed not only to the supreme being but also to personal tutelary anitos (
Badhala catotobo), omen birds (
Tigmamanuquin), the mountain which is the abode of
Tigmamanuquin (
Tigmamanukin), comets and other heavenly bodies which the early Tagalog people believed predicted events. •
Idianali or
Idianale – The goddess of labor and good deeds. Wife of
Dumangan, mother of
Dumakulem. •
Dumangan – The god of good harvest. Husband of
Idianali, father of
Dumakulem.
Dumangan is the
Sambal god of harvest and giver of grain. •
Amanikabli – The husky, ill-tempered ruler of the sea. He is the
syncretization of
Amanikable (the
anito of hunters) and
Kablay, a rich, old man in
Zambales legend who owned several fishing boats. In this legend,
Kablay refused to give alms to a spirit of the sea in the guise of an old beggar man. For his punishment he was transformed into a shark. •
Dumakulem – A strong, agile hunter who became the guardian of created mountains. Son of
Idianali and
Dumangan. He was derived from
Domakolen, the god of the Bagobos who created mountains. •
Anitun Tabu – The fickle-minded goddess of the wind and rain. She was derived from the Sambal deity
Anitun Tauo. •
Mayari – The goddess of the moon. Daughter of Bathala to a mortal wife. She was derived from the
Kapampangan lunar goddess of the same name.
Mayari could also be derived from the Sambal deity
Malayari. •
Hana – The goddess of the morning. Daughter of
Bathala to a mortal wife. She was derived from
Hanan a Visayan hero god who gave the morning dawn. •
Tala – The goddess of the stars. Daughter of
Bathala to a mortal wife. •
Ikapati – The goddess of cultivated land. Wife of
Mapulon, mother of
Anagolay. She was derived from the Sambal goddess of the same name. •
Apolaki – The god of the sun and patron of fighters. Son of
Dumakulem and
Anagolay, brother of
Dian Masalanta.
Apolaki is the supreme god of the ancient Pangasinenses whom they also referred to as
Anagaoley or
Amagaoley (Supreme Father). In Kapampangan mythology, he is a son of
Bathala and brother of
Mayari. • Priestly agents of the environmental gods: •
Silagan – Whose duty was to tempt people and to eat the liver of all those who wear white clothes during mourning and take their souls down to the depth of
Kasanaan. Had a sister named
Mananangal. Mentioned by Juan de Plasencia in "Customs of the Tagalogs" (1589) as a type of witch or class of priest. •
Mananangal – Could be seen walking along dark trails and lonely paths without her head, hands or feet, because her work was to frighten people to death. Mentioned by Juan de Plasencia in "Customs of the Tagalogs" (1589) as a type of witch or class of priest. •
Asuan – Who fly at night, murder men, eat their flesh and drink their blood. He has four brothers:
Mangagayuma,
Sunat,
Pangatahuyan,
Bayugin. Mentioned by Juan de Plasencia in "Customs of the Tagalogs" (1589) as a type of witch or class of priest. •
Mangagayuma – Specialized in charms which, when used by lovers, had the power to infused the heart with love. Mentioned by Juan de Plasencia in "Customs of the Tagalogs" (1589) as a type of witch or class of priest. •
Sunat – A well-known priest. Brother of
Asuan. Mentioned by Juan de Plasencia in "Customs of the Tagalogs" (1589) as a type of witch or class of priest. According to Plasencia, a
sonat is a high priest/priestess equivalent of that of a Bishop. In
classical Tagalog,
sonat also signified
circumcision, it alluded to the ritual of circumcision of Filipino girls upon coming of age by the chief priestess. In suppressing the priestesses, the missionaries unwittingly made one of their greatest contributions to the welfare of Filipino women: the abolition of what is now known as "
female genital mutilation" which, unfortunately, still survives in other developing countries. •
Pangatahuyan – a soothsayer. Mentioned by Juan de Plasencia in "Customs of the Tagalogs" (1589) as a type of witch or class of priest. •
Bayuguin – Whose work was to tempt women into a life of shame (
prostitution). Mentioned by Juan de Plasencia in "Customs of the Tagalogs" (1589) as a type of witch or class of priest.
Bayoguin (
Bayogin) or
Bayog are transgender and transvestite priests or
shaman of the indigenous religion of the ancient Tagalogs.
