'',
Nevado de Toluca, Mexico The genus
Lupinus L. and, in particular, its North American species were divided by
Sereno Watson (1873) into three sections:
Lupinus,
Platycarpos, and
Lupinnelus. Differences in habitat and in the number of
ovules were the basis for this classification. A majority of the perennial and annual species from the American continent described by Watson were referred to
Lupinus. Some annual species with two ovules in the ovary and two seeds in the pod (
L. densiflorus,
L. microcarpus, etc.) were attributed to the
Platycarpos section. Section
Lupinnelus consisted of one species (
L. uncialis), with axillary and solitary flowers, scarcely reflexed banner, and also with two ovules in the ovary. While Watson's work was predominantly based on study of North American species, the later research of Ascherson and Graebner (1907) extended his principle of classification to cover all lupins from the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, also using number of ovules (seedbuds) in the ovary (and thus of seeds in the pod) as the criterion for this division. They described two subgenera,
Eulupinus and
Platycarpos. Most of the described species were referred to subgen. A.
Eulupinus. Subgen. B.
Platycarpos included several annual species from the Eastern Hemisphere with two seedbuds and seeds in the bean (the same species, as the one specified by S. Watson). A current schema retains this distinction, but uses the nomenclature for the subgenera of
Platycarpos and
Lupinus. In this schema, subgenus
Platycarpos (S.Wats.)
Kurl. contains perennial and annual species from the Western Hemisphere, with a minimum two or more ovules or seedbuds. Subgenus
Lupinus consists of 12 species from Africa and the Mediterranean, with a minimum of four ovules or seedbuds. The taxonomy of
Lupinus has always been confusing. How many distinct species exist or how they might be organized within the genus is not clear. The plants are variable and the taxa are not always distinct from one another. Some American taxa have been described as
complexes rather than separate species. Estimates of the number of lupine species generally fall between 200 and 500. •
Lupinus aberrans C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus abramsii C.P. Sm. – Abrams' lupine •
Lupinus acopalcus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus adinoanthus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus adsurgens Drew – Drew's silky lupine •
Lupinus affinis J. Agardh – fleshy lupine •
Lupinus agardhianus A. Heller •
Lupinus alaristatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus albert-smithianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus albescens Hook. & Arn. – hoary lupine •
Lupinus albicaulis Douglas – sickle-keel lupine •
Lupinus albifrons Benth. – silver bush lupine • var.
albifrons Benth. • var.
douglasii (J. Agardh) C. P. Sm. • var.
hallii (Abrams) Isely •
Lupinus albopilosus A. Heller •
Lupinus albosericeus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus alcis-montis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus aliamandus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus aliattenuatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus alibicolor C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus aliceae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus alilatissimus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus alinanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus alipatulus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus alirevolutus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus alivillosus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus allargyreius C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus alopecuroides Desr. •
Lupinus alpestris A. Nelson •
Lupinus altimontanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus altiplani C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus amabayensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus amandus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus amboensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ammophilus Greene • var.
ammophilus Greene • var.
crassus (Payson) Isely •
Lupinus amnis-otuni C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ampaiensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus amphibius Suksd. •
Lupinus ananeanus Ulbr. •
Lupinus anatolicus W. Święcicki & W. K. Święcicki •
Lupinus andersonii S. Watson – Anderson's lupine •
Lupinus andicola Gillies •
Lupinus andinus Rose ex J. F. Macbr. •
Lupinus angustiflorus Eastw. – narrowflower lupine •
Lupinus antensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus antiplani C. P. Sm. •
Lupinus antoninus Eastw. – Anthony Peak lupine •
Lupinus apertus A. Heller •
Lupinus appositus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus arboreus Sims – yellow bush lupin, tree lupine •
Lupinus arbustus Lindl. – longspur lupine • subsp.
arbustus Lindl. • subsp.
neolaxiflorus D.B.Dunn • subsp.
pseudoparviflorus (Rydb.) D.B.Dunn •
Lupinus arbutosocius C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus archeranus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus arcticus S. Watson – Arctic lupine • subsp.
arcticus S. Watson • subsp.
subalpinus (Piper & Robinson)D.B.Dunn •
Lupinus arenarius Gardner •
Lupinus arequipensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus argenteus Pursh – silvery lupine • var.
argentatus (Rydb.) Barneby • var.
