Based on the criterion of
mutual intelligibility, Dalby lists four languages:
Italian (
Tuscan),
Corsican,
Neapolitan–
Sicilian–
Central Italian, and
Dalmatian.
Dalmatian Romance • The
Dalmatian language was spoken in the
Dalmatia region of
Croatia. It became extinct in the 19th century. • The
Istriot language is a language spoken in the southwestern part of
Istrian peninsula in
Croatia.
Venetian The
Venetian language is added to Italo-Dalmatian when excluded from
Gallo-Italic, and then usually grouped with Istriot. However, Venetian is not grouped into the Italo-Dalmatian languages by Ethnologue and Glottolog, unlike Istriot. However, the major consensus among linguists is that in the dialectal landscape of northern Italy, Veneto dialects are clearly distinguished from Gallo-Italic dialects.
Tuscan •
Tuscan: group of dialects spoken in the Italian region of
Tuscany. • Northern Tuscan dialects: •
Florentine is spoken in the city of
Florence, and was the basis for
Standard Italian. • Other dialects: Pistoiese; Pesciatino or Valdinievolese; Lucchese; Versiliese; Viareggino; Pisano-Livornese. • Southern Tuscan dialects: • Dialects of Aretino-Chianaiolo, Senese, Grossetano.
Corsican •
Corsican: group of dialects spoken in the French island of
Corsica. •
Corsican, spoken on
Corsica, is thought to be descended from Medieval Tuscan. Tuscanization of the island's northern Corsican dialects in the past caused Corsican to be classified as Tuscan, but today this classification is more uncertain. Scholars have also noted continuity with Sardinian in the southern area of Corsica and assumed greater linguistic unity of the island prior to the Tuscan period, as well as identified concordances with
southern Italian dialects and
Central Italian dialects. •
Gallurese and
Sassarese, spoken on the northern tip of Sardinia, can be considered either dialects of Corsican or Corso-Sardinian transitional varieties.
Central Italian Central Italian, or Latin–Umbrian–Marchegian and in Italian linguistics as "middle Italian dialects", is mainly spoken in the regions of:
Lazio (which includes
Rome);
Umbria; central
Marche; a small part of
Abruzzo and
Tuscany. •
Romanesco, spoken in
Rome, Lazio. As mentioned above, it is the basis of the accent of the received pronunciation in standard Italian. • Tuscia or Viterbo: spoken in the
Province of Viterbo, Lazio. • Central-Northern Lazian: spoken in the southern areas of the
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital and the northern areas of the Provinces of
Frosinone and
Latina Lazio. • Umbrian: spoken in
Umbria. •
Central Marchigiano: spoken in central
Marche. •
Sabino: spoken in the city of
L'Aquila (
Abruzzo) and the
Province of Rieti (Lazio).
Intermediate Southern Italian The "Intermediate Southern Italian group" is spoken in the southernmost portion of
Marche, the southern part of
Lazio, a great part of
Abruzzo, a small portion of
Calabria, and almost the entirety of
Molise,
Basilicata,
Apulia and
Campania (with the notable exceptions of the
Lausberg area, southern
Cilento and southern
Salento). • The Campanian dialects such as
Neapolitan,
Beneventano,
Irpino,
Arianese and
Southern Laziale: spoken in most of
Campania and the south of
Lazio. • The Abruzzese dialects such as
Vastese: spoken in most of
Abruzzo and the south of
Marche. • The Apulian dialects such as
Barese and
Tarantino: spoken in the majority of
Apulia. • The
Molisan dialect: spoken in the region of
Molise. • The Basilicatine (Lucanian) dialect: spoken in
Basilicata (historically also known as Lucania). • The
Cosentino dialect: or Central-Southern Calabrian: dialects are spoken in the central and southern areas of the region of
Calabria. •
Salentino, spoken in the
Salento region of southern
Apulia. •
Cilentan, spoken in the
Cilento region of southern
Campania. ==See also==