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Naticidae

Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of the species in this family are mostly globular in shape.

Distribution
Naticids are widely distributed and occur worldwide and are considered to be a delicate part of the web of nature amongst many others. The greatest diversity of both species and genera is found in tropical regions. Even so, naticid snails are also plentiful in temperate, Arctic and Antarctic waters. ==Habitat==
Habitat
Moon snails live on sandy substrates, at a great variety of depths depending on the species (from the intertidal zone to thousands of meters in depth). They are often seen ploughing along in the sand, searching for bivalves and other prey, resulting in countersunk bore-holes. ==Life habits==
Life habits
'' showing Naticid predation holes Naticids are predatory, feeding mostly on bivalves. They will also attack almost any other shelled mollusk they encounter in the sand, such as scaphopods and other gastropods, including other moon snails. To catch soldier crabs, C. sordidum uses the same behaviour as when hunting shelled molluscan prey. The sand collar consists of sand grains cemented together by a gelatinous matrix, with the embedded eggs contained within the matrix. The collar is laid by the female moon snail, and the size of the sand collar gives an indication of the size of the adult female moon snail that laid it; larger species of moon snail lay larger sand collars. A fresh sand collar feels stiff and yet flexible, as if it were made out of plastic. Each sand collar contains thousands of capsules, each one housing one or several live embryos. In species with planktonic development, these embryos hatch out as bilobed veligers. After the eggs hatch, the sand collar disintegrates. Sand collars are often found washed up either whole or fragmented on sandy beaches where moon snails inhabit, either intertidally or subtidally. ==Human interactions==
Human interactions
In Korean cuisine, moon snails are called golbaengi () and eaten as golbaengi-muchim (moon snail salad). Moon snail shells are attractive and relatively large, and often popular in jewellery and ornamentation. == Taxonomy ==
Taxonomy
Traditional classification Some authors have suggested a distinct separation of the Naticidae into four subfamilies: Ampullospirinae, Naticinae, Polinicinae and Sininae. This arrangement is mainly based on morphological data, such as details of the operculum including the material (calcareous in the Naticinae, corneous in the Polinicinae and Sininae) and size, and also the morphology of the shell. 2005 taxonomy The following four subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): • Naticinae Guilding, 1834 - synonyms: Neveritinae Gray, 1857; Choristidae Verrill, 1882; Euspiridae Cossmann, 1907; Mammillinae Iredale & McMichael, 1962; Eunaticinini Oyama, 1469 • Sininae Woodring, 1928 - synonyms: Sigaretidae Gary, 1827; Cryptostomidae Gray, 1827 • Globisininae Powell, 1933 • Polinicinae Gray, 1847 == Genera ==
Genera
Genera in the family Naticidae include: ;subfamily Polinicinae Gray, 1847 • Amauropsis Mörch, 1857 • Bulbus Brown, 1839 • Conuber Finlay & Marwick, 1937 • Euspira Agassiz in Sowerby, 1838 • Friginatica Hedley, 1916 • Glossaulax Pilsbry, 1929 • Hypterita Woodring, 1957 • Kerguelenatica Powell, 1951 • Mammilla Schumacher, 1817 • Neverita Risso, 1826: its subgenus or synonym includes Glossaulax Pilsbry, 1929 • Polinices Montfort, 1810 • Pseudopolinices Golikov & Sirenko, 1983 • Sinuber Powell, 1951 • † Tahunacca P. A. Maxwell, 1992 • Uberella Finlay, 1928 ;Subfamily Sininae Woodring, 1928 • Calinaticina J. Q. Burch & Campbell, 1963 • Eunaticina Fischer, 1885 • Gennaeosinum Iredale, 1929 • Payraudeautia Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, treated by some as synonym of Euspira) • † Sigaretotrema Sacco, 1890 • Sigatica O. Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 • Sinum Röding, 1798 subfamily ? • † Gyrodes Conrad, 1860: belongs to the family †Gyrodidae Conrad, 1860 • Spironema Meek, 1864 - notin WoRMS. ==Synonyms==
Synonyms
