Lancashire Aircraft Corporation

Foundation Lancashire Aircraft Corporation (LAC) was formed at Samlesbury Aerodrome near Blackburn, Lancashire, during World War II, along with a subsidiary, Samlesbury Engineering Ltd. The headquarters were in Berkeley Street, London W1. One of the founders was John Eric Rylands, (born 29 June 1909), who was destined to become a major influence on the British airline industry, alongside Harold Bamberg of British Eagle and Freddie Laker. LAC was appointed to the Civilian Repair Organisation, and won business repairing Bristol Beaufighters and Beauforts, in 1944 expanding the Beaufighter work to Blackpool's Stanley Park Aerodrome. Towards the end of the war, activity there also included the parting-out and scrapping of many Hawker Hurricanes and Supermarine Seafires. In July 1945. two months after the end of WWII, LAC acquired its first aircraft, a De Havilland Rapide based it at Stanley Park, and started doing pleasure flights. The following year it also operated pleasure flights from Yeadon Aerodrome in Yorkshire. These were followed by charter flights, the first of these taking place on 10 February 1946 from Blackpool's other airport, Squires Gate. The fleet quickly grew, with two more Rapides added early that year and three new Airspeed Consuls joining during the summer and generally operating from Squires Gate. The last recorded flight from Stanley Park was made by LAC's original Rapide, G-AHGD, on 21 September. These aircraft were in great demand during the Blackpool holiday season for pleasure flights and charters to the Isle of Man, but were also used for charters further afield. For example, one Rapide, G-AHAG, performed charters to Oslo and Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). LAC incorporated single-engined Percival Proctors and Auster V light aircraft into the fleet, used for pleasure and charter flights along with army cooperation flying, often as targets for anti-aircraft gunnery and radar training. Charter In September 1946 LAC took a big step with the purchase of five Handley Page Halifax C.8 four-engined military transport aircraft from the RAF. These were civilianised at LAC's new base at Bovingdon, about 25 miles north-west of London. LAC then started charter flights from Squires Gate and Bovingdon and would go on to own at least 34 of the type, including the Halton 10-seat passenger variant, until the last were retired in 1953. This number includes around 15 Halifax C.6 transports which LAC bought only for their spare parts and were never civilianised or used operationally. Britain's first airline to link air services with coaches ("Coach-air" services) was British Amphibious Airlines. In 1932 they linked with W. Armitage and Sons (Progress buses) to bring passengers from towns in Yorkshire to Blackpool to fly onwards to the Isle of Man in the airline's Saro Cutty Sark three-passenger amphibian. Eric Rylands resurrected this idea in 1947 with Squires Gate as his hub, and it proved very successful, with up to 16 rotations per day in peak season, using the Rapides. LAC operated IT charters from Manchester to Tarbes, France, and from London Gatwick Airport. Coach-air services were also operated from Blackpool to Paris via Beauvais and to Strasbourg. Also in 1947, the company opened a new passenger terminal at Yeadon, along with engineering facilities known as Yeadon Engineering. Conversion of Halifaxes from military to civil use took place here, and these started to be used for extensive charter flights. These included a charter from Liverpool to New York via Prestwick, Iceland and Gander, and other flights included destinations such as Johannesburg, Singapore & Sydney. Berlin Airlift While the large majority of Berlin Airlift operations were conducted by the US and British military, British civil charter operators played an important role, and on 27 July 1948 Flight Refuelling Ltd flew the first civilian flight of the campaign, carrying petrol to Berlin from England in a tanker conversion of the Avro Lancastrian, with their subsequent operations based at Bückeburg, Lower Saxony. Lancashire Aircraft Corporation was contracted to operate Halton aircraft from RAF Schleswigland in Schleswig-Holstein, north-western Germany, where the Luftwaffe had installed a fixed underground fuelling system which the British Army modified to allow speedy loading of fuel for faster turnarounds. LAC's first Airlift flight was on 24 November 1948 and it had up to 12 Haltons based at Schleswigland, many of which were converted as tankers, along with engineering and operations staff. It was said that "By early 1949 every motor vehicle in West Berlin was running on fuel flown in by British civilian pilots, and for that alone they deserve great credit.” LAC lost four aircraft in crashes and six of their employees were killed during Airlift operations. (See Accidents & incidents below.) After this the Halifax/Halton fleet was gently run down and the last examples were sold or scrapped by 1954. A notable Halifax in the LAC fleet was C.8 G-AKEC. Named Air Voyager, this was one of the aircraft used for the milk airlift, and completed 159 sorties during the Berlin Airlift. In 1949 it appeared in the British film Stop Press Girl and operated a regular nightly newspaper run between Manchester and Belfast in 1950. In the same year it took part in the Daily Express International Air Race from Bournemouth Hurn Airport to Herne Bay pier. It came 24th in a field of 75. It was written off while parked at Squires Gate when a storm blew it into LAC Halton G-AHDV on 17 December 1952. (See Accidents & incidents below.) Scheduled operations After WWII, all British domestic scheduled routes were nationalised and made the responsibility of BEA. It operated scheduled flights from Manchester and Yeadon via Blackpool to the Isle of Man. Having struggled to make these routes profitable, in 1948 they authorised LAC to take them over. with whom they shared the Isle of Man route, and took over several more, including London (Northolt), Birmingham (Elmdon) and Jersey in its network. Routes Summer 1952 From timetable issued April 1952 (in association with BEA) • Blackpool (Squires Gate) – IoM (Ronaldsway) (Fri Sat Sun 5 per day) • Leeds/Bradford – IoM (Fri, Sun 1 per day. Sat 2 per day, IoM – Leeds/Bradford Fri, Sat 1 per day, Sun 2 per day) • Leeds/Bradford – Jersey (Fri Sat Sun 1 per day) • Birmingham (Elmdon) – IoM (Fri Sat Sun 1 per day) Routes Summer 1956 From timetable issued May 1956 • Blackpool (Squires Gate) – IoM (Ronaldsway) (daily up to 9 per day, Mon-Thu 4 per day) • Blackpool – Jersey (Fri Sat Sun 1 per day) • Leeds/Bradford – IoM (Fri Sat Sun 3 per day) • Leeds/Bradford – Jersey (Fri Sat Sun 1 per day) • Birmingham (Elmdon) – IoM (Fri Sat Sun 1 per day) ==Eric Rylands Ltd==

