Proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery by Paramount Skydance

WBD was established on April 8, 2022, and created through AT&T's divestment of WarnerMedia and subsequent merger with Discovery, Inc., via a Reverse Morris Trust transaction. Through the agreement, Discovery executives would assume majority control over the merged company, while AT&T would no longer hold any ownership interest. AT&T attempted to reinvent itself as a major player in the entertainment industry through acquiring Time Warner and DirecTV, but later reversed course after unsuccessful synergies. Issues facing WBD were its initial debt load of over $43 billion and heavy market devaluation of its stock, with it losing over 60% of its value by early 2025. To bring down debt, WBD began undertaking strict cost-cutting strategies that included corporate reorganization, controversial tax write-offs, and the removal of dozens of movies and television shows from HBO Max. Despite these efforts, the linear cable networks of WBD continued to lag behind in profits compared to the more profitable streaming and studios businesses. On December 12, 2024, WBD restructured its operations into two business segments: WBD Streaming & Studios and WBD Global Linear Networks. WBD president and CEO David Zaslav said the new structure would provide "flexibility with potential future strategic opportunities." On June 9, 2025, WBD announced plans to separate into two companies by mid-2026. The successor companies would have been named "Warner Bros." and "Discovery Global". Industry analysts offered mixed assessments of the announcement. Some characterized it as an acknowledgment that the 2022 Warner Bros. Discovery merger had underperformed, while others suggested that the separation could make Warner Bros. a more attractive acquisition target for larger companies that were uninterested in its cable networks. ==Initial bidding war==

In September 2025, Paramount Skydance CEO David Ellison convened a board meeting to discuss a possible acquisition of WBD, a move reported as intended to strengthen Paramount's competitive position against Amazon, Disney, and Netflix. Several days later, Ellison met with Zaslav at his home to propose a cash-and-stock bid of $19 per share. The offer was formalized in a subsequent letter that set the cash component at 60 percent. Later in September, Paramount Skydance raised its offer to $22 per share with a 67 percent cash component, a $2 billion reverse termination fee payable if the deal failed to clear regulatory review, and a provision for Zaslav to remain as co-CEO and co-chairman of the combined company. On October 13, 2025, Paramount Skydance submitted a third offer, raising the bid to $23.50 per share with an 80 percent cash component. WBD continued to reject Paramount's proposals. After Paramount's three failed attempts, talks of a potential sale of WBD began circulating in October, and the company announced it was reviewing strategic alternatives to its previously announced plan to split into two companies after receiving unsolicited interest from multiple parties. It was said that WBD was initially going to prepare for a bidding process after the completion of the split. In November 2025, Starz submitted a $25 billion bid for Discovery Global. The proposal covered the cable networks held by Discovery Global and was structured separately from Warner Bros. Discovery's studio and streaming assets. After the auction process concluded in December, Standard General was approached by Warner Bros. Discovery shareholders about a potential acquisition of Discovery Global. In the first round of non-binding proposals submitted on November 20, 2025, Paramount submitted a $25.50 per share offer for the entire company, while Netflix and Comcast submitted bids to acquire the Warner Bros. studios and intellectual properties, HBO and HBO Max. After the initial round of bids, WBD solicited a second round of bids. On December 1, 2025, Netflix, Paramount and Comcast all once again submitted binding second-round bids, with Paramount submitting an all-cash $26.50 per share offer for the entire company. As the process moved to a final decision, Paramount sent a letter to Zaslav alleging that the sale had become "tilted" in favor of Netflix. The letter claimed that the WBD board had embarked on "a myopic process with a predetermined outcome", pointing to alleged conflicts of interest regarding the friendship of Zaslav and Netflix co-CEO Ted Sarandos and questioning whether the auction remained fair. The Wall Street Journal reported that Paramount's final offer was $30 per share, all-cash, and it had secured arrangement from its three Middle Eastern sovereign wealth backers to not take board seats that would trigger increased regulatory review. ==Netflix agreement==

On December 5, 2025, multiple news outlets reported that Netflix had emerged as the leading bidder and had entered exclusive negotiations with WBD to acquire its studio and streaming business, despite objections from Paramount Skydance. Netflix announced the acquisition shortly after, which valued WBD at $82.7 billion enterprise value ($72.0 billion equity value and $59 billion of debt from Wells Fargo, HSBC, and BNP Paribas), and priced post-split Warner Bros. shares at US$27.75. The acquisition would mark a departure from Netflix's stated "builders, not buyers" strategy and a shift toward growth through acquisition. Analysts had not widely anticipated Netflix's participation in the auction process prior to the December reports. As part of its proposed acquisition of WBD's studios and streaming assets, Netflix stated that Warner Bros. films would have a 45-day exclusive run in theaters before becoming available on streaming. Netflix co-CEO Ted Sarandos described this commitment as a shift from the company's earlier streaming-first strategy. Sarandos said the policy was intended to address concerns from cinema operators, creative talent, and regulators that the acquisition would weaken theatrical distribution. However, some theater owners and industry commentators argued that additional consolidation under Netflix would lead to fewer theatrical releases overall and increase the company's bargaining power as a major buyer of film content. Attempts