There are some 18 extant and 14 extinct Panoan languages. In the list of Panoan languages below adapted from Fleck (2013), () means extinct, and (*) obsolescent (no longer spoken daily). Dialects are listed in parentheses. •
Panoan • Mayoruna •
Tabatinga Mayoruna [most divergent] • Mayo • Matses •
Matses (Peruvian Matses, Brazilian Matses, Paud Usunkid) •
Kulino (of Curuça)* (Kapishtana*, Mawi*, Chema*) •
Demushbo •
Korubo (Korubo, Chankueshbo*) • Matis •
Matis •
Jandiatuba Mayoruna •
Amazon Mayoruna (two dialects) • Mainline Panoan •
Kasharari [most divergent] •
Kashibo (Kashibo, Rubo/Isunbo, Kakataibo, Nokaman) • Nawa branch (from least to most divergent) • Bolivian •
Chokobo/
Pakawara (Chokobo, Pakawara) •
Karipuna [possibly a dialect of Chokobo-Pakawara] • ?
Chiriba • Madre de Dios •
Atsawaka-Yamiaka (Atsawaka, Yamiaka) •
Arazaire •
Blanco River Remo •
Tarauacá Kashinawa • Marubo •
Marubo [of the Javari Basin] •
Katukina (or Waninawa: Katukina of Olinda, Katukina of Sete Estrelas, Kanamari) •
Olivença Kulina • Poyanawa* •
Poyanawa •
Iskonawa* •
Nukini • ?
Môa Nawa* [tentative due to lack of data] •
Jaquirana Remo • Chama •
Shipibo (Shipibo-Konibo, Tapiche Kapanawa*) •
Pano* (Pano , Shetebo*, Piskino*) •
Sensi • Headwaters •
Ibuaçu Kashinawa (Brazilian Kashinawa, Peruvian Kashinawa, Juruá Kapanawa, Parannawa) •
Yaminawa (Brazilian Yaminawa dialects, Peruvian Yaminawa, Chaninawa, Chitonawa, Mastanawa, Parkenawa (= Yora), Shanenawa, Sharanawa/Marinawa, Shawannawa (= Arara), Yawanawa, Yaminawa-arara*, Nehanawa) •
Amawaka (Peruvian Amawaka, Nishinawa, Yumanawa) •
Môa Remo (resembles Amawaka) •
Tuchinawa (resembles Yaminawa dialects) Boundaries between the Poyanawa, Chama, and Headwaters groups are somewhat blurred.
Karipuna and
Môa River Nawa may not be distinct languages, and
Chiriba may not be Panoan at all. Hundreds of other Panoan "languages" have been reported in the literature. These are names of groups that may have been ethnically Panoan, but whose language is unattested. They sometimes are assumed to be Panoan on no other evidence than that the name ends in
-nawa or
-bo. A few, such as
Maya (
Pisabo), are unattested but reported to be mutually intelligible with a known Panoan language (in this case
Matsés). The people speaking one of these supposed languages, (Kuntanawa), was rediscovered in 1987, reported bilingual in their language and Portuguese. However, no linguistic information is available, and it is not known if they speak a distinct language.