argenteus Pursh • var.
argophyllus (A. Gray) S. Watson • var.
depressus (Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc. • var.
fulvomaculatus (Payson) Barneby • var.
heteranthus (S. Watson) Barneby – Kellogg's spurred lupine • var.
hillii (Greene) Barneby • var.
holosericeus (Torr. & A.Gray) Barneby • var.
montigenus (A. Heller) Barneby • var.
palmeri (S.Watson) Barneby • var.
rubricaulis (Greene) S. L. Welsh • var.
utahensis (S.Watson) Barneby •
Lupinus argurocalyx C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus aridorum McFarlin ex Beckner – scrub lupine •
Lupinus aridulus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus aridus Lindl. •
Lupinus ariste-josephii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus arizelus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus arizonicus (S. Watson) S. Watson • subsp.
arizonicus (S. Watson) S. Watson – Arizona lupine • subsp.
sonorensis Christian & D. Dunn – Sonora lupine •
Lupinus arvensi-plasketti C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus arvensis Benth. •
Lupinus asa-grayanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus aschenbornii S. Schauer •
Lupinus asplundianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus asymbepus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus atropurpureus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus attenuatus Gardner •
Lupinus aureonitens Hook. & Arn. •
Lupinus austrobicolor C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus austrohumifusus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus austrorientalis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus austrosericeus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ballianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus bandelierae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus bangii Rusby •
Lupinus barbatilabius C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus barkeri Lindl. •
Lupinus bartlettianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus benthamii A. Heller •
Lupinus bi-inclinatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus bicolor Lindl. – miniature lupine, bicolor lupine, Lindley's annual lupine • subsp.
bicolor Lindl. • subsp.
microphyllus (S. Watson) D. B. Dunn • subsp.
pipersmithii (A. Heller) D. B. Dunn • subsp.
umbellatus (Greene) D. B. Dunn •
Lupinus bingenensis Suksd. – Bingen lupine •
Lupinus blaisdellii Eastw. •
Lupinus bogotensis Benth. •
Lupinus bolivianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus bombycinocarpus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus bonplandius C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus boyacensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus brachypremnon C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus bracteolaris Desr. •
Lupinus brandegeei Eastw. •
Lupinus brevecuneus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus brevicaulis S. Watson – shortstem lupine •
Lupinus brevior (Jeps.) Christian & D.B. Dunn •
Lupinus breviscapus Ulbr. •
Lupinus breweri A. Gray – Brewer's lupine •
Lupinus bryoides C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus buchtienii Rusby •
Lupinus burkartianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus burkei S. Watson – Burke's lupine •
Lupinus burkeri Lindl. •
Lupinus caballoanus B.L. Turner •
Lupinus cachupatensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus cacuminis Standl. •
Lupinus caeruleus A. Heller •
Lupinus caesius Eastw. •
Lupinus caespitosus Torr. & A. Gray – stemless dwarf lupine •
Lupinus calcensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus caldasensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus camiloanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus campestris Schltdl. & Cham. •
Lupinus carazensis Ulbr. •
Lupinus carchiensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus cardenasianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus carhuamayus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus carlos-ochoae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus carpapaticus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus carrikeri C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus caucensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus cavicaulis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ccorilazensis Vargas ex C. P. Smith •
Lupinus celsimontanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus cervinus Kellogg – Santa Lucia lupine •
Lupinus cesar-vargasii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus cesaranus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus chachas C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus chamissonis Eschsch. – Chamisso bush lupine •
Lupinus chavanillensis (J.F. Macbr.) C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus chipaquensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus chlorolepis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus chocontensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus chongos-bajous C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus christinae A. Heller •
Lupinus chrysanthus Ulbr. •
Lupinus chrysocalyx C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus chumbivilcensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus citrinus Kellogg – orange lupine •
Lupinus clarkei Oerst. •
Lupinus cochapatensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus colcabambensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus collinus (Greene) A. Heller •
Lupinus colombiensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus compactiflorus Rose •
Lupinus comptus Benth. •
Lupinus concinnus J. Agardh • subsp.
concinnus J. Agardh • subsp.