Anting-anting pantheon Source: •
Infinito Dios - The highest god and the oldest being from whom everything emanated. The virtue (Birtud/Galing) residing in and empowering the anting-anting and agimat (amulets and talismans). He is also referred to as
Nuno (Ancient One, earth deity),
Animasola (Lonely Soul, air deity),
Waksim (As water deity), and
Atardar (His warrior or protective aspect). He is identified to
Bathala Maykapal. •
Infinita Dios - The female aspect of the Divine. She is said to be the first emanation of the
Infinito Dios who sprang forth from his mind when he decided to have someone help him in his task of creation. She is also referred to as
Maria (which stands for:
Maris, Amantisimo, Rexsum, Imperator, Altisima),
Gumamela Celis (Flower of Heaven),
Rosa Mundi (Flower of the World), and
Dios Ina (God the Mother); she is also identified with
Inang Pilipinas (Mother Philippines) or
Inang Bayan (Motherland) similar to
Ibu Pertiwi of
Indonesia. • The first two elders (
nuno) who reside in the two corners of the Earth and are the guardians of the Sun and the Moon: •
UPH MADAC - She is the first spirit of the twenty-four
Ancianos, except for guarding the first hour after midnight. She designed the Sun in accordance with the task given to her by the
Infinito Dios. She made many designs and presented them to her companions and to the Lord, and they chose and all agreed on the shape or appearance of the sun which gives light to the world from then until now and into the future. •
ABO NATAC - He is the second spirit, who designed the Moon which gives us light during the night. He did the same, many were also created and these were presented to his companions and to the
Infinito Dios, and they agreed on the shape of the moon that is present today. • The following six spirits do not receive any other office. What they did was just wander out into the world, and be God's watchmen: •
ELIM – The watchman from 3 a.m. to 3:59 AM. •
BORIM – The watchman from 4:00 AM to 4:59 AM. •
MORIM – The watchman from 5:00 AM to 5:59 AM. •
BICAIRIM – The watchman from 6:00 AM to 6:59 AM. •
PERSALUTIM - The watchman from 7:00 AM to 7:59 AM. •
MITIM - The watchman from 8:00 AM to 8:59 AM. • The Siete Arkanghelis: •
AMALEY - He is the president and first minister of the archangel warriors. He is
San Miguel Arcanghel, on his shoulders rests the fight against the wicked to have security on earth and in heaven.
San Miguel is assigned as the watchman from 9:00 AM to 9:59 AM on each day, he is also the watchman on the first day of each week, which is Sunday, so he is the one to call on these days to avoid any disasters or events that do not occur. He is also the spirit messenger and messenger of the
Infinito Dios throughout the heavens. •
ALPACOR – He is the one made secretary by the
Siete Arkanghelis of the whole universe, he is
San Gabriel who is the recorder of all the hidden wonders in the whole universe and galaxy.
San Gabriel is the watchman from 10:00 AM to 10:59 AM of each day, He is also the watchman every Monday, therefore it is good to call him on this day to be saved from all disasters . •
AMACOR - He is the prince of the angelic justice and also the giver of heavenly grace for which he is also the Butler of the
Infinito Dios. This angel is well known by the name
San Rafael, he is the watchman at 11:00 AM of each day and of Tuesdays. He is the one to be called on these days for salvation from calamities. •
APALCO - He is the angel who was made Justicia mayor in heaven. Chief Ruler of heavenly things and recommender to God of the punishment to be inflicted, he is also the giver of wisdom to be used by the soul and earthly body of man. This angel is identified as
San Uriel who is assigned to watch at 12 noon and he is also the watchman on Wednesdays, so he must be called on this day to be saved from any disaster. •
ALCO - This is the spirit that offers or prays to God of any good work of man, he is also the receiver and informer of human needs, regarding God. This angel is
San Seatiel who is the watchman on Thursdays and the time of the first hour of the afternoon of each day, so he should be the one to be called on these days: •
ARACO - This is the spirit who was made the keeper of treasures and graces. He holds the key to giving the riches and glory of God. This angel is
San Judiel, the benefactor and giver of God's mercy. He is also the assigned watchman on Fridays, so he should be the one to be called on these days. •
AZARAGUE - This is the guardian spirit of Heaven and Earth, and he is the helper and protector of all spirits under the
Infinito Dios. He is
San Baraquiel the watchman at 3 pm of each day and is also assigned as the watchman of every Saturdays, so he is the one to be called on these days.