to overturn by Paramount Skydance Hostile takeover bid Paramount argued that its deal would face fewer regulatory obstacles than the Netflix deal, and warned that the Netflix deal would shift away from theatrical releases and concentrate the streaming market. Paramount stated that Netflix's deal would have led to fewer theatrical film releases and speed up the shift toward streaming services, which could have negatively affected movie theaters. It also referred to public statements by Netflix executives who questioned the long-term role of movie theaters. In addition, Paramount said that a combined streaming portfolio of Netflix and HBO Max would have represented about 43% of global subscription video-on-demand subscribers, which it argued would have raised antitrust concerns. WBD's board said it would review the proposal in accordance with its fiduciary duties and existing agreements. In mid-December 2025, media reports indicated that WBD's board planned to recommend shareholders reject the Paramount Skydance offer in favor of its agreement with Netflix, citing greater certainty and financial terms. The board subsequently rejected the bid and advised shareholders accordingly, while Paramount Skydance said it remained committed to pursuing the acquisition. Around the same time, Affinity Partners withdrew from participating in Paramount's financing consortium. On December 22, 2025, Paramount Skydance amended its offer to address investor concerns, including additional financing assurances backed by Larry Ellison. Some shareholders said the revised bid still needed improvement. Legal action against WBD After the board of WBD endorsed Netflix's lower but previously signed agreement instead of a higher all-cash offer from Paramount Skydance, the company filed suit in the Delaware Court of Chancery. The complaint asked the court to require WBD to provide additional details about its decision-making process, including how it assessed the Netflix transaction, valued its remaining "Global Networks" business, and evaluated the risks and pricing of Paramount's competing tender offer. At the same time, Paramount indicated that it was prepared to pursue a proxy fight. The company announced plans to nominate its own slate of directors to WBD's board in an effort to encourage shareholders to support Paramount's bid rather than the agreement with Netflix. During the litigation, Paramount Skydance asked WBD for more disclosure about valuations, debt assumptions, adviser analyses, and the board's reasoning for favoring the Netflix deal over Paramount's offer, as part of litigation tied to its takeover attempt. The Delaware Court of Chancery declined to grant Paramount Skydance's request for expedited proceedings, but instead accepted to grant Netflix's request for expedited proceedings. The court's decision allowed WBD to continue pursuing the Netflix deal while Paramount Skydance's litigation proceeds on a standard timetable. On January 13, 2026, Netflix amended its $82.7 billion offer for WBD's Streaming and Studios division from a cash-and-stock deal to all-cash, while maintaining its $27.75 per share price. Ancora and Pentwater's support for Paramount's bid Growing investor opposition strengthened Paramount's position. Pentwater Capital, a hedge fund and significant WBD shareholder, stated publicly that Paramount's offer was economically more favorable when accounting for regulatory risk and deal certainty. The firm also held discussions with Paramount about potentially supporting a challenge to WBD's board. Ancora Holdings, an activist investor with a stake valued at nearly $200 million, separately criticized WBD's board for what it described as insufficient engagement with Paramount. Ancora threatened to initiate a proxy contest and urged the company to reopen negotiations regarding Paramount's higher all-cash bid. These developments increased pressure on WBD's directors to justify their decision to support Netflix's offer instead of Paramount Skydance's competing proposal. ==Paramount Skydance agreement==

Reopening negotiations with Paramount On February 17, 2026, WBD said it would reopen negotiations with Paramount Skydance after Netflix granted Paramount a seven-day waiver to submit a "best and final" offer. WBD said Paramount had verbally agreed to raise its bid to at least $31 per share if talks resumed, which WBD accepted. The same day, David Ellison wrote to Senator Cory Booker arguing that Netflix's proposed acquisition would harm competition and that Paramount Skydance's ownership would expand streaming and theatrical distribution. Ellison did not address most of Booker's questions regarding his communications with the Trump administration or potential changes to CNN. Also on February 17, Netflix co-CEO Ted Sarandos criticized Paramount's bid on CNBC, accusing the company of creating confusion for shareholders. Ancora said it would pursue a proxy fight to replace directors if WBD failed to adequately consider Paramount Skydance's offer. On February 20, 2026, Paramount said it had satisfied a Hart–Scott–Rodino (HSR) waiting period related to its unsolicited bid for WBD and argued that there was no U.S. statutory barrier to completing the transaction. Netflix disputed Paramount's characterization, stating that the expiration of an HSR waiting period does not indicate regulatory approval and that further review could still occur. The exchange reflected competing public messaging by Paramount and Netflix as regulators continued examining the proposed deals. On February 22, 2026, Netflix went under DOJ antitrust scrutiny "to create a monopoly" with the Warner Bros. merger. On February 23, 2026, Paramount's insiders told Variety that Paramount's revised offer for WBD would likely come in at $32 per share. On February 24, 2026, WBD confirmed it had a received a revised offer from Paramount and was reviewing it in consultation with its financial and legal advisors. Netflix exit On February 26, 2026, WBD confirmed that it considered Paramount's increased bid to be superior to Netflix's current offer, triggering a four-business-day period during which Netflix could improve its offer. Paramount's latest acquisition bid was reported to be approximately $111 billion bid for the entirety