orcuttii (S.Watson) D.B.Dunn •
Lupinus condensiflorus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus confertus Kellogg •
Lupinus congdonii (C.P. Sm.) D.B. Dunn •
Lupinus conicus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus constancei T.W. Nelson & J.P. Nelson – Lassics lupine •
Lupinus convencionensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus cookianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus coriaceus Benth. •
Lupinus costaricensis D.B. Dunn •
Lupinus cotopaxiensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus couthouyanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus covillei Greene – shaggy lupine •
Lupinus crassulus Greene •
Lupinus crassus Payson •
Lupinus croceus Eastw. – saffron-flowered lupine •
Lupinus crotalarioides Benth. •
Lupinus crucis-viridis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus cuatrecasasii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus culbertsonii Greene • subsp.
culbertsonii Greene • subsp.
hypolasius (Greene) B.J.Cox •
Lupinus cumulicola Small •
Lupinus cusickii S. Watson • subsp.
abortivus (Greene) B.J.Cox • subsp.
brachypodus (Piper) B.J.Cox • subsp.
cusickii S. Watson •
Lupinus cuspidatus Rusby •
Lupinus cuzcensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus cymboides C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus czermakii Briq. & Hochr. •
Lupinus dalesiae Eastw. – Quincy lupine •
Lupinus decemplex C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus decurrens Gardner •
Lupinus deflexus Congdon •
Lupinus delicatulus Sprague & Riley •
Lupinus densiflorus Benth. – dense-flowered lupin • subsp.
densiflorus Benth. • subsp.
lacteus (Kellogg) R.M.Beauch. •
Lupinus depressus Rydb. •
Lupinus diasemus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus diehlii M.E. Jones •
Lupinus diffusus Nutt. – spreading lupine, Oak Ridge lupine, sky-blue lupine •
Lupinus disjunctus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus diversalpicola C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus dorae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus dotatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus duranii Eastw. – Mono Lake lupine •
Lupinus dusenianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus eanophyllus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus edysomatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus egens C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus elaphoglossum Barneby •
Lupinus elatus I.M. Johnst. – tall silky lupine •
Lupinus elegans Kunth – elegant lupine •
Lupinus elegantulus Eastw. •
Lupinus ellsworthianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus elmeri Greene – Elmer's lupine •
Lupinus eramosus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus erectifolius C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus eremonomus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus eriocalyx (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus eriocladus Ulbr. •
Lupinus evermannii Rydb. •
Lupinus espinarensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus exaltatus Zucc. •
Lupinus excubitus M.E. Jones – grape soda lupine • subsp.
austromontanus (A.Heller) R.M.Beauch. • subsp.
excubitus M.E. Jones •
Lupinus exochus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus expetendus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus extrarius C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus falsomutabilis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus falsoprostratus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus falsorevolutus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus famelicus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus fiebrigianus Ulbr. •
Lupinus fieldii J.F. Macbr. •
Lupinus fissicalyx A. Heller •
Lupinus flavoculatus A. Heller •
Lupinus foliolosus Benth. •
Lupinus formosus Greene – summer lupine • var.
bridgesii (S.Watson) Greene • var.
formosus Greene •
Lupinus fragrans A. Heller •
Lupinus francis-whittieri C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus fratrum C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus fulcratus Greene •
Lupinus gachetensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus garfieldensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus gaudichaudianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus gayanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus gentryanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus geophilus Rose •
Lupinus gibertianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus giganteus Rose •
Lupinus glabratus J. Agardh •
Lupinus goodspeedii J.F. Macbr. •
Lupinus gormanii Piper •
Lupinus gracilentus Greene •
Lupinus grayi S. Watson – Sierra lupine •
Lupinus grauensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus grisebachianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus guadalupensis C.P. Sm. – Guadalupe Island lupine •
Lupinus guaraniticus (Hassl.) C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus guascensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus guggenheimianus Rusby •
Lupinus hamaticalyx C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus hartmannii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus hartwegii Lindl. •
Lupinus haughtianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus hautcarazensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus havardii S. Watson •
Lupinus hazenanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus hendersonii Eastw. •
Lupinus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Hassl. •
Lupinus herreranus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus herzogii Ulbr. •
Lupinus hieronymii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus hilarianus Benth. •
Lupinus hillii Greene •
Lupinus hinkleyorum C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus hintoniorum B.L. Turner •
Lupinus hirsutissimus Benth. – stinging lupine •
Lupinus holmgrenianus C.P. Sm. – Holmgren's lupine •
