Joos Maternal dynasty

The origins of the Joos as a matriclan is uncertain. What is known is that, it is just one of the many Serer matriclans The Lamanes were the old Serer kings. The exact period within the Serer calendar that this matriclan first acquired notoriety in Serer country is a matter of conjecture. Other than being in existence at the time of the Lamanes little is known about which part of the Lamanic period it first gained prominence. According to some sources, it was prominent by the first half of the 14th century. This corresponds to the collapse of the Lamanic Era (see also Lamane Jegan Joof, the Joof family and Guelowar). The name of their clan (Joos Fadiou) means the Joos of Fadiou (Fadiouth). ==History==

The Joos Maternal Dynasty was one of the Serer and Senegalese dysnasties in pre-colonial Senegal. The princess Lingeer Ndoye Demba (founder of this dynasty in Waalo) descended from the maternal line of Lingeer Fatim Beye, the matriarch of this dynasty, both originally from the Kingdom of Sine and members of the Serer ethnic group. Lingeer Fatim Beye who was a contemporary of Ndiadiane Ndiaye Having escaped Kaabu, the country of their birth, they were granted asylum by the Serer nobility to which Lingeer Fatim Beye's family were a member of. who went by the royal title Brak (title for the kings of Waalo). As well as this patrilineal mode of succession, a Brak had to belong to one of the main three royal matriclans before being eligible to succeed to the throne. These three maternal clans were the reigning maternal dynasties of Waalo and included: the Joos Maternal Dynasty (of Serer origin (of Fula origin) and Loggar (of Moor origin or simanGol meaning paternal lineage) as well as matrilineal (ƭeen yaay in Serer). Lingeer Ndoye Demba (princess of Sine) was given in marriage to the king of Waalo (Brak Caaka Mbooj) when he visited the Sine. The royal wedding took place in Sine, and after the marriage, the princess accompanied her husband to his country (Waalo). The Joos Maternal Dynasty although long established in Sine, and just one of the many Serer matriclans,), who was then the head of the Joos Dynasty galvanised the support of his maternal clan and led a massacre of the other maternal dynasties of Waalo, particularly the Tedyeks, the biggest rivals to the Joos. Many prominent members of the Tedyek clan were killed by the Joos including the reigning king at the time Brak Yerim Ndateh Boubou (Tedyek), as well as his family. had left his capital (Nder) on a visit to Ndar (St. Louis, in Senegal). However, the general consensus is that, there was only one historical "Talaata-i-Ndeer" ("The Battle of Nder") – the battle which took place between the Joos and Tedyek family. This confusion is due to a chronological error in Amadou Wade's Chronique du Walo where the year of reign for the kings of Waalo (Brak) were listed in error. Another reason for this confusion is that, the original battle instigated by the Joos, The surprise attack launched in Waalo against Brak Njaak Kumba Xuri Yaay's capital (Nder) by the Almamy of Futa, was just one of many of his jihadic expeditions especially in Jolof and Cayor. He was finally defeated by the Damel of Cayor (Amari Ngoneh Ndela or Amari Ngoné Ndella, reigned 1790–1809). Following the "Joos Wars" led by their leader Mö Mbôdy Kumba Khedy, the throne of Waalo was secured by the Joos family who spend a long time waging wars to retain it. or Seb ak Baor under Lingeer Ndateh Yalla Mbooj (a Tedyek) and her husband Morosso Tasse Jobe (prince of Cayor), the political scene of Waalo was dominated by the Joos and Tedyek Dynasty for nearly 600 years. The greatest threat to the Joos were the Tedyeks, who provided more kings of Waalo. The Loggars were prominent during early part of the Mbooj paternal dynasty, but lost their dominance later on. In the 18th century, they tried to allied themselves with the Joos in order to gain power and succeed to the throne. The Joos – Loggar alliances dominated the political scene of Waalo in this period. It also exacerbated the political situation of the country and the civil war. In this period where every maternal family tried to advance their own cause, alliances were formed and broken (see list of kings below, "Brak Yerim Kode Fara Mbune"). the full blood sister of Ndateh Yalla and daughter of Brak Amar Fatim Borso Mbooj (a Joos), is reported to have bribed a prominent member of the Council of Electors by the name of Jawdin Sharlu (var. Dyawdin Sharlu) with a total sum of 1500 French Francs and gold just to secure the election of her preferred candidate.) and her younger sister (Ndateh Yalla) were two of the most powerful women in Senegalese history in the first half of the 19th century. They were preceded by Lingeer Yassin (early 19th century) and Lingeer Mbarika Mbooj (17th century), two of the most powerful and influential women of Senegalese dynastic history. Both were from the Joos matriclan. Lingeer Mbarika Mbooj (var. Mborika or Mbarika Mbodje) was the mother of Brak Yerim Kode Ngone, the head of the 17 princes of Joos. Although the Jolof Empire collapsed in 1549 following the Battle of Danki, some kings of Jolof (Bourba) tried to rejuvenate the old Empire. As a council member of her son's court, Brak Yerim Kode Ngone spent many years of his reign trying to repulse the Jolof advance and liberate Waalo from the yoke of Jolof. He is reported to have died fighting his last war with Jolof. He is one of the most revered kings of Waalo for his part in achieving Waalo's independence, free from Jolof control. Waalo was totally liberated from the influence of Jolof few years after his death. ==List of kings==

