•
Proto-Indo-Europeans ===
Celts=== •
Hispano-Celts/
Celts of Hispania - They lived in large parts of the
Iberian Peninsula, in the Northern, Central and Western regions (more than half of the peninsula's territory). •
Celtiberians (
Eastern Hispano-Celts/
Celts of Eastern Hispania) – Eastern
Iberian meseta (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the rivers
Douro,
Tagus,
Guadiana (
Anas),
Júcar,
Jalón (river),
Jiloca (river) and
Turia (river), (tribal confederation). Mixed
Celtic and
Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians. Not synonymous of all the
Celts that lived in the
Iberian Peninsula but to a narrower group, the majority of
Celtic tribes in the
Iberian Peninsula were not Celtiberians. They spoke
Celtiberian (a
Continental Celtic language of the
Q Celtic type). •
Arevaci •
Belli •
Cratistii •
Lobetani •
Lusones – Western
Zaragoza (province), Eastern
Guadalajara (Spain). •
Olcades •
Pellendones/
Cerindones, in high
Duero river course (
Numantia) and neighbouring mountains, might also have been related to the
Pelendi/
Belendi that dwelt in the middle
Sigmatis river, today's
Leyre (river). •
Titii (Celtiberian) •
Turboletae/
Turboleti •
Uraci/
Duraci •
Oretani? – northeastern
Andalusia, northwest
Murcia and southern fringes of
La Mancha, (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the
Guadalquivir (ancient
Baetis river); Some consider them not Celtic Ethnographic Map of Pre-Roman Iberia (circa 200 b. •
Western Hispano-Celts/Celts of Western Hispania - They spoke
Gallaecian (a
Continental Celtic language of the
Q Celtic type). •
Allotriges/
Autrigones – East
Burgos (Spain), Northwestern
La Rioja (Spain) to the Atlantic Coast. •
Astures — Asturias and
northern León (Spain), and east of
Trás os Montes (
Portugal), (tribal confederation). •
Cismontani • •
Cabruagenigi •
Gigurri •
Lancienses •
Lougei •
Orniaci •
Superatii •
Susarri/
Astures Proper •
Tiburi •
Zoelae – Eastern Trás-os-Montes (Portugal), (
Miranda do Douro). •
Transmontani •
Baedunienses •
Brigaentini •
Cabarci •
Iburri •
Luggones/
Lungones •
Paenii •
Paesici •
Saelini •
Vinciani •
Viromenici •
Bebryaces/
Berybraces – unknown location, may have been related to the
Bebryces (gauls) or the
Berones, there is also the possibility that it was an old name of the
Celtiberians. •
Berones –
La Rioja (Spain). •
Cantabri –
Cantabria, part of
Asturias and part of
Castile-Leon (Spain); some consider them not Celtic, but rather pre-Celtic
Indo-European as could have been the
Lusitani and
Vettones Ethnographic Map of Pre-Roman Iberia (circa 200 b, If their language was not Celtic it might have been Para-Celtic like
Ligurian (i.e. an
Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). (tribal confederation). •
Avarigines •
Blendii/
Plentusii/
Plentuisii •
Camarici/
Tamarici •
Concani •
Coniaci/
Conisci •
Moroecani •
Noegi •
Orgenomesci •
Salaeni/
Selaeni •
Vadinienses •
Vellici/
Velliques •
Caristii/
Carietes – today's west
Basque Country, they might have been Celtic (see
Late Basquisation), they were later assimilated by the
Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries; some consider them not Celtic, possibly a pre-Celtic
Indo-European people as the
Lusitani and
Vettones could have been. Ethnographic Map of Pre-Roman Iberia (circa 200 b. If their language was not Celtic it might have been Para-Celtic like
Ligurian (i.e. an
Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). •
Carpetani – Central
Iberian meseta (Spain), in the geographical centre of the
Iberian Peninsula, in a large part of today's
Castilla-La Mancha and
Madrid regions. A tribal confederation with 27 identified tribes. •
Aelariques - •
Aeturiques - •
Arquioci - in
Iplacea, Roman named
Complutum (today's
Alcalá de Henares) region. •
Acualiques - •
Bocouriques - •
Canbarici - in
Toletum (
Toledo) region. •
Contucianci - in
Segobriga region. •
Dagencii - •
Doviliques - •
Duitiques - •
Duniques - •
Elguismiques - •
Langioci - •
Longeidoci - •
Maganiques - •
Malugeniques - •
Manuciques - •
Maureici - •
Mesici - •
Metturici - •
Moenicci - •
Obisodiques - in
Toletum (
Toledo) region •
Pilonicori - •
Solici - •
Tirtaliques - in
Segobriga region. •
Uloques - •
Venatioques - •
Celtici – Portugal south of the
Tagus River and north of
Guadiana River (
Anas),
Alentejo and
Algarve (Portugal), western
Extremadura (Spain), (tribal confederation). •
Cempsi •
Conii – according to some scholars,
Conii and
Cynetes were two different peoples or tribes and the names were not two different names of the same people or tribe; in this case, the Conii possibly dwelt along the northern banks of the middle
Anas (
Guadiana) river, in today's western
Extremadura region of Spain, and were a Celtici tribe wrongly confused with the