of WBD, including its linear cable channels, for $31 per share. Netflix subsequently declined to increase its bid, and Sarandos and Greg Peters released a statement stating that the deal was "no longer financially attractive". Following Netflix's exit from the deal on February 26, Paramount ultimately emerged as the winner of the bidding war. On the same day, David Zaslav announced the acquisition by Paramount, stating that it provided "tremendous value for shareholders", and wished Netflix well. Paramount's acquisition plan Paramount announced on March 2, 2026 during a conference call that Paramount+ and HBO Max would be merged into a single streaming service following the completion of the Paramount–WBD merger. In a letter to Senator Adam Schiff and Representative Laura Friedman, David Ellison said that he would keep Paramount and WBD operating separately and preserve jobs after the Paramount–WBD merger deal closes. In March 2026, the supervisors of Los Angeles county ordered an analysis of the Paramount–WBD deal. The study reviewing the transaction’s impact on competition will be led by the Department of Economic Opportunity, with an interim report by May 24, 2026 and final findings and recommendations by July 23, 2026. On March 26, 2026, Warner Bros. Discovery set a shareholder vote on sale to Paramount Skydance by April 23, 2026 at 10:00 am for a special meeting. On the same day, the Competition Bureau of Canada announced it was reviewing Paramount's acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery. On April 30, 2026, the Competition Bureau will closely examine the deal and assess any potential remedies, and its approach would be laid back. On April 2, 2026, Paramount Skydance announced plans to merge CBS Sports and TNT Sports once the acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery is completed. On April 6, 2026, the Wall Street Journal reported that $24 billion of the $110.9 billion equity acquisition would come from sovereign wealth funds from Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Because each fund is under a 25% ownership stake, the funds are not expected to incur regulatory or federal government scrutiny. On April 9, 2026, the advisory firm ISS recommended that shareholders reject David Zaslav's $886 million golden parachute offer for the Paramount–WBD deal, calling it "extraordinary". On that same day, however, Paramount finally completed the syndication of a bridge facility and entered into permanent financing transactions with a group of 18 lenders to support the deal. On April 10, 2026, Glass Lewis recommended Warner Bros. Discovery shareholders vote for the deal. On April 13, 2026, the Paramount–WBD deal was under review in the UK by Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), in which they submit their comments by April 27, 2026. Though, as of April 28th, the comments have yet to have known to be submitted. On April 14, 2026, the FCC gave a minor role in the Paramount–WBD deal by looking into foreign involvements for the deal, which includes partnerships with NFL and streaming services such as Paramount+ and HBO Max. On April 15, 2026, David Ellison was expected to come to the Senate with Cory Booker to testify about the Paramount–WBD deal, but he cancelled the visit to senate because he went to the funeral of his family instead. Later that day, Mark Ruffalo will be invited via Zoom meeting for the Senate to testify about the Paramount–WBD deal for David Ellison. David Ellison later came back from the funeral to testify the positive outcomes of the Paramount–WBD deal. On that same day, the Paramount–WBD deal was revealed to have a total of 59 cable networks once the acquisition is completed. At CinemaCon 2026, Jerry Bruckheimer supported the Paramount-WBD deal because European countries have already approved the merger, making the American resistance futile. On April 16, 2026, AMC Theatres CEO Adam Aron voiced support for the Paramount–WBD deal. On April 21, 2026, David Zaslav earned $500 million from the Paramount-WBD deal. On April 22, 2026, the boards of both Paramount Skydance and Warner Bros. Discovery and multiple proxy advisory firms urged shareholders to vote yes to the deal. On April 23, 2026, WBD's shareholders voted in favor of the sale to Paramount Skydance and voted against compensation packages for David Zaslav and other WBD executives. On April 27, 2026, the Paramount-Warner Bros. Discovery deal was announced to have foreign investors owning 49.5% of Paramount Skydance, while American investors owned 50.5% of Paramount Skydance, pending FCC regulation and if the merger is completed. On April 29, 2026, Warner Bros. Discovery finally completed a phase 1 review from European antitrust regulators. The Paramount-WBD deal is leaning towards late May or early June, suggesting a smooth progression that could expedite the merger process, despite the deal currently in the pre-notification phase in Europe. On April 30, 2026, the Paramount-WBD deal was planned to make up to 23.6% of the North American media market. On that same day, Australia's Competition and Consumer Commission is reviewing the Paramount-WBD deal, seeking views of the deal until May 7, 2026. On May 4, 2026, the Paramount-WBD deal has made great progress, and the deal closure date of September 2026 is reaffirmed. On that same day though, Parks Associates confirms that the Paramount-WBD deal will reach 57% of US internet households. On May 5, 2026, the FCC begins a review of foreign investments of the Paramount-WBD deal. On May 6, 2026, Barry Diller, owner of IAC Inc., expressed interest in potentially buying CNN in response to Paramount's acquisition of WBD, and was in talks with executives about the possibility earlier that year. In the UK, the approval of the Paramount-WBD deal by Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) would slash off tax break thresholds in the country. ==Government and industry responses==