Amarante Ribeiro (2005) Classification of the Panoan languages according to Amarante Ribeiro (2005): •
Panoan • Group I •
Amawaka • Group II • Subgroup II-1 •
Kashibo •
Nokaman • Subgroup II-2 •
Shipibo •
Kapanawa •
Panobo • Group III • Subgroup III-1 •
Iskonawa •
Kaxinawa • Subgroup III-2 • Subgroup III-2-1 •
Nukini •
Remo • Subgroup III-2-2 • Subgroup III-2-2-1 •
Kanamari •
Katukina •
Marubo • Subgroup III-2-2-2 •
Mastanawa •
Tuxinawa •
Yoranawa •
Sharanawa •
Shanenawa •
Arara •
Yawanawa •
Xitonawa •
Yaminawa • Subgroup III-2-3 •
Kaxarari •
Poyanawa • Group IV • Subgroup IV-1 •
Kapishto •
Matsés •
Kulina •
Matis • Subgroup IV-2 •
Atsawaka •
Arazaire •
Yamiaka • Subgroup IV-3 •
Karipuna •
Chacobo •
Pakawara Oliveira (2014) Internal classification by Oliveira (2014: 123): •
Panoan •
Group 1: Kashíbo •
Group 2 • Shípibo-Kónibo, Kapanáwa • Marúbo (?) •
Group 3: Chákobo, Kaxararí (?) •
Group 4: Yamináwa, Chanináwa, Sharanáwa •
Group 5: Shanenáwa, Katukína •
Group 6: Poyanáwa (?), Amawáka •
Group 7 • Kaxinawá, Marináwa • Yawanawá •
Group 8: Mayorúna, Matís, Korúbo
Jolkesky (2016) Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016): ( = extinct) •
Pano • Pano, Northern •
Kulina (Pano) •
Korubo •
Matis •
Matses •
Pisabo • Pano, Nuclear •
Kasharari • Pano, Western •
Kashibo,
Kakataibo •
Nokaman • Pano, Central • Purus •
Amawaka •
Kashinawa • Yaminawa-Iskonawa-Marinawa:
Iskonawa,
Marinawa,
Yaminawa;
Yawanawa • Jurua •
Kanamari (Pano) •
Katukina (Pano) •
Marubo • Nukini-Remo •
Nukini •
Remo •
Poyanawa • Atsawaka •
Arazaeri •
Atsawaka •
Yamiaka • Chakobo •
Chakobo •
Karipuna (Pano) •
Pakawara • Shipibo-Kapanawa •
Kapanawa • Shipibo-Wariapano:
Sensi ;
Wariapano;
Shipibo Homonyms Much of the confusion surrounding Panoan languages is the number of homonyms among different languages. The principal ambiguous names are as follows: ; Northern languages •
Pano /
Pánobo - spoken in the village of
Contamana on the
Ucayali River, Loreto province, Peru. •
Maruba /
Maxuruna /
Mayoruna /
Pelado /
Dallus - spoken on the
Maruba River and
Jandiatuba River, state of Amazonas. •
Culino - extinct language once spoken between the
Jutaí River,
Javarí River, and
Jandiatuba River, Amazonas. •
Panau - spoken by only a few families in
Seringal Barão,
Rio Branco, territory of Acre, Brazil. (Unattested.) •
Cashibo /
Cacataibo /
Caxivo /
Hagueti - spoken on the
Pachitea River,
Pisqui River, and
Aguaytía River, Loreto, Peru. •
Manamabobo - extinct language once spoken on the
Pachitea River, Peru. (Unattested.) •
Carapacho /
Caliseca - once spoken on the
Carapacho River, Peru. (Unattested.) •
Pichobo - once spoken at the mouth of the
Paguamigua River in Peru. (Unattested.) •
Sobolbo /
Bolbo - once spoken on the
Cohengua River, Peru. (Unattested.) •
Mochobo - once spoken between the
Guanie River and
Guarimi River. (Unattested.) •
Maspo - once spoken on the
Taco River and
Manipaboro River. (Unattested.) •
Comobo /
Univitsa - once spoken in the same region on the
Inua River and
Unini River. (Unattested.) •
Conibo /
Cunibo /
Curibeo - spoken along the
Ucayali River between 8° 30' and 10° latitude. •
Cháma /
Manava /
Chipeo /
Setebo /
Shipibo /
Puinahva - spoken on the
Ucayali River north of the Conibo tribe. •
Nocamán - spoken at the sources of the
Chesco River, Loreto. •
Ruanagua - spoken on the
Corjuania River, Loreto. (Unattested.) •
Capanagua - spoken on the
Tapiche River and Blanco River, Loreto. •
Busquipani - once spoken on the
Alacrán River, Loreto. (Unattested.) •
Custanáwa - spoken on the upper course of the
Purus River near the mouth of the
Curanja River, Loreto. (Unattested.) •
Espino - spoken on the
Curumaha River in the same region. (Unattested.) •
