Background Gremlins was produced at a time when combining horror and comedy was becoming increasingly popular. According to Professor
Noël Carroll,
Ghostbusters, released the same weekend as
Gremlins, and the comic strip
The Far Side also followed this trend. Carroll argued that there was now a new genre emphasizing sudden shifts between humorous and horrific scenes, drawing laughs with plot elements that have been traditionally used to scare. The notion of gremlins was first conceived during the 1920s when mechanical failures in
RAF aircraft were jokingly blamed on the small monsters. The term "gremlins" also entered popular culture as children's author and RAF pilot
Roald Dahl published a book called
The Gremlins in 1943, based on the mischievous creatures.
Walt Disney considered making a film of it. A
Bugs Bunny cartoon of the era,
Falling Hare, shows Bugs battling a gremlin on an airplane. Joe Dante had read
The Gremlins and said that the book was of some influence on his film. In 1983, Dante publicly distanced his work from earlier films, explaining, "Our gremlins are somewhat different—they're sort of green, and they have big mouths, and they smile a lot and they do incredibly, really nasty things to people and enjoy it all the while".
Development conceived of the idea for
Gremlins and wrote the initial draft as a
spec script. The story of
Gremlins was conceived by
Chris Columbus. As Columbus explained, his inspiration came from his loft, when at night "what sounded like a platoon of mice would come out and to hear them skittering around in the blackness was really creepy". He then wrote the original screenplay as a
spec script to show potential employers that he had writing abilities. The story was not actually intended to be filmed until
Steven Spielberg took an interest in turning it into a film. After deciding to executive produce the film himself, Spielberg chose Dante as his director because of his experience with horror-comedy; Dante had previously directed
The Howling; however, in the time between
The Howling and the offer to film
Gremlins, he had experienced a lull in his career. The film's producer was
Michael Finnell, who had also worked on
The Howling with Dante. Spielberg took the project to Warner Bros. and co-produced it through his own company,
Amblin Entertainment. Designer Chris Walas spoke on the creation of the initial concept of the creatures, “After reading the script, my first idea was to take the
tarsier, a little primate, and give it cartoony proportions. I wanted the big eyes to make it cute. I showed it to Mike Finnell and Joe Dante and they asked for some tweaks, so I made the next one. This is more like a puppy. Big, floppy ears. It's not based on any one dog in particular — just a Cocker Spaniel or something. Fortunately they did not go with it. These were the only two Mogwai I sculpted before the final one.” The film's script went through a few drafts before a shooting script was finalized. The first version was much darker than the final film. Various scenes were cut, including one which portrayed Billy's mother being decapitated during her struggle with the gremlins, with her head thrown down the stairs when Billy arrives. Dante later explained the scene made the film darker than the filmmakers wanted. There was also a scene where the gremlins ate Billy's dog and a scene where the gremlins attacked a
McDonald's, eating customers instead of burgers. Also, instead of Stripe being a
mogwai who becomes a gremlin, there was originally no
mogwai named Stripe; rather, Gizmo was supposed to transform into Stripe the gremlin. Spielberg overruled this plot element as he felt Gizmo was cute and that audiences would want him to be present throughout the film. in which Kate reveals in a speech that her father died at Christmas when he dressed as
Santa Claus and broke his neck while climbing down the family's chimney. After the film was completed, studio executives insisted upon its removal, because they felt it was too ambiguous as to whether it was supposed to be funny or sad. Dante refused to take the scene out, saying it represented the film as a whole, which had a combination of horrific and comedic elements. Spielberg did not like the scene but, despite his creative control, he viewed
Gremlins as Dante's project and allowed him to leave it in. Spielberg commented when Galligan was testing with Cates that "he's in love with her already" and that was how Galligan won the part.
Tom Hanks,
Kevin Bacon,
Ralph Macchio,
Emilio Estevez,
Rob Lowe and
Judd Nelson also auditioned. In contrast to Galligan, many of the supporting actors and actresses were better known. Veteran actor
Glynn Turman portrayed the high school science teacher whose study of a newborn
mogwai leads to his death after it forms a cocoon and emerges as a vicious gremlin.
Dick Miller, who was a regular in Dante's films, was another experienced actor on the set, playing a
World War II veteran who first refers to the creatures as gremlins. Rand was played by
Hoyt Axton, who was always the filmmakers' preferred choice for the role even though it was widely contested by other actors. Nevertheless, after the actors finished their work for good, a great deal of effort was spent finishing the effects.