Lupinus honoratus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus horizontalis A. Heller •
Lupinus hornemanni J. Agardh •
Lupinus hortonianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus hortorum C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus howard-scottii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus howardii M.E. Jones •
Lupinus huachucanus M.E. Jones •
Lupinus huancayoensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus huariacus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus huaronensis J.F. Macbr. •
Lupinus huigrensis Rose ex C. P. Sm. •
Lupinus humifusus Sessé & Moc. ex G. Don •
Lupinus hyacinthinus C.F. Baker – San Jacinto lupine •
Lupinus hybridus Lem. •
Lupinus ignobilis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus imminutus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus indigoticus Eastw. •
Lupinus inflatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus insignis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus insulae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus interruptus Benth. •
Lupinus intortus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus inusitatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus involutus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus inyoensis A. Heller •
Lupinus isabelianus Eastw. •
Lupinus jahnii Rose ex Pittier •
Lupinus jaimehintoniana B.L. Turner •
Lupinus james-westii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus jean-julesii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus jelskianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus johannis-howellii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus jonesii Rydb. •
Lupinus jujuyensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus juninensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus kalenbornorum C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus kellermanianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus kerrii Eastw. •
Lupinus killipianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus kingii S. Watson •
Lupinus klamathensis Eastw. •
Lupinus kunthii J. Agardh •
Lupinus kuschei Eastw. – Yukon lupine •
Lupinus lacus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus laetus Wooton & Standl. •
Lupinus laevigatus Benth. •
Lupinus lagunae-negrae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus lanatocarpus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus lanatus Benth. •
Lupinus lapidicola A. Heller – Mt. Eddy lupine •
Lupinus latifolius J. Agardh • subsp.
dudleyi (C.P.Sm.) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn • subsp.
latifolius J. Agardh • var.
latifolius J. Agardh – broadleaf lupine • var.
barbatus – Klamath lupine, bearded lupine • subsp.
leucanthus (Rydb.)P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn • subsp.
longipes (Greene) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn • subsp.
parishii (C.P.Sm.) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn • subsp.
viridifolius (A.Heller) P.Kenney & D.B.Dunn •
Lupinus laudandrus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus lechlerianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ledigianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus lelandsmithii Eastw. •
Lupinus lemmonii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus lepidus Lindl. – prairie lupine • var.
aridus (Douglas) Jeps. • var.
confertus (Kellogg) C. P. Sm. • var.
lepidus Lindl. • var.
lobbii (A. Gray ex S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc. • var.
sellulus (Kellogg) Barneby • var.
utahensis (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc. •
Lupinus leptocarpus Benth. •
Lupinus leptophyllus Cham. & Schltdl. •
Lupinus lespedezoides C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus leucophyllus Lindl. – woolly-leaf lupine •
Lupinus lilacinus A. Heller •
Lupinus lindenianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus lindleyanus J. Agardh •
Lupinus linearis Desr. •
Lupinus littoralis Lindl. – seashore lupine •
Lupinus lobbianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus longifolius (S. Watson) Abrams – longleaf bush lupine •
Lupinus lorenzensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ludovicianus Greene – San Luis Obispo County Lupine •
Lupinus luetzelburgianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus luteolus Kellogg – butter lupine, pale yellow lupine •
Lupinus lutescens C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus lutosus A. Heller •
Lupinus lyallii A. Gray • subsp.
alcis-temporis (C.P. Sm.) B.J.Cox • subsp.
lyallii A. Gray – Lyall's lupine • subsp.
minutifolius (Eastw.) B.J.Cox • subsp.
washoensis (A.Heller) B.J.Cox •
Lupinus macbrideanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus macranthus Rose •
Lupinus maculatus Rydb. •
Lupinus madrensis Seem. •
Lupinus magdalenensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus magnificus M.E. Jones •
Lupinus magniflorus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus magnistipulatus Planchuelo & D.B. Dunn •
Lupinus malacophyllus Greene •
Lupinus malacotrichus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus maleopinatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus mandonanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus mantaroensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus marinensis Eastw. •
Lupinus mariposanus Eastw. •
Lupinus martensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus martinetianus (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus mathewsianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus matucanicus Ulbr. •
Lupinus meionanthus A. Gray •
Lupinus melaphyllus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus menziesii J. Agardh •
Lupinus meridanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus metensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus mexicanus Lag. •
Lupinus michelianus C. P. Sm. •
Lupinus microcarpus Sims • var.
