The earliest evidence of human activity comes from the
Mesolithic peoples, who left thousands of
flint tools on the moorland surrounding Milnrow. A
hunter-gatherer site was excavated by the
Piethorne Brook in 1982, revealing a Mesolithic camp from which deer were hunted.
Neolithic activity is evidenced with a flint axe found at Newhey and a black stone axe found by
Hollingworth Lake. They imply the presence of
Celtic Britons. Remains of a silver statue of the Roman goddess
Victoria and
Roman coins were discovered at Tunshill Farm in 1793, and it is surmised that Romans traversed this area in communication with the
Castleshaw Roman Fort. in the rural Piethorne Valley. Livestock were kept here by the
Anglo-Saxons, and butter and wool production paved the way for industrial-age farming and commercial practices. The land was delineated during the
Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. It is theorised that this portion of the Manor of Rochdale was a seasonal
enclosure for livestock farming and butter production, giving rise to the name
Butterworth. Butterworth was applied to a broad area, within which was Milnrow, which also has
English toponymy implying Anglo-Saxon habitation. The meaning of the name Milnrow may mean a "mill with a row of houses", combining the Old English elements
myne and
raw, Physical evidence of Anglo-Saxons or
Norsemen comes from
monastic inscribed stones—one of which has
Latin text—discovered in 1986 at Lowhouse Farm. in the hamlets of
Belfield, Bleaked-gate-cum-Roughbank, Butterworth Hall, Clegg, Haughs, Lowhouse, Milnrow,
Newhey, Ogden, Tunshill, and Wildhouse. Records relating to these hamlets in the
High Middle Ages are vague or incomplete, but show land was owned variously by the families, the Elland family, the Holland family, the Byron family, or the
Knights Hospitaller. and their descendants include the
Barons Byron in the
peerage of England. In 1253,
King Henry III granted rights to the Knights Hospitaller to conduct the trials of suspected thieves, regulate the production and sale of food using the
Assize of Bread and Ale, and erect a
gallows for public executions. Butterworth had no church, it was part of the
parish of Rochdale with ties to St Chad's Church in Rochdale. The scattered community in and around Butterworth was primarily agricultural, and centered on
hill farming. and a
chapel of ease for the wider community followed in 1496. A document dated 20 March 1496 from the reign of
Henry VII, proclaims that open land by the River Beal at Milnrow would be the site of the new chapel, distinguishing it as a
chapelry, Interference from donors led to accusations of corruption and its confiscation by
the Crown at the
Dissolution of the Monasteries. s in Milnrow, built using
sandstone in a style typical of the area. Handloom weaving of
woollens was the staple industry during the
early modern period. Shallow coal mining was recorded at Milnrow in 1610,
Millstone Grit was the main building material of the time, used for
dry stone farmhouses and field boundaries. Milnrow stayed this way throughout the
Late Middle Ages— its chapel appearing intermittently in records— Beginning as a subsidiary occupation, the
carding,
spinning, and handloom weaving of woollen cloth in the
domestic system became the staple industry of Milnrow in the 17th century. allowing access to woollen markets in
Yorkshire and enabling commercial prosperity and expansion.
Fulling and
textile bleaching was introduced, Demand for Milnrow flannel began to outstrip its supply of
wool, resulting in imports from
Ireland and the
English Midlands. and Milnrow's William Clegg Company established what was said to be the largest fellmongering yard in England. providing Milnrow with the material to extend the fully reinstated Milnrow Chapel in 1715, Milnrow became a village of
working class traders who used Rochdale as a central marketing and finishing hub; Road links to other markets were enhanced during the late-18th century, culminating in an
Act of Parliament passed in 1805 to create a
turnpike from Newhey to
Huddersfield. During surveys and excavations by
Oxford Archaeology in the Kingsway Business Park, ten yeoman houses were identified dating to the seventeenth and early part of the eighteenth centuries. These included Moss Side Farm, Lower and Higher Moss Side Farms, Cherry Tree Farm, Lower Lane Farm, Pyche, Lane End and Castle Farm .
Middleton-born
Radical writer
Samuel Bamford wrote that at the beginning of the 19th century "such a thing as a cotton or woollen factory was not in existence" in Milnrow. By 1815, three commercial manufacturers had established woollen mills in Milnrow. The
Industrial Revolution introduced the
factory system which was adopted by the local inhabitants; the River Beal was the main power source for new woollen weaving mills and technologies. Unusually for the period and region, women in particular were employed as chainmakers by Milnrow's
blacksmiths during the 19th century. The Corn Laws were repealed in 1846, and
Ordnance Survey maps show Milnrow to have had three woollen mills, and one cotton mill by 1848. The construction of rectangular multi-storey brick cotton mills followed, and
The British Trade Journal noted that cottages in Milnrow and Newhey were "in great demand".
Terraced houses with
slate roofs and facades of stone or red
brick were built in rows to house an influx of workers and families. The
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway opened the
Oldham Loop railway line in 1863, with stations at Milnrow and Newhey—the latter gave rise to the "industrial village" of Newhey, with mills and housing built concentrically outwards from the railway line. Butterworth Hall Colliery opened in 1865. Inspired by the
Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, and using the
Rochdale Principles,
consumers' co-operative groups were established at Milnrow, Newhey, Ogden and Firgrove throughout the second half of the 19th century. In 1885, municipal buildings were developed for the Milnrow Local Board, while an act of parliament empowered the Oldham Corporation to make further purchases in the Piethorne Valley so as to create additional reservoirs. An elected
urban district council was established for the "thriving town" of Milnrow and its hinterland in 1894, was opened through Milnrow in 1971. Cotton spinning was the principal industry in Milnrow in the 1910s—Newhey alone had ten cotton mills employing over 2,000 people at 1911, The "most disastrous fire on record" in the Milnrow area resulted in the "spectacular" destruction of Newhey's
Ellenroad Mill in 1916, at a cost of £150,000 (£ in ), but with no loss of life.
Tank Week, a national touring campaign to help fund the
British heavy tanks of World War I, came to Milnrow resulting in a collective donation of £180,578 (£ in ) from the people of the district. Butterworth Hall Colliery closed in 1928,
Social housing estates of semi-detached properties with gardens were constructed in both Milnrow and Newhey during the 1930s, Cliffe House at Newhey, formerly occupied by the prominent Heap manufacturing family, was demolished and in 1952 its grounds were opened as the recreational and publicly owned Milnrow Memorial Park. Following the
Great Depression, the region's textile sector experienced a decline until its eventual demise in the mid-20th century. Milnrow's last standing cotton mill was Butterworth Hall Mill, demolished in the late 1990s. Milnrow experienced population growth and suburbanisation in the second half of the 20th century, spurred by the construction of the
M62 motorway through the area, making Greater Manchester and
West Yorkshire commutable. a
Bellway-constructed housing estate was built next to the canal between 2005 and 2007.
Milnrow tram stop opened as part of Greater Manchester's light-rail
Metrolink network on 28 February 2013. Although its route through Milnrow was carefully planned to mitigate against bad weather conditions, the local section of the M62 was made impassable by the "
Beast from the East" cold weather wave in March 2018. Stranded motorists were invited in to homes and offered food and shelter by "kindhearted" volunteers in Milnrow and Newhey while the
British Army cleared the motorway. ==Governance==