Rob Bottin and
John Dykstra were originally considered to do the special effects, Bottin was Dante's first choice; but he was busy working on
Legend (1985). There was more than one Gizmo puppet, and occasionally Galligan, when carrying one, would set him down off camera, and when Gizmo appeared again sitting on a surface it was actually a different puppet wired to the surface. These puppets had many limitations. The Gizmo puppets were particularly frustrating because they were smaller and thus broke down more. While Walas recommended making the
mogwai larger to make their creation and functioning easier for the special effects team, Dante insisted on keeping their size small to enhance the cuteness of the creatures. Consequently, to satisfy the crew, a scene was included in which the gremlins hang Gizmo on a wall and throw darts at him. This was included on a list that the crew created known to them as the "Horrible Things to do to Gizmo" list. The majority of the other gremlins' voices were performed by
Michael Winslow and
Peter Cullen, while the remaining voices were done by Mandel, Welker,
Bob Bergen,
Fred Newman,
Jim Cummings,
Sonny Melendrez,
Mark Dodson,
Bob Holt, Michael Sheehan and even Dante himself.
Music The film's score was composed and conducted by
Jerry Goldsmith, who won a
Saturn Award for Best Music for his efforts, and performed by the
Hollywood Studio Symphony. The main score was composed to convey "the mischievous humor and mounting suspense of Gremlins". Goldsmith also wrote Gizmo's song, which was hummed by Ilene Keys, a child actress and acquaintance of Goldsmith, rather than Mandel himself. Goldsmith also appears in the film, alongside Steven Spielberg, in the scene where Rand calls home from the salesman's convention. The soundtrack album was released by
Geffen Records as a specially priced 7-cut mini-album on LP and cassette (Goldsmith's music comprised all of side two) and reissued on compact disc in 1993 only in Germany. • "Gremlins...Mega Madness" (
Michael Sembello) – 3:50 • "Make It Shine" (
Quarterflash) – 4:10 • "Out Out" – (
Peter Gabriel) – 7:00 • "The Gift" – 4:51 • "Gizmo" – 4:09 • "Mrs. Deagle" – 2:50 • "The Gremlin Rag" – 4:03 "Gremlins...Mega Madness" was also released as a single, with "The Gremlin Rag" as its B-side (The USA release has Late For Work). In 2011,
Film Score Monthly issued a two-disc release of the soundtrack, with the complete score on disc one and the original soundtrack album on disc two (representing the latter's first North American CD issue); this was the label's final Jerry Goldsmith album. A CD release by
Warner Archive Collection was released through
WaterTower Music on October 10, 2015.
DISC ONE: The Film Score • "Fanfare in C" (
Max Steiner) / "The Shop" / "The Little One" – 4:30 • "Late for Work" – 1:46 • "Mrs. Deagle / That Dog" – 2:22 • "The Gift" – 1:45 • "First Aid" – 2:17 • "Spilt Water" – 3:02 • "A New One" – 1:10 • "The Lab / Old Times" – 2:35 • "The Injection" – 2:56 • "Snack Time / The Wrong Time" – 1:49 • "The Box" – 1:24 • "First Aid" – 1:39 • "Disconnected / Hurry Home" – 1:03 • "Kitchen Fight" – 4:06 • "Dirty Linen" – 0:43 • "The Pool" – 1:07 • "The Plow / Special Delivery" – 1:16 • "High Flyer" – 2:22 • "Too Many Gremlins" – 2:06 • "No Santa Claus" – 3:27 • "After Theatre" – 1:39 • "Theatre Escape / Stripe Is Loose / Toy Dept. / No Gizmo" – 4:36 • "The Fountain / Stripe's Death" – 5:42 • "Goodbye, Billy" – 2:56 • "End Title / The Gremlin Rag" – 4:10 • "Blues" – 2:17 • "Mrs. Deagle [film version]" – 1:27 • "God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen" (traditional, arr. Alexander Courage) – 1:12 • "After Theatre" [with "Silent Night"] – 1:36 • "After Theatre" [without "Silent Night"] – 1:36 • "Rabbit Rampage" (Milt Franklyn) – 0:47 • "The Gremlin Rag [full version]" – 3:35 • "Gizmo's New Song" – 0:35 • "Gizmo's Trumpet" – 0:30 Tracks 26–34 are listed as bonus tracks.
DISC TWO: 1984 Soundtrack Album • "Gremlins...Mega Madness" (Michael Sembello) – 3:52 • "Make It Shine" (Quarterflash) – 4:11 • "Out Out" – (Peter Gabriel) – 7:02 • "The Gift" – 4:58 • "Gizmo" – 4:14 • "Mrs. Deagle" – 2:54 • "The Gremlin Rag" – 4:13 == Reception ==