The following is a list of some of the Braks of Waalo who partains to the Joos Maternal Dynasty. Their surname is Mbooj : • Brak Yerim Mbanyik Ndoye Demba Mbooj (var. Yérim Mbanyik Ndoy Demba), most probably reigned from to 1410 (or 1445–1457 according to some • Brak Kiou Kouli (var. Kioukouli • Brak Mayor Aissa • Brak Fara Koy Jon (var. Fara Koy Dyon or Fara Kodiègue), reigned c. 1676 – 1679), reigned c. 1673 – 1676?. • Brak Yerim Kode Fara Mbune Mbooj (var. Yérim Kodé Mbunè or Yérim Kodé Fara Mbouma • Brak Maboje Kumba (var. Mabodje Coumba • Brak Saayodo Yaasin Mbôdy Mbooj or 1805–1810 • Brak Amar Fatim Borso Mbooj (var. Amar Faatim Borsô or Amar Faty Mborso). Known for his anti-Islamic views. He is cited to have said a Brak should never convert to Islam. That was after the Almamy of Futa Toro (Almamy Biran) launched his jihad in his country among other Senegambian states such as Jolof and Cayor, and converted the king of Jolof as well as Brak Fara Penda Tigereleh (a Tedyek and predecessor of Brak Amar Fatim Borso). The Joos, led by Amar Fatim and other clan members, regarded Fara Penda as too weak for converting through fear, rather than standing up to the Almany. Although Fara Penda stated his conversion was sincere, he was not believed. Amar Fatim is also the father of Lingeer Ndateh Yalla and Njombout (both Tedyeks, their mother Lingeer Awo Fatim Yamar Khuri Yaye Mbooj). • Kharfi Khari Daaro (var. Khirfi Khary Daro), reigned 1837–1840 ==List of queens==

This list gives some of the prominent queens or queen mothers who belong to this maternal dynasty. They go by the royal title Lingeer (var. linger) : • Lingeer Fatim Beye – matriarch of the Joos c. 1335 • Lingeer Ndoye Demba, founder of the Joos dynasty in Waalo, c. 1367 • Lingeer Mbarika Mbooj (var. Mborika or Mbarika Mbodje) – mother of Brak Yerim Kode Ngone, the head of the 17 princes of Joos. • Lingeer Yassin (var. Yacine Mboj) – mother of Brak Saayodo Yassin Modi Mbooj and wife of prince Jabou Jouba Ali Mbooj (var. Diabou Douba Ali) ==See also==