densiflorus • var.
microcarpus – wide-bannered lupin, chick lupin •
Lupinus microphyllus Desr. •
Lupinus minimus Hook. •
Lupinus mirabilis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus misticola Ulbr. •
Lupinus mollendoensis Ulbr. •
Lupinus mollis A. Heller •
Lupinus monensis Eastw. •
Lupinus monserratensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus montanus Kunth • subsp.
glabrior (S.Watson) D.B.Dunn & Harmon • subsp.
montanus Kunth • subsp.
montesii (C.P.Sm.) D.B.Dunn & Harmon •
Lupinus monticola Rydb. •
Lupinus montigenus A. Heller •
Lupinus moritzianus Kunth •
Lupinus mucronulatus Howell •
Lupinus muelleri Standl. •
Lupinus multiflorus Desr. •
Lupinus munzianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus munzii Eastw. •
Lupinus mutabilis Sweet – Andean lupin, pearl lupin, South American lupin,
tarwi,
tarhui,
chocho •
Lupinus nanus Benth. – dwarf lupin, field lupin, sky lupin, Douglas' annual lupin •
Lupinus navicularius A. Heller •
Lupinus nehmadae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus neocotus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus neomexicanus Greene •
Lupinus nepubescens C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus nevadensis A. Heller – Nevada lupine •
Lupinus niederleinianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus nipomensis Eastw. – Nipomo Mesa lupine •
Lupinus niveus S. Watson •
Lupinus nonoensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus nootkatensis Sims – Nootka lupin •
Lupinus notabilis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus nubigenus Kunth •
Lupinus nubilorum C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus obscurus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus obtusilobus A. Heller – bluntlobe lupine •
Lupinus ochoanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ochroleucus Eastw. •
Lupinus odoratus A. Heller – royal Mojave lupin •
Lupinus onustus S. Watson – Plumas lupine •
Lupinus opertospicus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus oquendoanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus oreganus A. Heller – Oregon lupin •
Lupinus oreophilus Phil. •
Lupinus ornatus Lindl. •
Lupinus oscar-haughtii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ostiofluminis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus otto-buchtienii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus otto-kuntzeanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus otuzcoensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ovalifolius Benth. •
Lupinus pachanoanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pachitensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pachylobus Greene •
Lupinus padre-crowleyi C.P. Sm. – DeDecker's lupine, Father Crowley's lupine •
Lupinus pallidus Brandegee •
Lupinus paniculatus Desr. •
Lupinus paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl. •
Lupinus paranensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus paruroensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus parviflorus Hook. & Arn. – lodgepole lupin • subsp.
myrianthus (Greene) Harmon • subsp.
parviflorus Hook. & Arn. •
Lupinus parvifolius Gardner •
Lupinus pasachoensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pasadenensis Eastw. •
Lupinus patulus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus paucartambensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus paucovillosus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus paynei Davidson •
Lupinus pearceanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pendentiflorus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus peirsonii H. Mason – Peirson's lupine, long lupine •
Lupinus penlandianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus perblandus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus perbonus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus perennis L. – wild perennial lupine, sundial lupine, Indian beet, old maid's bonnets • subsp.
gracilis (Nutt.) D.B.Dunn • subsp.
occidentalis S. Watson • subsp.
perennis L. •
Lupinus perglaber Eastw. •
Lupinus perissophytus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus persistens Rose •
Lupinus peruvianus Ulbr. •
Lupinus philippianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus physodes Douglas •
Lupinus pickeringii A. Gray •
Lupinus pilosellus Eastw. •
Lupinus pilosissimus M. Martens & Galeotti •
Lupinus pinguis Ulbr. •
Lupinus pipersmithianus J.F. Macbr. •
Lupinus pisacensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus piurensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus platamodes C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus plattensis S. Watson •
Lupinus platyptenus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus polycarpus Greene – smallflower lupin •
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. – largeleaf lupine, bigleaf lupine, garden lupin, many-leaved lupine • var.
burkei (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchc. • var.
humicola (A.Nelson) Barneby • var.
pallidipes (A. Heller) C. P. Sm. • var.
polyphyllus Lindl. • var.