Industry Several theater-owner groups warned that the proposed Netflix–Warner Bros. deal would harm theatrical film distribution. Cinema United, a major trade association, called the acquisition an "unprecedented threat", arguing that Netflix's streaming-first strategy might reduce theatrical releases, cut box-office revenue, and hurt independent cinemas. The group urged regulators to scrutinize the transaction, saying the consolidation could affect theaters worldwide. The Directors Guild of America (DGA) reportedly expressed concerns over the Netflix–Warner Bros. merger, noting that a major consolidation could threaten competitive opportunities for talent and reduce diversification in studio and streaming-driven content. The Writers Guild of America (WGA) stated that the proposed Netflix–Warner Bros. merger "must be blocked", arguing that "the world's largest streaming company swallowing one of its biggest competitors is what antitrust laws were designed to prevent." SAG-AFTRA raised concerns about the proposed Netflix–Warner Bros. transaction, saying it could affect creative workers and the broader entertainment industry. The union stated that any merger should increase production and protect jobs, and said its final position would depend on a full review of the proposal. Unlike some other industry groups, SAG-AFTRA had not called for the deal to be blocked. James Cameron publicly threw his support behind Paramount Skydance in its bidding war for WBD, claiming that a Netflix takeover "would be a disaster" for the studio's long-term creative future. Roy Price wrote that an acquisition of Warner Bros. by Netflix could lead to fewer shows being made and "a narrower range of storytelling" with "decision making around one organization's or one individual's point of view". Cinema United warned a congressional committee that an acquisition of WBD by either Netflix or Paramount Skydance could negatively affect movie theater operators. The trade association said further industry consolidation could reduce the number of films released theatrically and increase studios' leverage in negotiations with exhibitors. Cinema United outlined its concerns in a statement submitted to a U.S. House Judiciary Committee antitrust subcommittee holding a hearing on competition in digital streaming. On January 29, 2026, a coalition of indie filmmakers, theater operators and nonprofits has reportedly sent a letter to the National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG), asking state attorney generals to block Netflix's accepted $82.7 billion acquisition of WBD's studio and streaming businesses, citing antitrust concerns. In February 2026, several Hollywood labor groups, including the Directors Guild of America, Producers Guild of America, and Writers Guild of America, submitted statements to a Senate Judiciary antitrust subcommittee expressing concerns about the potential sale of WBD. On February 5, 2026, Paramount CEO David Ellison published an open letter to the UK creative community outlining commitments tied to Paramount's bid for WBD, including increased content investment, continued theatrical releases, and preserving HBO as a distinct brand. Ellison described a Paramount–WBD combination as pro-competitive and criticized the rival Netflix deal as potentially creating excessive market power, a claim Netflix disputed. He also highlighted Paramount's UK operations and pledged support for competition and the creative workforce. Cinema United told lawmakers the Netflix–Warner Bros. deal could cut theatrical releases, increase consolidation, and harm theaters and local economies. Several entertainment unions expressed opposition to the proposed Netflix–Warner Bros. transaction, including the Writers Guild of America, which urged lawmakers to block the deal. Senator Adam Schiff and Representative Laura Friedman asked for details on U.S. production, union jobs, AI safeguards, and competition, seeking responses by February 15, 2026, to assess the impact of both deals on Hollywood workers. On February 13, 2026, AGC Studios chairman Stuart Ford criticized Netflix's proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. during a keynote at the European Film Market in Berlin, warning it could harm the film industry's financial model. He said a studio-streamer merger might reduce backend participation and residuals for producers and talent, though he noted that stronger theatrical commitments could lessen some concerns. Ford argued that streaming-driven consolidation could threaten traditional revenue-sharing practices that support industry workers. In February 2026, the board of WBD reportedly reconsidered renewed discussions with Paramount Skydance regarding a revised acquisition proposal, despite having previously agreed in December to an $83 billion sale to Netflix. Paramount Skydance's latest offer, its ninth since 2025, included a provision granting WBD shareholders an additional $650 million per quarter for any delay in completing the Netflix transaction beyond December 31, 2026. Although the board initially rejected the revised proposal as insufficient, ongoing scrutiny from investors and corporate governance observers prompted further evaluation to demonstrate fulfillment of fiduciary duties. Under the existing agreement, Netflix retains the right to match any superior competing offer prior to closing, while the proposed transaction is expected to face regulatory review in the United States. On February 18, 2026, Cinemark Theatres CEO Sean Gamble said exhibitors were cautious about Netflix's pledges to maintain traditional theatrical release windows, citing the company's history and calling for firmer assurances. He described the situation as "active and fluid" as Netflix and Paramount Skydance competed for WBD. Gamble said Cinemark, individually and through the trade group Cinema United, had remained in contact with the companies and regulators to advocate for sustained exclusive theatrical windows. He added that exhibitors had long believed Netflix would eventually recognize the value of theatrical releases, noting that Amazon and Apple had embraced the model. During April and May 2026, more than 5,000 Hollywood actors, directors, producers, writers, editors, composers and costumers signed an open letter opposing the Paramount-WBD merger. On April 13, 2026, The Anklers chief columnist, Richard Rushfield was seen carrying a bag of "Block the Merger" buttons at CinemaCon. Paramount would then pull its advertising budget from The Ankler and would direct its employees not to engage with The Ankler as well. Consumer