On 4 March 1949 Eric Rylands formed Eric Rylands Ltd, with his wife Joyce as co-director and secretary, as a holding company, with an address in Sandgate Road, Folkestone, Kent. LAC and Samlesbury Engineering were held in the new company. In the spring of 1951 David Brown joined Eric Rylands Ltd as chairman, also becoming chairman of LAC and Samlesbury Engineering. Brown was the owner of David Brown Tractors and of Aston Martin (hence model names starting with DB). He had established a small airfield at Crosland Moor near Huddersfield. During 1951-52 LAC replaced their heavy-lift, long range Halifaxes and Haltons with Avro Yorks, all from BOAC, acquiring their entire fleet of around 25 examples. In 1952 LAC bought Skytravel Ltd, a small company that operated from Speke and Squires Gate during 1946–47. Most of their fleet was auctioned on 9 December 1947 and LAC had acquired two Consuls, a De Havilland DH.86 Express and a Miles Aerovan from them. More significantly, in 1952 LAC also bought Skyways Ltd which had been ailing since the Berlin Airlift, and Eric Rylands became its managing director. In 1952-53 LAC bought four Douglas DC-3s to bolster the scheduled and charter fleet during the steady removal of the Rapides. Most of the Proctors had left the fleet by then. In 1954 LAC set up a summer service run in association with East Yorkshire Motor Services, bringing passengers to Blackpool for their service to the Isle of Man. The return journey, "taking less than seven hours each way" cost around £5 10s (£5.50). In 1954 Silver City Airways had left Lympne Airport and moved to its new Lydd Ferryfield Airport. Seeing an opportunity to build on his experience at Blackpool, Rylands leased Lympne and that year used the Skyways brand to establish a Coach-air service linking London and Paris by coach with the Channel crossing flown by DC-3s between Lympne and Beauvais. The operation proved very popular: in 1956 Rylands bought Lympne Airport, and in late 1958 he established Skyways Coach-Air Ltd as a separate subsidiary of Skyways. Skyways itself survived until 1962, when Euravia bought it for £1, the combined airline later being renamed Britannia Airways. Skyways Coach-Air collapsed in 1971, and the remains were bought by Dan-Air the following year. ==Samlesbury Engineering==