Yura - once spoken on the
Piqueyaco River, Loreto. (Unattested.) •
Marináwa - spoken on the
Furnaya River, Loreto. (Pike and Scott 1962.) •
Xaranáwa - spoken on the
Curanja River, Loreto. (Unattested.) •
Canawari - extinct language once spoken on the
Curumaha River and
Rixalá River, Acre territory, Brazil •
Nucuini /
Remo /
Rheno - spoken at the sources of the
Javari River and on the
Moenalco River and
Ipixuna River, state of Amazonas. •
Amahuaca /
Sayaco /
Impetineri - spoken on the
Urubamba River and
Ucayali River, Loreto, and on the
Purus River and
Juruá River, Acre. •
Mastináhua - spoken on the
Purus River in the same territory. (Unattested.) •
Cachináua /
Huñikui - spoken between the
Embira River,
Liberdade River, and
Tarauacá River, state of Amazonas. •
Tuxináua - spoken on the
Embira River and
Humaitá River, Acre. •
Camanáwa - on the
Môa River in Acre. (Unattested.) •
Pacanáwa - spoken at the sources of the
Embira River, Acre. (Unattested.) •
Nehanáwa - spoken by a small tribe on the
Jordão River, Acre. •
Nastanáwa - spoken on the upper course of the
Jordão River. •
Cuyanáwa - spoken between the
Môa River and
Paraná dos Mouros River, Acre territory. (Unattested.) •
Sacuya - once spoken between the
Juruá River and
Tamaya River, Acre. (Unattested.) •
Xanindáua - spoken by a small tribe on the
Riozinho River, Acre. (Unattested.) •
Coronáwa - spoken in the Acre territory, but exact location unknown. (Unattested.) •
Yauavo - once spoken between the
Tejo River and
Aturia River, Acre. (Unattested.) ; Yaminaua group •
Yaminaua - spoken at the sources of the
Tarauaca River, territory of Acre. •
Poyanáwa - spoken in Acre territory on the
Môa River. •
Yumanáwa - spoken on the
Muruzinho River, Acre. •
Paran-náwa - spoken on the
Muru River, Acre. •
Nixináwa - spoken on the
Jordão River, Acre. •
Yawanáwa - spoken in Acre territory on the upper course of the
Jordão River. •
Sanináwa /
Shanináua - spoken on the
Valparaiso River,
Liberdade River, and
Humaitá River, Acre. •
Xipináwa - spoken between the
Valparaiso River and
Liberdade River. (Unattested.) •
Aranáwa - spoken between the
Humaitá River and
Liberdade River. (Unattested.) •
Contanáwa - spoken in Acre on the upper course of the
Tarauaca River and on the
Humaitá River. (Unattested.) •
Yumináhua - spoken on the
Tarauaca River, Acre. (Unattested.) •
Wamináua /
Catoquino do Rio Gregorio - spoken in the same territory on the
Gregorio River. ; Sensi group •
Sensi - spoken on the
Huanachá River and
Chanuya River,
department of Loreto, Peru. ; Central group •
Yamiaca /
Haauñeiri - spoken by a small tribe on the
Yaguarmayo River, department of Madre de Dios, Peru. •
Arazaire - language spoken by a few families in the same region on the
Marcapata River. •
Atsahuaca /
Chaspa - spoken on the
Carama River in Peru. •
Araua - extinct language once spoken on the
Chiva River, territory of Colonia, Bolivia. (Unattested.) ; Eastern group •
Chacobo - spoken around
Lake Rogoaguado, Beni province, Bolivia. •
Capuibo - once spoken on the
Biata River in Beni province, Bolivia. (Unattested.) •
Pacaguara - language now probably extinct, once spoken between the
Beni River and
Abuña River. •
Sinabo /
Shenabu /
Gritones - language now probably extinct, once spoken on the
Mamoré River near Los Almendrales, Beni Province. (Unattested.) •
Caripuna /
Jaunavô /
Shakáre /
Éloe /
Yacariá - spoken in the nineteenth century along the
Madeira River and the sources of the
Beni River, now only in a single village at the mouth of the
Mutumparaná River, Rondônia. •
Pama /
Pamainá - language of an unknown tribe of the
Caldeirão River, territory of Rondônia. (Unattested.) ==Grammatical features==