MarketHajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam
Company Profile

Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam

Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam was an exhibition held at the British Museum in London from 26 January to 15 April 2012. It was the world's first major exhibition telling the story, visually and textually, of the hajj – the pilgrimage to Mecca which is one of the five pillars of Islam. Textiles, manuscripts, historical documents, photographs, and art works from many different countries and eras were displayed to illustrate the themes of travel to Mecca, hajj rituals, and the Kaaba. More than two hundred objects were included, drawn from forty public and private collections in a total of fourteen countries. The largest contributor was David Khalili's family trust, which lent many objects that would later be part of the Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage.

Background: The Hajj
, , director of the British Museum: "It would have been impossible to tell this story without those great works of art from David [Khalili]'s collection [...] [T]his exhibition will allow, I hope, a new set of people to understand what hajj is." The hajj () is an annual pilgrimage to the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, At the time of the exhibition, the journey was being made by three million pilgrims each year. The hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam, along with (confession of faith), (prayer), (charity), and (fasting). It is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to God (Allah). The word "hajj" means "to attend a journey", which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions. In the centre of the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Mecca is the Kaaba, a black cubic building known in Islam as the House of God. Of the five pillars, the hajj is the only one not open to non-Muslims, since Mecca is restricted to Muslims only. Over the centuries, the hajj and its destination the Kaaba have inspired creative works in many media, including literature, folk art, and photography. ==Preparation and launch==
Preparation and launch
There had been no previous major exhibitions devoted to the hajj. Preparation for the event included promotion to Muslim communities. and assisted with community outreach. ==Content==
Content
(1846–1847 AD) The exhibition was held in the circular British Museum Reading Room. To set the mood, visitors entered through a narrow passage where audio recordings of an (call to prayer) were played. An early section illustrated the preparations traditionally taken before a hajj, which can include settling debts and preparing a will. Before trains and air travel, a hajj pilgrimage could take many months and involve a significant risk of death either from transmissible disease or bandits. The stories of individual historical pilgrims were told through diaries and photographs. These included Westerners such as the explorer Richard Francis Burton (a non-Muslim who made the trip in disguise in 1853), Also displayed was the Bugis-language diary of Ahmad as-Salih La Tenritappu, King of Bone, which records requests for travel permits as well as reports on the departures and returns of Hajj pilgrims from what is now part of Indonesia. A seven-minute video illustrated the rituals of the hajj. A final section played audio testimonies of British hajj pilgrims and invited guests to write down their own reflections. File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage mss 0097 fol 9b-10a.jpg|alt=a book opened to an illustration of a building|Illustration of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina from the , late 17th or 18th century File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage mtw-0995.jpg|alt=decorated metal and leather pieces arranged as covering for a horse's head|Chamfron for a horse, Ottoman Empire, 18th century File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage txt 0243.1.jpg|alt=textile panel embroidered with patterns and Arabic text|Section from the of the , Cairo, 19th century ==Reception and legacy==
Reception and legacy
The museum's target of 80,000 visitors was quickly exceeded. By the end of the run, 119,948 adult tickets had been sold (children had free entry and were not counted). Forty-seven percent of visitors were Muslims. Some non-Muslim visitors reported that overhearing Muslim families' conversations or striking up conversations with them, helped them appreciate the spiritual importance of the hajj. Brian Sewell in the Evening Standard described the exhibition as "of profound cultural importance", praising it as an example of "what multiculturalism should beinformation, instruction and understanding, academically rigorous, leaving both cultures (the enquiring and the enquired) intact". For The Diplomat, Amy Foulds described the first part of the exhibition as very interesting but felt that the section about Mecca was anti-climactic, though somewhat redeemed by the contemporary art pieces. The scholar of religion Karen Armstrong recommended the exhibition as an antidote to Western stereotypes of Islam that focus on violence and extremism. She described it as an insight into how the vast majority of Muslims view and practise their religion. For the Sunday Times art critic Waldemar Januszczak, an exhibition on a topic for which there is relatively little visual material was "heroic" and showed a determination to help visitors understand the world. He drew a parallel with exhibitions of conceptual art; since texts rather than visual art played a crucial role, "so much of the extraordinary story line laid out for us [...] takes place in the mind". Among the visual art, he singled out the textiles as providing "a visceral artistic buzz to the display". Nick Cohen, in an Observer piece accusing British cultural institutions of "selling their souls" to dictatorships, criticised the exhibition for ignoring aspects of the hajj documented by historians of Islam. He speculated that topics had been excluded so as not to offend the Saudi royal family, including deaths at the hajj (by violence or by incompetent crowd control) and the destruction of buildings in Mecca where Mohammad and his family had lived. The museum responded that the Saudi royal family had not funded the exhibition and had no curatorial control. File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage Mss 1025 fol 15a CROP.jpg|alt=refer to caption|Illustration of a North African pilgrim caravan from the , 17th century File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage txt-0442-front.jpg|alt=refer to caption| cover in red silk, late 19th century File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage txt 0241 full.jpg|alt=refer to caption|Section from the curtain of the prophet's tomb, 18th century Publications Two books resulted directly from the exhibition, both edited by Venetia Porter. Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam is an exhibition catalogue that also includes interdisciplinary essays explaining the history, culture, and religious significance of the hajj. The authors include Karen Armstrong, Muhammad Abdel-Haleem, Hugh N. Kennedy, Robert Irwin, and Ziauddin Sardar. The Art of Hajj is a shorter book describing Mecca, Medina, and the rituals of the hajj with visual examples. Qamar Adamjee, a curator at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, described both books as accessible to a broad audience while covering many different aspects of the subject. Its proceedings, including thirty papers on different aspects of the hajj, were published by the British Museum in 2013 as The Hajj: Collected Essays, edited by Venetia Porter and Liana Saif. The Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage subsequently expanded into a five-thousand-object collection documenting the Islamic holy sites of Mecca and Medina. In 2022 it was published in a single illustrated volume by Qaisra Khan, who had co-curated the London exhibition and had become the curator of Hajj and the Arts and Pilgrimage at the Khalili Collections. An eleven-volume catalogue is scheduled for publication in 2023. Related exhibitions The success of Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam prompted museums and art institutions in other countries to inquire about hosting hajj-themed exhibitions. It was not possible for the London exhibition to go on tour; it had involved special loans from 40 different sources, arranged by years of negotiation. Instead, these institutions created exhibitions on the theme of the hajj using items loaned by the Khalili Collection, among other collections. These included the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha and the Arab World Institute in Paris. The Doha exhibition was titled Hajj: The Journey Through Art and drew most of its content from Qatari art collections. Since France has many North African immigrants, the Paris exhibition focused on hajj routes from North Africa. ==See also==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com