PD1 double-decker bus with a Samlesbury Engineering body After WWII Samlesbury Engineering had remained in the aviation business, occupying hangars at Samlesbury where English Electric had built 2,145 Halifaxes, and had diversified into building and rebuilding buses, including trolleybuses, and coaches – its proximity to Leyland Motors (around 10 miles) was probably a factor in this decision. After its intense activity, especially converting, maintaining and repairing Halifaxes during the Berlin Airlift the workload decreased, and its outposts away from its home base were closed or taken over by other organisations. At Samlesbury the company had returned its main hangars to English Electric and set up in smaller premises on the other side of the airfield, previously occupied by Burnley Aircraft Products, where it continued to produce aircraft components for the Vickers Viscount for example, and had also turned to building ambulance, van and trailer bodies. With its specialist aviation and vehicle experience, in 1954 it built the turbojet-powered Bluebird K7 hydroplane for Donald Campbell's water speed record runs. An experiment with frameless reinforced glassfibre road haulage containers in the early 1960s apparently came to nothing. The vehicle building part of the business was separated from the aviation side and, renamed Samlesbury Engineering (1961) Ltd. was taken over by The British Trailer Co. Ltd. Around that time, the remains of Samlesbury Engineering were absorbed into BAC. Lancashire Aircraft Company had been created to continue the development and production of the Edgar Percival EP.9 utility aircraft, which had been bought from Edgar Percival himself. In addition to the rights to the design, the sale included two complete aircraft, seven unfinished airframes and the production jigs from Percival's factory at Stapleford Aerodrome in Essex. At first the operation was set up at Squires Gate, but in 1960 it was moved to Samlesbury Aerodrome. The company developed the design, replacing the EP.9's Lycoming engine with a version and three-bladed propeller, and named it the Lancashire Aircraft Prospector. Only five airframes were completed, plus a single example of a Mk.2 version with a Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah X radial engine, which first flew in August 1960. Some say that the Mk.2 was only produced to allow the aircraft to attend that year's SBAC Farnborough Airshow, because the Mk.I would have been disqualified for having a foreign (American) engine. A Prospector was displayed alongside a Skyways Coach-Air Avro 748 at the 1963 Biggin Hill Air Fair. where it ran a small maintenance and repair operation specialising in the Prospectors but it had closed down completely by 1964. Prospector production list Percival's construction numbers started at 20. C/n 41 onwards were completed by Lancashire Aircraft Company. ==Fleet==

Aircraft registered to Lancashire Aircraft Corporation Livery was pale green overall with red trim and lettering. Aircraft registered to Eric Rylands Ltd. ==Accidents and incidents==

• On 5 June 1947 LAC Halifax C.8 G-AIHW made a very hard night landing at London Heathrow Airport after a flight carrying six tons of apricots from Valencia, Spain. The fuselage was buckled and the aircraft written off. There were no casualties. • On 5 December 1947 LAC Halifax C.8 G-AIHU crashed into high ground near Rhyl, Denbighshire, on a cargo flight from Lille, France, to Liverpool Speke Airport. All four crew were killed. • On 3 September 1948 LAC Halifax C.8 G-AIHX overran the runway on landing at Squires Gate after a cargo flight from Bovingdon. The aircraft was written off but there were no injuries among the three crew. • On 15 January 1949 three LAC ground engineers and their German driver were killed at Schleswigland in a ground vehicle which was in collision with RAF Handley Page Hastings C.1 TG521. • On 21 March 1949 LAC Halifax C.8 G-AJZZ flew a too low approach and crashed short of the runway at Schleswigland, Germany after a cargo flight from Berlin Tempelhof Airport. Three crew were killed and one injured. • On 1 June 1949 Halifax C.8 G-AKBJ was written off after an unexplained crash at Berlin Tegel Airport after a cargo flight from Schleswigland. All four crew suffered slight injuries. • On 12 June 1949 LAC Halton G-ALBZ suffered a burst tyre on landing at Tegel after a cargo flight from Schleswigland. The pilot lost control and the aircraft collided with parked LAC Halifax C8 G-AHWN. The Halton was written off but there were no casualties. The Halifax was repaired. (See entry below.) • On 6 July 1949 LAC Halifax C.8 G-AHWN was written off at Schleswigland when the undercarriage failed to retract after takeoff and then collapsed on landing on its return. None of the three crew were injured. • On 18 August 1949 LAC Percival Proctor 4 G-AKLC on a test flight from Yeadon crashed near Shipley, West Yorkshire, when the wing failed after modification. All four occupants were killed, one of whom was a son of Eric Rylands. • On 25 October 1950 LAC Airspeed Consul G-AJLH was withdrawn from use after an undercarriage collapse on landing at Seaton Carew, West Hartlepool, County Durham. Neither occupant was injured. • On 8 March 1951 LAC Halifax C.8 G-AJZY crashed on approach to RAF Bovingdon after a flight from Torslanda Airport, Gothenburg, with a cargo of frozen reindeer carcases. All four crew were killed. Icing may have been the cause. • On 10 April 1951 an engine fell off LAC Halton 2 G-AGZP while flying near Buntingford, Hertfordshire. It safely made an emergency landing at Stansted Airport and was not repaired, being scrapped in 1952. • On 14 September 1956 LAC Dragon Rapide G-ALEJ was damaged beyond repair during a flight from Blackpool when thick smoke in the cockpit forced an emergency landing in a field in Eccleshall, Staffordshire. The pilot and the six passengers were unhurt. ==See also==