Cynetes of
Cyneticum (
Algarve) that dwelt from the west banks of the Low
Anas (
Guadiana) river further to the south (the
celticization of the Cynetes by the Celtici confused the distinction between the two peoples or tribes). •
Mirobrigenses •
Sefes/
Saefes •
Celtici of
Arunda (
Ronda) – southernmost Celtic tribe, in south Turdetania, later
Baetica Roman province, (in today's western
Málaga Province),
Andalucia region. •
Cynetes –
Cyneticum (today's
Algarve region) and Low
Alentejo (
Portugal); originally probably
Tartessians or similar, later celtized by the
Celtici; according to some scholars, Cynetes and Conii were two different peoples or tribes •
Cauci (Vaccaei) – in
Cauca (Coca,
Segovia) •
Varduli – today's East
Basque Country, they might have been Celtic (see
Late Basquisation), they were later assimilated by the
Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries; Some consider them not Celtic, possibly a pre-Celtic
Indo-European people as the
Lusitani and
Vettones could have been. If their language was not Celtic it might have been Para-Celtic like
Ligurian (i.e. an
Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). Ethnographic Map of Pre-Roman Iberia (circa 200 b. •
Belgae? •
Suessetani - Far North Western
Aragon and Far South Eastern
Navarra (Spain), between the Gallicus (
Gállego) and Low
Aragon rivers and between the
Ebro river and
Sierra de Santo Domingo Mountains. Alba (Arba) river basin (a tributary of the
Ebro) was in the centre of their territory that also included the
Bardenas Reales. Corbio was their capital. They were North of the
Celtiberians, South of the
Iacetani and the
Vascones, West of the Galli (tribe). They were later conquered by the
Vascones in the 2nd century BC. that were allies of the
Romans. Could have been related to the
Suessiones (a tribe of the
Belgae). •
Eastern Celts - They spoke
Eastern Celtic or
Noric (a
Continental Celtic language). •
Volcae - an
Eastern Celtic people that came from today's
Moravia, central part of the
Hercynian Forest (
Hercynia Silva) •
Volciani – might have been a tribe related to the
Volcae and not to the Hispano-Celts/Iberian Celts (i.e. the
Celts of the
Iberian Peninsula). They have been located north of the
Iberus (
Ebro) river but not very precisely. •
Gauls (Galli) – Some Gaulish tribes might have migrated southwards and crossed the
Pyrenees (by the north, the central or the south areas of the mountains) in a second or a third Celtic wave to the
Iberian Peninsula. These tribes were different from the Hispano-Celtic/Iberian Celtic tribes. •
Galli (tribe) – along
Gallicus (
Gállego) river banks, see place names (toponyms) like Forum Gallorum,
Gallur, a different tribe from the
Suessetani; might have been a tribe related to the
Galli (
Gauls) and not to the Hispano-Celts/Iberian Celts.
Celts? Para-Celts, Pre-Celtic Indo-Europeans? ====
Lusitanians-
Vettones==== •
Lusitanians (
Lusitani/
Bellitani) – Portugal south of the
Douro River and north of
Tagus River, and northwestern
Extremadura (Spain). They spoke
Lusitanian that is a clearly
Indo-European language but the filiation as a
Celtic language is not surely proven (although many tribal names and place names, toponyms, are Celtic). Attempts to classify the language have also pointed at an
Italic origin. Hence
Lusitanian language may have been a Para-Celtic
Indo-European branch like
Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). The Lusitanians have also been identified as being a pre-Celtic
Indo-European speaking culture of the
Iberian Peninsula closely related to the neighbouring
Vettones tribal confederation. possibly a pre-Celtic
Indo-European people as the
Lusitani and
Vettones. If their language was not Celtic it might have been Para-Celtic like
Ligurian (i.e. an
Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). They might otherwise have been a non-Indo-European people related to the
Iberians, but not the same people), (tribal confederation but with a much more centralized power, and had formed an early
Kingdom or a Proto-civilisation, see
Tartessos) •
Cilbiceni – approximately in today's
Cádiz Province •
Elbisini/
Eloesti/
Olbisini – in today's
Huelva Province •
Etmanei – in the middle area of
Baetis river (
Guadalquivir) course and surrounding region, approximately in today's
Córdoba Province •
Gletes/
Galetes/
Ileates – in
Marianus Mons (
Sierra Morena), approximately in today's northern areas of the provinces of
Huelva,
Seville and
Córdoba •
Turdetani/
Tartessii Proper – in the low course of
Baetis river (
Guadalquivir) and surrounding region, approximately in today's
Seville Province ===
Germanic peoples?=== •
Germani (Oretania) ==See also==