lawsuits On December 8, a class-action lawsuit was filed against Netflix by an HBO Max subscriber residing in Las Vegas, Michelle Fendelender, who alleges that the proposed Netflix–Warner Bros. acquisition would reduce competition in the U.S. video on demand market. Government Congressional and political reactions A group of film industry figures, described as concerned feature film producers, sent an anonymous letter to members of the U.S. Congress urging lawmakers to oppose the proposed acquisition of WBD by Netflix and to apply heightened antitrust scrutiny. The letter argued that combining WBD's film and television library with Netflix's streaming platform could increase market concentration, reduce competition, and limit creative diversity by consolidating control over content production, distribution, and release strategies within a single company. U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren criticized the proposed acquisition of WBD by Netflix, stating that it could raise antitrust concerns related to market concentration. Warren argued that the transaction could reduce competition in the streaming market, potentially resulting in higher prices, fewer consumer choices, and adverse effects on workers in the media industry. She also called for rigorous and transparent enforcement of U.S. antitrust laws during the review process, including by the Department of Justice. U.S. Senator Mike Lee stated that the proposed acquisition of WBD by Netflix raised antitrust concerns and indicated that congressional oversight of the transaction was likely. Republican Senator Roger Marshall and U.S. Representative Darrell Issa also called on federal antitrust authorities to closely review the proposed merger, citing potential effects on theatrical film distribution. The Netflix proposal raised concerns about potential job losses. U.S. Representative Laura Friedman stated that continued consolidation in the film and television industry has contributed to employment losses and argued that any merger should be evaluated based on its effects on competition and labor. On March 23, 2026, Democratic senators called for a "full and independent" FCC review of foreign ownership in the Paramount–WBD merger deal. Trump administration and political influence concerns President Donald Trump stated that the Netflix acquisition could raise concerns due to the size of the combined company's market position and said that he expected to be involved in the regulatory review process. Trump also stated that he had not discussed the competing proposal involving Paramount Skydance with Jared Kushner, whose firm Affinity Partners was among the external financiers of that bid. Senior Trump administration officials had previously told CNBC that the administration viewed the Netflix acquisition with "heavy criticism". According to regulatory filings, the financing for the Paramount Skydance proposal included investments from sovereign wealth funds associated with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar. The filing stated that these investors, along with Affinity Partners, agreed to forgo governance rights and representation on the board of directors, a structure the company said would place the transaction outside the scope of review by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. The same filing reported that Tencent had withdrawn its financing from the proposal, which Paramount Skydance said was intended to avoid potential CFIUS review. Affinity Partners withdrew its financing on December 16. The Wall Street Journal reported that after the Netflix deal was publicly announced, Larry Ellison, the father of Paramount Skydance CEO David Ellison, called Trump to argue that the deal would hurt competition. Before Paramount Skydance's hostile takeover bid was announced, it was also reported that David Ellison went to Washington DC and promised Trump administration officials that he would make big changes to CNN. Trump has stated that he thinks that it is "imperative" that CNN be included in an acquisition "because the people that are running CNN right now are either corrupt or incompetent". CNN is among the various news organizations against which Trump has pursued retaliatory litigation and his administrations have removed the press credentials of their reporters, and while the Paramount Skydance proposal includes the purchase of CNN, the Netflix proposal does not. In an interview with CNBC on December 8, David Ellison suggested that CNN would be merged with CBS News, which had been included in the Paramount–Skydance merger that was completed on August 7, 2025. When asked in the CNBC interview whether he thought Trump was more supportive of the Paramount Skydance proposal, David Ellison said, "What I would say is I'm incredibly grateful for the relationship that I have with the President, and I also believe he believes in competition." Trump also previously arranged for Larry Ellison to acquire a sizable ownership share of TikTok as part of the enforcement of the ban-or-divestment law for foreign adversary controlled social media applications enacted in the United States in 2024. Paramount Skydance submitted required forms with both the FTC and the DOJ on December 8. On January 14, 2026, U.S. Representative Sam Liccardo, a Democrat from California, called on Paramount Skydance to submit any potential acquisition of WBD to a foreign ownership review, even if such a filing was not legally required. In a letter to David Ellison, Liccardo said that a voluntary review would demonstrate good faith, strengthen public trust, and provide assurances regarding national security, data privacy, and potential foreign influence risks. Ted Sarandos stated that he was unsure why President Donald Trump had shared the One America News article demanding that Netflix be stopped from purchasing the Studios and Streaming division of WBD, stating "No conversation we ever had was about any of the things that were in that article that he posted. I don't want to overread it, either." On January 11, 2026, The Guardian reported that Donald Trump had repeatedly called for the sale of CNN in connection with any transaction involving WBD. The article argued that competing acquisition proposals—from Netflix and