Acrybia Adams, 1853: synonym of Bulbus T. Brown, 1839 • Albula Röding, 1798: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: junior homonym of Albula Osbeck, 1762 [Pisces]) • Aloconatica Shikama, 1971: synonym of Stigmaulax Mörch, 1852 • Boreonatica A. N. Golikov & Kussakin, 1974: synonym of Cryptonatica Dall, 1892 (junior objective synonym of Cryptonatica) • Catinus Oken, 1835: synonym of Sinum Röding, 1798 • Cryptostoma: synonym of Cryptostomus Blainville, 1818: synonym of Sinum Röding, 1798 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Cryptostomus)* Choristes P. P. Carpenter, 1872: synonym of Amauropsis Mörch, 1857 • Cryptostomus Blainville, 1818: synonym of Sinum Röding, 1798 • Ectosinum Iredale, 1931: synonym of Sinum Röding, 1798 • Eucaryum Ehrenberg, 1831: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 • Eunatica Melvill, 1899: synonym of Natica (Eunatica) Melvill, 1899: synonym of Natica Scopoli, 1777 (unaccepted rank) • † Labellinacca Cossmann, 1919: synonym of Euspira Agassiz, 1837 • Lunaia S. S. Berry, 1964: synonym of Natica Scopoli, 1777 • Lunatia Gray, 1847: synonym of Euspira Agassiz, 1837 (junior subjective synonym) • Heliconatica Dall, 1924: synonym of Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885 • Mamilla: synonym of Mammilla Schumacher, 1817 (incorrect spelling of generic name) • Mamillaria Swainson, 1840: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 • Mamma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 (junior synonym) • Mammillaria Herrmannsen, 1847: synonym of Mamillaria Swainson, 1840: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 (Unjustified emendation) • Nacca Risso, 1826: synonym of Natica Scopoli, 1777 • Naticarinus [sic]: synonym of Naticarius Duméril, 1805 (misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling) • Naticella Swainson, 1840: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 • Naticina Guilding, 1834: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 (junior subjective synonym) • Naticina J. E. Gray, 1847: synonym of Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885 (junior homonym, Invalid: junior homonym of Naticina Guilding, 1834; Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885 is a replacement name) • Naticus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Naticarius Duméril, 1805 • Pervisinum Iredale, 1931: synonym of Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885 • Polynices Herrmannsen, 1847: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Polinices) • Pristinacca H. J. Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of † Taniella H. J. Finlay & Marwick, 1937 (junior subjective synonym) • Propesinum Iredale, 1924: synonym of Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885 • Quantonatica Iredale, 1936: synonym of Naticarius Duméril, 1805 • Ruma Gray, 1847: synonym of Mammilla Schumacher, 1817 • Sigaretus Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Sinum Röding, 1798 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym) • † Sulconacca Marwick, 1924: synonym of Friginatica Hedley, 1916 (junior subjective synonym) • Uber R. A. Philippi, 1853: synonym of Polinices Montfort, 1810 ==Gallery==
Gallery
Image:Mammilla melanostoma (1).JPG|Mammilla melanostoma File:Moon Snail.jpg|Naticarius orientalis; north coast of East Timor Image:Euspira lewisii 3.jpg|Neverita lewisii Image:Tanea undulata (Moon Snail).jpg|Tanea undulata Image:Tectonatica violacea.JPG|Tectonatica violacea Image:Eunaticina nitida 003.jpg|Eunaticina nitida Image:Euspira nitida-Nl.jpg|Euspira nitida Image:Mammilla sebae 01.JPG|Mammilla sebae Image:Natica hebraea 01.JPG|Natica hebraea Image:Naticarius onca 01.JPG|Naticarius onca Image:Neverita josephinia 01.JPG|Neverita josephinia File:Notocochlis gualteriana.JPG|Notocochlis gualteriana Image:Notocochlis tigrina 02.JPG|Notocochlis tigrina Image:Polinices tumidus 01.JPG|Polinices mammilla Image:Sinum cymba 01.JPG|Sinum cymba Image:Tasmatica schoutanica 001.jpg|Tasmatica schoutanica File:SeaSnails.ogv|50-second video of snails (most likely Natica chemnitzi and Cerithium muscarum) feeding on the sea floor in the Gulf of California, Puerto Peñasco, Mexico. File:Naticid borehole Calvert.jpg|Naticid boring in Stewartia from the Calvert Formation, Zone 10, Calvert Co., MD (Miocene). File:Naticarius millepunctatus Pliocene Cyprus.jpg|Fossil Naticarius millepunctatus; Nicosia Formation, Pliocene, Cyprus ==References==
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