Qarmatians Baalbek witnessed turbulent conditions when the
Qarmatians appeared in the Levant in the year 290 AH / 905 AD under the command of
Al-Hussein bin Zikrawayh bin Mehrawih, who succeeded his brother
Yahya bin Zikrawayh, the founder of the Qarmatian revolt, and Al Hussein succeeded in occupying
Damascus and
Homs. And his forces started a series of devastating theft and extreme looting. In the same year he marched to Baalbek and put the sword to the necks of its people, killing the majority of its inhabitants, and contemporary historians' statements confirm his harsh revenge against the people of Baalbek, and do not give a reason for the killing.
Al-Tabari and
Ibn Al-Atheer agreed on the following statement: “
He killed most of its people until there was nothing left of them - as was said - except for a little, then he killed the animals.”
Tulunids . The
Tulunids were overthrown by the sailor
Demian, known as “Demian of Tyre,” who was famously known for repelling the Byzantines, along with the great sailor
Leo of Tripoli, the Tyrian naval fleet achieved a victory over the Byzantines under the leadership of the Qadi Muhammad ibn al-Abbas al-Jamahi in the year 296 AH / 908 AD.
Abbasids Under the command of Ibn Zakarwayh, Baalbek disobeyed
al-Muktafi and began to pray and preach to the leader of the Qarmatians. But
Muhammad bin Suleiman, a senior official and commander of the
Abbasid Caliphate, was able to return the whole of the Levant to the fold of the caliphate after he got rid of its Qarmatian influence and put down their revolution in the year 291 AH / 906 AD. Baalbek returned to the authority of the Abbasids. '' minted in Palestine under al-Ikhshid, 944 CE. From 942 on, Ibn Tughj included his name and title ("Muhammad al-Ikhshid"), alongside that of the caliph in his coinage.
Revolt of Tripoli In
Tripoli, 357 AH corresponding to the year 968 AD, there was a revolution against the Ikhshidid rule as a result of the tyranny of the governor, Abu al-Hasan Ahmed bin Ghurair al-Arghli, and his injustice and cruelty in the treatment of the people. It is known that Tripoli was affiliated at the time to the
Wilayat of Damascus, and that the Damascene
wali is the one who appoints the governor of Tripoli. The people expelled the ruler from the city, so he settled in the and fortified it, and the residents of Tripoli became without a ruler or an
Amir. In the meantime, the Byzantine Emperor
Nikephoros Phocas II arrived in Tripoli during his campaign in the Levant, aiming to seize the region from Muslim control. By this point, he had already captured the northern part of the country, including
Arqa. He arrested Abu Al-Hassan bin Ghurair Al-Arghli and took all his money, then he went to Tripoli and went down to it on the day of
Eid Al-Adha and stayed in it that night and burned its territory and returned to the coastal countries. of Nikephoros II (right) alongside Mother Mary, 963-969 AD.
Hamdanids After the establishment of the Hamdanid state in
Aleppo,
Saif al-Dawla extended his authority to Baalbek in the year 335 AH / 947 AD. Although Damascus revolted against Sayf al-Dawla, and favored the Ikhshidids when
Kafur al-Ikhshidi regained it, Baalbek separated from Damascus, and remained a fortress for Sayf al-Dawla until his death in the year 356 AH / 967 AD. After the death of Saif al-Dawla, the Byzantines invaded it, and plundered it along with all the other Hamdanid cities.
Fatimids In the year 359 AH / 970 AD, the
Fatimid leader (
Jawhar) arrived in Damascus and took possession of it and then he went to Baalbek and subjugated it and performed a sermon in it to the Fatimid Caliph
Al-Mu’izz after it had been to the Abbasid
Al-Muti’. And the call to prayer was made in (an
Adhān formula) and the city followed the deputy of Damascus,
Jaafar bin Falah.
Anti-Fatimid rebellions In 975, the anti-Fatimid rebel
Alptakin resolved to extend his influence over the Bekaa Valley and the coastal Lebanese cities shortly after his occupation of Damascus, so he marched towards Baalbek to fight Zālim Ibn Mawhūb, and succeeded in defeating him. He fled and hid with Prince Tamim bin Al-Mundhir bin Al-Nu`man Al-Arslani, then he wrote to Al-Mu`izz informing him of the situation, so Al-Mu`izz ordered him to reside in Sidon.
Tyrian Revolt A revolt was led by a sailor named Allaqa took place in Tyre against Fatimid influence and perceived neglect, the rebels drove out the Fatimids for two years until the revolt was suppressed with the help of Hamdanid prince
Abu Abdallah al-Husayn in 998, whereby the latter was subsequently assigned as governor of the city and its surroundings. ==Events==