Paramount Skydance—raised concerns about media consolidation, political influence, and their potential impact on competition and free expression. It noted that lawmakers at a House Judiciary Committee hearing on streaming competition had expressed concerns about consumer harm and political pressure, and stated that neither proposed transaction would serve the public interest. The article cited Netflix's $82.7 billion bid and Paramount Skydance's hostile offer valued at approximately $108 billion, describing both as leading to increased concentration of control over film and television content. On January 16, 2026, British culture minister Lisa Nandy met Paramount Skydance chief executive David Ellison to discuss issues affecting the UK's film and television sector. It was also reported that, on December 12, 2025, days after Netflix announced its intention to purchase the Studios and Streaming division of WBD, President Trump had purchased corporate debt security bonds from both WBD, and Netflix, valued at up to $500,000 each. On March 13, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth publicly stated that he looked forward to CNN being bought by the Ellisons while criticizing the network due to its coverage of the 2026 Iran war, saying: "The sooner David Ellison takes over that network, the better". The New York Times reported the remark prompted concerns the network's coverage would be remade in a Trump-friendly direction. Regulatory review and antitrust oversight (United States) On January 22, 2026, the U.S. Department of Justice launched an in-depth antitrust review of Netflix's proposed deal. WBD disclosed in a regulatory filing that both companies had received a formal "second request" for information from the DOJ's Antitrust Division on January 16, which paused the statutory waiting period and prevented the transaction from closing pending further review. The second request signaled heightened scrutiny of whether the transaction could lessen competition in streaming, film production, or television distribution markets. The review followed Netflix's decision to revise its proposal to an all-cash offer. The transaction remains subject to regulatory approval and a shareholder vote, and both companies said they continued to expect a closing timeline of 12 to 18 months. Congressional hearings and investigations In February 2026, Netflix co-chief executive officer Ted Sarandos was scheduled to testify before the United States Senate regarding the company's proposal. The hearing, led by U.S. Senator Mike Lee, was expected to examine the potential effects of the transaction on competition within the streaming entertainment industry. Sarandos and WBD chief strategy officer Bruce Campbell were expected to provide testimony. While the Senate does not directly approve such transactions, the hearing provided lawmakers with an opportunity to seek information on the deal's potential impact on consumers, workers, and competitors. During the same Senate hearing, Netflix co-chief executive officer Ted Sarandos stated that the company would commit to a 45-day theatrical exhibition window for films produced by WBD following the proposed acquisition. The statement was made in response to questioning regarding the transaction's potential effects on theatrical distribution and the film production ecosystem. Lawmakers from both parties raised concerns regarding the deal's potential impact on competition, labor markets, and content distribution. Senators questioned Sarandos on issues including residual payments, employment conditions in the entertainment industry, and Netflix's market position relative to other platforms. Sarandos stated that residuals were governed by collective bargaining agreements negotiated through the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers and cited industry data indicating growth in residual payments in recent years. Senators also examined the competitive relationship between subscription-based streaming services and advertising-supported platforms such as YouTube. Sarandos argued that viewing patterns increasingly overlapped across platforms and cited the expansion of professionally produced content and long-form programming on YouTube, as well as its growing share of television-based viewing. Members of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust described the proposed acquisition as significant in scale and raised concerns regarding consolidation in the streaming industry. Subcommittee chair Mike Lee stated that the transaction warranted scrutiny due to its potential effects on competition for creative talent, content distribution, and consumer choice, including risks associated with vertical integration. Senator Cory Booker expressed concerns about the cultural and market implications of further consolidation in the entertainment industry and said that representatives of competing bidder Netflix had agreed to testify publicly at the hearing. Also testifying was Bruce Campbell, chief revenue and strategy officer of WBD. Netflix executives have stated that they have engaged in discussions with the U.S. Department of Justice Antitrust Division, European Union competition authorities, and state attorneys general regarding the transaction. The proposed acquisition remains subject to regulatory review, and Netflix has characterized the deal as pro-competitive, while regulators and lawmakers continue to assess its potential effects on market concentration and consumer outcomes. Following testimony in February 2026 before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy, and Consumer Rights, lawmakers continued to evaluate Netflix's proposed acquisition of the studio and streaming assets of WBD. During the hearing, Sarandos addressed questions related to market competition, consumer impact, and the company's role in the global entertainment industry. The hearing formed part of the broader legislative and regulatory review process examining whether the transaction would comply with antitrust standards and serve the public interest. Lawmakers did not reach conclusions during the session, and the proposed acquisition remains subject to further regulatory scrutiny. On February 6, 2026, Senator Adam Schiff and Representative Laura Friedman sent