prunophilus (M. E. Jones) L. Ll. Phillips •
Lupinus poopoensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus popayanensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus potosinus Rose •
Lupinus praealtus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus praestabilis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus praetermissus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pratensis A.Heller – Inyo Meadow lupine •
Lupinus pringlei Rose •
Lupinus proculaustrinus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus prostratus J. Agardh •
Lupinus protrusus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus prouvensalanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus prunophilus M.E. Jones – hairy bigleaf lupin •
Lupinus pseudopolyphyllus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pseudotsugoides C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pubescens Benth. •
Lupinus pucapucensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pulloviridus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pulvinaris Ulbr. •
Lupinus punto-reyesensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus puracensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus purdieanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pureriae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus purosericeus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pusillus Pursh – rusty lupine or dwarf lupine • subsp.
intermontanus (A.Heller) D.B.Dunn • subsp.
pusillus Pursh •
Lupinus puyupatensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus pycnostachys C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus quellomayus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus quitensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus radiatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ramosissimus Benth. •
Lupinus reflexus Rose •
Lupinus regalis Bergmans •
Lupinus regnellianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus reineckianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus reitzii Burkart ex M. Pinheiro & Miotto •
Lupinus retrorsus L.F. Hend. •
Lupinus revolutus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus richardianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus rimae Eastw. •
Lupinus rivularis Lindl. – riverbank lupin •
Lupinus romasanus Ulbr. •
Lupinus roseolus Rydb. •
Lupinus roseorum C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus rotundiflorus M.E. Jones •
Lupinus rowleeanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ruber A. Heller •
Lupinus rubriflorus Planchuelo •
Lupinus ruizensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus rupestris Kunth •
Lupinus rusbyanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus russellianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus sabinianus Lindl. •
Lupinus sabinii Hook. •
Lupinus sabulosus A. Heller •
Lupinus salticola Eastw. •
Lupinus sandiensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus santanderensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus sarmentosus Desr. •
Lupinus saxatilis Ulbr. •
Lupinus saxosus Howell – rock lupine •
Lupinus schwackeanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus seifrizianus (C.P. Sm.) C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus sellowianus Harms •
Lupinus sellulus Kellogg • var.
lobbii (S.Watson) B.J.Cox • var.
sellulus Kellogg • var.
ursinus (Eastw.) B.J.Cox •
Lupinus semiprostratus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus semperflorens Benth. •
Lupinus sericatus Kellogg – Cobb Mountain lupine •
Lupinus sericeus Pursh – Pursh's silky lupin • var.
barbiger (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh • var.
sericeus Pursh •
Lupinus setifolius Planchuelo & D.B. Dunn •
Lupinus shastensis Lupinus albicaulis •
Lupinus shockleyi S. Watson – purple desert lupine •
Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standl. • subsp.
aquilinus (Wooton & Standl.) L.S.Fleak & D.B.Dunn • subsp.
sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standl. •
Lupinus simonsianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus simulans Rose •
Lupinus sinaloensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus sitgreavesii S. Watson •
Lupinus smithianus Kunth •
Lupinus solanagrorum C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus sonomensis A. Heller •
Lupinus soratensis Rusby •
Lupinus soukupianus C. P. Smith ex J. F. Macbr. •
Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth. – desert lupin, Coulter's lupin, Mojave lupin •
Lupinus spectabilis Hoover – shaggyhair lupine •
Lupinus splendens Rose •
Lupinus spragueanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus staffordiae C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus stipulatus J. Agardh •
Lupinus stiversii Kellogg – harlequin annual lupine •
Lupinus storkianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus subacaulis Griseb. •
Lupinus subcarnosus Hook. – buffalo clover •
Lupinus subcuneatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus subhamatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus subinflatus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus sublanatus Eastw. •
Lupinus submontanus Rose •
Lupinus subsessilis Benth. •
Lupinus subtomentosus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus subvexus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus succulentus K. Koch – succulent lupin, arroyo lupin, hollowleaf annual lupin •
Lupinus sufferrugineus Rusby •
Lupinus suksdorfii Robinson •
Lupinus sulfureus Douglas • subsp.
kincaidii (Suksd.) L. Ll. Phillips – Kincaid's lupin • subsp.
subsaccatus (Suksd.) L. Ll. Phillips • subsp.