San Baraquiel is the last of the Seven Archangels to be known as the seven warriors of God the Father. •
LUXBEL – He is the youngest of the 16 spirits first created by the
Infinito Dios. His name means "Light of Heaven" because he is the closest to God. When God began his creation, he was baptized with the name
BECCA, but he disobeyed the
Infinito Dios so he renamed him
LUXQUER or
LUCIFER. The history of
Luxbel can be found in a book entitled
DIEZ MUNDOS (Ten Planets). In this book you will find various types of illicit wisdom such as hexes (
kulam), glamour (
malik mata), philters (
gayuma) and many more. Anyone is discouraged to have a copy of this book because it is the cause of unforgivable sin to the Lord. • The following five spirits were not baptized and did not accept the calling. When the Lord Jesus Christ was currently hanging on the cross, they came to be baptized, but it did not happen because at that time our Lord Jesus died. They are: •
ISTAC - The watchman from 5:00 PM to 5:59 PM. •
INATAC - The watchman from 6:00 PM to 6:59 PM. •
ISLALAO - The watchman from 7:00 PM to 7:59 PM. •
TARTARAO - The watchman from 8:00 PM to 8:59 PM. •
SARAPAO - The watchman from 9:00 PM to 9:59 PM. • The last three are the Santisima Trinidad, to whom the
Infinito Dios gave authority to create the world and its inhabitants.: •
MAGUGAB - This spirit presents himself as
Dios Ama (God the Father), who some say is the first person of the
Santisima Trinidad. But as
Dios Ama, he is not the
Infinito Dios, but only given him the right and duty to identify himself as God the Father. He was given the design of the world and all its contents such as the various types of flying creatures in the air or those crawling on the ground, especially man. He is the watchman from 9:00 PM to 9:59 PM. •
MARIAGUB - This spirit is the second person in the Santisima Trinidad, he has the fullness of
Dios Anak (God the Son) and the power to fulfill the mysteries wrought by the Lord
Jesus Christ. He is the spirit who incarnates in order to save those who receive and believe in him. This spirit is the one who, in every age, enters the body of the people commanded by God, which was then called the "Lamb of God." He is the watchman from 10:00 PM to 10:59 PM. •
MAGUB - This is the third person of the
Santisima Trinidad as the
Espiritu Santo (Holy Spirit), he is the one who acts to accomplish the thing that must happen in the present. Through his power the promises of the
Infinito Dios to the People are formed and fulfilled. He is watchman from 11:00 PM to midnight or 12: 00MN.
Other mythological figures •
Bernardo Carpio – The Hispanized avatar of the gigantic underworld crocodile that cause earthquake in pre-colonial Tagalog mythology, and of
Palangíyi the mythical King of the Tagalog people. Legend has it that the Tagalogs have a giant king—a
messianic figure—named Bernardo Carpio, squeezed between two mountains or two great rocks in the
Mountains of Montalban, and who causes earthquakes whenever he tries to free himself. Once the last link on the chains binding him is broken, the enslavement and oppression of his people will be replaced with freedom and happiness. Filipino revolutionary heroes
Jose Rizal and
Andres Bonifacio are said to have paid homage to the Bernardo Carpio legend – the former by making a pilgrimage to Montalban, and the latter making the
caves of Montalban the secret meeting place for the
Katipunan movement. •
Maria Makiling – The
diwata of
Mt. Makiling. •
Palangíyi (from Malay
Palángi = rainbow) – The mythical king of the Tagalog people. •
Primordial Kite – caused the sky and the sea to war, which resulted in the sky to throw boulders at the sea, creating islands; built a nest on an island and left the sky and sea in peace •
Unnamed God – the god of vices mentioned as a rival of Bathala a gentle wind deity, daughter of Bathala, who plays during half of the year, as playing together with her brother, Habagat, will be too much for the world to handle •
Habagat – an active wind deity, son of Bathala, who plays during half of the year, as playing together with his sister, Amihan, will be too much for the world to handle •
Bayani – lover of Sinukan who failed to complete a bridge; engulfed by a stream caused by the wrath of Sinukan •
Galangkalulua – winged god who loves to travel; Bathala's companion who perished due to an illness, where his head was buried in Ulilangkalulua's grave, giving birth to the first coconut tree, which was used by Bathala to create the first humans •
Liwayway – the goddess of dawn; a daughter of Bathala •
Bitu-in – one of the deities sent by Bathala to aid the people of Pinak •
Rajo – a giant who stole the formula for creating wine from the gods; tattled by the night watchman who is the moon; his conflict with the moon became the lunar eclipse •
Unnamed Moon God - the night watchman who tattled on Rajo's theft, leading to an eclipse •
Golden Calf of Banahaw – an enormous golden calf who serve as guardian of Mount Banahaw •
Doce Pares – the twelve brave young men who embarked on a quest to retrieve the Golden Calf of Banahaw, headed by the culture-hero Rizal; said to return to the people as giants, together with the Golden Calf, to aid their people in war •
Rizal – a culture-hero who led the quest to retrieve the Golden Calf of Banahaw; traditions state that once a world war breaks, he and the Doce Pares will come down from the mountain with the Golden Calf to aid his people in their struggle; another versions states he will aid the people, arriving through a ship •
Pablo Maralit – an epic hero who became the ruler of Lipa; has various powers and amulets •
Catalina – wife of Pablo Maralit •
Balo-na – a wise old woman who foresaw the arrival of the warriors of La-ut that would conquer and ransack the land of Pinak •
Dana – a princess who revered the sun god through dances at the Rock of Bathala; impregnated by the sun god and banished from the kingdom, causing the flowers of the rivers to wither; she was later asked to return and continue her sun worship •
Loku – a ruler from Quiapo who started to believe in a foreign god; when his people were attacked by foreigners, he was defeated as he could not ask the help of the anitos == Tau-buid Mangyan (Batangan) ==