a letter to Sarandos and Greg Peters, and to David Ellison, requesting detailed commitments regarding the preservation and expansion of film and television jobs in Los Angeles in connection with their respective proposed mergers involving Warner Bros. The lawmakers noted prior public statements by Sarandos and Ellison asserting that their bids for the studio would benefit consumers and strengthen competition. Sarandos had stated that Netflix's proposed merger with Warner Bros. would help create and protect jobs in the entertainment industry. Schiff and Friedman wrote that such statements should be supported by concrete, measurable commitments to California and U.S. workers, emphasizing the importance of maintaining California's role as a center of film and television production. On February 25, 2026, Sarandos scheduled a visit to the White House by February 26 to talk about Netflix's bid. Axios later reported that after Sarandos arrived in Washington, he did not meet with Trump or any White House officials because the meeting was canceled, and that he instead met only with Justice Department officials. On the same day, Republican attorneys warned the federal government that the Netflix–WBD deal would result in higher prices, lower reliability, and the weakness of American consumerism. They told them the Paramount–WBD deal would be much better and it will have lower prices, higher reliability, and the stronger consumerism for America's media market. California Attorney General Rob Bonta tweeted: "the California Department of Justice has an open investigation, and we intend to be vigorous in our review." ==Shareholder responses==

WBD is a publicly traded company with a broad shareholder base. According to The Motley Fool, approximately 71% of its shares are held by institutional investors, 23% by individual investors, and 6% by insiders. Several major shareholders publicly stated their positions during the bidding contest for the company. Harris Associates, which owns about 4% of WBD through its Oakmark funds, described Paramount Skydance's revised offer as improved but insufficient. In a statement to Reuters, portfolio manager Alex Fitch said the competing bids from Paramount and Netflix appeared roughly comparable and that changing transactions would involve costs. He added that Paramount would need to offer stronger incentives to secure shareholder support. Mario Gabelli, founder and chairman of GAMCO Investors, said he was "highly likely" to tender his clients' shares to Paramount Skydance. GAMCO holds approximately 5% of WBD's non-index institutional shares. On January 7, 2026, TheWrap reported that Pentwater Capital Management, WBD's seventh-largest shareholder, sent a letter to the board urging it to more fully engage with Paramount Skydance's amended proposal. Pentwater chief executive Matt Halbower told CNBC that he viewed Paramount's offer as economically superior to Netflix's, citing valuation and regulatory factors. He also questioned the board's stated concerns about financing risk and argued that Paramount's investors had the capacity to complete the transaction. In early February 2026, WBD announced plans to hold a shareholder vote on its proposed $82.7 billion sale of its streaming and studio assets to Netflix, pending completion of a preliminary proxy filing. No date was set. If approved, the transaction would proceed to regulatory review in the United States and the European Union. Reports indicated that if shareholders rejected the Netflix deal, Paramount Skydance might seek to replace members of WBD's board in support of its competing $108.4 billion offer. On February 11, 2026, activist investor Ancora Alternatives LLC announced it would vote against the Netflix transaction, support Paramount Skydance's bid, and initiate a proxy contest if the board declined to engage with Paramount. Ancora argued that Paramount's amended proposal could qualify as a "superior proposal" under WBD's agreement with Netflix, citing what it described as regulatory risks associated with the Netflix deal. Paramount had increased its $30-per-share cash offer by adding a quarterly $0.25 per-share "ticking fee" beginning after December 31, 2026, until closing. It also agreed to cover the $2.8 billion termination fee WBD would owe Netflix if it withdrew from their agreement and to assist with certain debt financing costs. WBD stated that it was reviewing the revised proposal. Analysts said the changes addressed several of the board's earlier concerns and could increase pressure on directors ahead of the shareholder vote. ==Investors==

Major investors involved in the proposed acquisition include Harris Associates, GAMCO Investors, Ancora Holdings, Pentwater Capital Management, and Sachem Head Capital Management. Harris Associates (Oakmark Funds) Harris Associates, through its Oakmark Funds, owned about 4% of WBD outstanding shares, making it the company's fifth-largest shareholder during the takeover battle. Portfolio manager Alex Fitch said after the initial Netflix agreement that the bidding process was not over and encouraged Paramount Skydance to raise its offer. In December 2025, after WBD's board rejected Paramount's $108.4 billion hostile bid, Fitch told Reuters that the Netflix and Paramount proposals were similar in overall value. However, he described Netflix's offer as stronger in its deal terms, indicating that Harris Associates might support a revised Paramount bid if it addressed concerns about the transaction's structure. After Paramount amended its offer on December 22, 2025, including a personal guarantee from Larry Ellison, Alex Fitch of Harris Associates described the changes as "essential, yet inadequate". He said Paramount would need to offer "a more compelling incentive" to secure shareholder support. Harris Associates' comments were seen as influential in shaping market expectations about what would qualify as a competitive bid and maintained pressure on both Netflix and Paramount to improve their proposals. In its fourth-quarter 2025 investor letter, the Oakmark Fund stated that it was "pleased with the steps the WBD board has taken thus far to unlock shareholder value" and would "continue to closely monitor developments" as the bidding process continued. GAMCO