sulfureus Douglas – sulfur lupin, sulfur-flowered lupin •
Lupinus surcoensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus syriggedes C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tacitus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tafiensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus talahuensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tamayoanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tarapacensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tarijensis Ulbr. •
Lupinus tarmaensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tatei Rusby •
Lupinus taurimortuus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tauris Benth. •
Lupinus tayacajensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tegeticulatus Eastw. •
Lupinus tetracercophorus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus texanus Hook. •
Lupinus texensis Hook. – Texas bluebonnet •
Lupinus thompsonianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tidestromii Greene – Tidestrøm's lupin • var.
layneae (Eastw.) Munz • var.
tidestromii Greene •
Lupinus tolimensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus tomentosus DC. •
Lupinus tominensis Wedd. •
Lupinus toratensis C.P. Sm. –
warwanzo,
lito •
Lupinus tracyi Eastw. – Tracy's lupine •
Lupinus triananus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus truncatus Hook. & Arn. – collared annual lupine •
Lupinus tucumanensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ulbrichianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus uleanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ultramontanus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus umidicola C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus uncialis S. Watson •
Lupinus uncinatus Schltdl. •
Lupinus urcoensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus urubambensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus valerioi Standl. •
Lupinus vallicola A. Heller – open lupin • subsp.
apricus (Greene) D.B.Dunn • subsp.
vallicola A. Heller •
Lupinus vargasianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus varicaulis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus variicolor Steud. – varied lupin •
Lupinus velillensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus velutinus Benth. •
Lupinus venezuelensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ventosus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus verbasciformis Sandwith •
Lupinus verjonensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus vernicius Rose •
Lupinus viduus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus vilcabambensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus villosus Willd. •
Lupinus visoensis J.F. Macbr. •
Lupinus volubilis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus weberbaueri Ulbr. •
Lupinus werdermannianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus westianus Small • var.
aridorum (McFarlin ex Beckner) Isely • var.
westianus Small •
Lupinus whiltoniae Eastw. •
Lupinus wilkesianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus williamlobbii C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus williamsianus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus xanthophyllus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus xenophytus C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus yanahuancensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus yarushensis C.P. Sm. •
Lupinus ynesiae C.P. Sm.
Subgenus Lupinus In its current
circumscription, subgenus
Lupinus includes 12 species from the Mediterranean region and Africa with at least four ovules or seedbuds in the ovary: •
Lupinus albus L. 1753 – white lupine • subsp.
albus L. • subsp.
graecus (Boiss. & Spruner) Franco & P.Silva • subsp.
termis (Forsk.) Ponert. •
Lupinus angustifolius L. 1753 – blue lupin, narrow-leafed lupin • var.
angustifolius L. • var.
albopunctatus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
griseomaculatus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
chalybens Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
corylinus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
purpureus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
rubidus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
atabekovae Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
sparsiusculus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
brunneus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
albosyringeus Taran. • var.
albidus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
candidus Kuptzov. et
Kurl. •
Lupinus atlanticus Gladstones 1974 •
Lupinus cosentinii Guss. 1828 – sandplain lupin •
Lupinus digitatus Forsk. 1775 •
Lupinus hispanicus Boiss. & Reut. 1842 • subsp.
bicolor (Merino) Gladst. • subsp.
hispanicus Boiss. & Reut. •
Lupinus luteus L. 1753 – yellow lupin • var.
luteus L. • var.
maculosus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
kazimierskii Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
arcellus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
sempolovskii (Atab)
Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
melanospermus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
niger Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
cremeus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
leucospermus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
sulfureus (Atab.) Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
stepanovae Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
ochroleucus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
aurantiacus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
croceus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
aureus Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
albicans Kurl. et Stankev. • var.
sinskayae Kurl. et Stankev. •
Lupinus micranthus Guss. 1828 •
Lupinus palaestinus Boiss. 1849 – white-grey lupine •
Lupinus pilosus Murr. 1774 – blue lupine •
Lupinus princei Harms 1901 •
Lupinus somaliensis Baker f. 1895
Species names with uncertain taxonomic status The status of the following binomials is unresolved: as it was believed that the plant ravenously exhausted the soil. But a more likely explanation is that
lupinus meant that the plants were as dangerous to livestock as wolves, because the alkaloid poisons of lupines can sicken or kill grazing animals, especially sheep. Farmers have known since ancient Rome that lupines improve soil by adding nitrogen and loosening compacted earth with their strong root systems, so the Collins explanation is improbable. == Ecology ==