Investors GAMCO Investors, led by chairman and CEO Mario Gabelli, owned about 5.7 million shares of WBD, representing roughly 5% of its non-index institutional shares and valued at about $160 million. Gabelli was an early and outspoken supporter of Paramount Skydance's takeover bid. On December 10, 2025, two days after Paramount launched its hostile tender offer, he told TheWrap that he was "highly likely" to tender his clients' shares. He cited the relative simplicity and certainty of Paramount's $30-per-share all-cash offer, compared with Netflix's more complex proposal, which included a combination of cash, stock, and a spinoff of WBD's cable networks. Ancora Holdings Ancora Holdings, the activist investment arm of the Ohio-based Ancora Holdings Group, which manages about $11 billion in assets, built a stake in WBD valued at roughly $200 million, or about 0.3% of the company. Although its ownership stake was relatively small, Ancora had experience in activist investing, including proxy contests at companies such as Norfolk Southern, C.H. Robinson, and Forward Air. On March 3, 2026, The Wall Street Journal described Ancora as "one of Wall Street's fiercest activist investors" in coverage of its involvement in the WBD takeover battle. On February 11, 2026, Ancora announced that it would vote against the proposed Netflix transaction and support Paramount Skydance's bid. The firm also said it would begin a proxy contest to replace members of WBD's board if the company did not engage with Paramount. In a 51-page presentation released to investors, Ancora described the Netflix agreement as "flawed, inferior, and high-risk" compared with Paramount's all-cash offer. It criticized the board for "hastily entering into a problematic agreement with Netflix instead of diligently pursuing a better offer". Ancora argued that the board had "no choice" but to consider Paramount's revised proposal as one that "could reasonably lead to a Superior Proposal", citing regulatory uncertainty surrounding the Netflix deal. Ancora's involvement influenced the outcome of the takeover contest. Along with pressure from Pentwater and other shareholders, its threat to launch a proxy contest contributed to WBD reopening negotiations with Paramount after Netflix granted a seven-day waiver in February 2026. After WBD's board determined that Paramount's $31-per-share offer was superior and Netflix withdrew its bid, Ancora issued a statement describing the result as a "win-win for both shareholders and the entertainment sector". The firm said it was "delighted to have highlighted the necessity for the WBD Board to explore a more substantial and assured arrangement with Paramount". Pentwater Capital Management increased its involvement in February 2026 after reports indicated that Paramount Skydance was considering chief executive Matt Halbower as a potential nominee to WBD board as part of a possible proxy contest. Halbower confirmed that discussions had taken place but said that "if they're truly fulfilling their fiduciary duties, then there would be no necessity for me to join the board." Pentwater's public backing of Paramount, along with the prospect of a board challenge, added pressure on WBD's directors to defend their support for the Netflix agreement. This pressure contributed to the board's decision to reopen negotiations with Paramount in February 2026. Although Sachem Head did not publicly oppose the Netflix agreement or threaten a proxy contest, as Ancora and Pentwater did, its increased stake was closely watched by investors as a sign of institutional sentiment. The disclosure came at a pivotal point in the takeover battle, as Paramount intensified efforts to challenge the Netflix deal and other activist shareholders publicly urged WBD's board to enter negotiations. ==Regulatory and foreign responses==

Due to the size of the acquisition, the initial Netflix-WBD deal was subject to review by competition authorities in major markets. On January 27, 2026, more than a dozen British politicians and former policymakers called on the country's competition watchdog to launch a full review of Netflix's $83 billion bid for WBD. On February 5, 2026, WBD CEO David Zaslav met with several European and U.K. officials to discuss the company's pending $83 billion acquisition by Netflix and the planned spinoff of its cable networks business, Discovery Global. Zaslav met in Berlin with Germany's Federal Government Commissioner of Culture and the Media, Wolfram Weimer, where they discussed the launch of HBO Max in Germany, the broader media industry, and the future of WBD's traditional broadcasting operations in Europe and the U.K. following completion of the Netflix transaction. According to Zaslav, the European and U.K. broadcasting business under Discovery Global would remain largely unchanged, with continued investment in local content. In Amsterdam, Zaslav met with Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof to discuss the evolving media landscape and investment climate. He also met in Milan with U.K. Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, Lisa Nandy, where discussions included the planned launch of HBO Max in the United Kingdom and Ireland, Olympic Games broadcasting, and market fragmentation. Additionally, Zaslav met with United States Ambassador to Italy, Tilman Fertitta, to discuss the Netflix deal and Discovery Global spinoff. The meetings occurred during ongoing U.S. Senate review of the proposed acquisition, including an antitrust hearing examining potential effect on competition, consumer prices, employment, and the streaming and theatrical sectors. ==Assets==

Paramount Skydance projected that a merger with WBD would create a media company generating about $70 billion in annual revenue, $16 billion in EBITDA, and $10 billion in cash flow, with around 207 million streaming subscribers. The combined company would include Warner Bros. and Paramount's film, television, and video game studios, HBO/HBO Max, DC Studios, and numerous cable and broadcast networks alongside its content libraries. Its portfolio would also include major sports rights and reunite several networks—such as MTV, Nickelodeon, VH1, and Comedy Central—with other Warner companies after more than 40 years. ==See also==