Apple silicon

The A series is a family of SoCs used in the iPhone, certain iPad models (including iPad Mini and entry-level iPad), MacBook Neo, and the Apple TV. A-series chips were also used in the discontinued iPod Touch line and the original HomePod. They integrate one or more ARM-based processing cores (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), cache memory and other electronics necessary to provide mobile computing functions within a single physical package. Apple A4 The Apple A4 is a PoP SoC manufactured by Samsung, the first SoC Apple designed in-house. It combines an ARM Cortex-A8 CPU also used in Samsung's S5PC110A01 SoC and a PowerVR SGX 535 graphics processor (GPU), all built on Samsung's 45-nanometer silicon chip fabrication process. The design emphasizes power efficiency. The A4 commercially debuted in 2010, in Apple's iPad tablet, and was later used in the iPhone 4 smartphone, the fourth-generation iPod Touch, and the 2nd-generation Apple TV. The Cortex-A8 core used in the A4, dubbed Hummingbird, is thought to use performance improvements developed by Samsung in collaboration with chip designer Intrinsity, which was subsequently acquired by Apple It can run at far higher clock rates than other Cortex-A8 designs yet remains fully compatible with the design provided by ARM. The A4 runs at different speeds in different products: 1 GHz in the first iPads and 2nd-generation Apple TV, and 800 MHz in the iPhone 4 and fourth-generation iPod Touch. The A4's SGX535 GPU could theoretically push 35 million polygons per second and 500 million pixels per second, although real-world performance may be considerably less. Other performance improvements include additional L2 cache. The A4 processor package does not contain RAM, but supports PoP installation. The 1st-generation iPad, fourth-generation iPod Touch, and the 2nd-generation Apple TV have an A4 mounted with two low-power 128 MB DDR SDRAM chips (totaling 256 MB), while the iPhone 4 has two 256 MB packages for a total of 512 MB. The RAM is connected to the processor using ARM's 64-bit-wide AMBA 3 AXI bus. To give the iPad high graphics bandwidth, the width of the RAM data bus is double that used in previous ARM11- and ARM9-based Apple devices. Apple A5 The Apple A5 is an SoC manufactured by Samsung that replaced the A4. The chip commercially debuted with the release of Apple's iPad 2 tablet in March 2011, followed by its release in the iPhone 4S smartphone later that year. Compared to the A4, the A5 CPU "can do twice the work" and the GPU has "up to nine times the graphics performance", according to Apple. The A5 contains a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 CPU with ARM's advanced SIMD extension, marketed as NEON, and a dual core PowerVR SGX543MP2 GPU. This GPU can push between 70 and 80 million polygons/second and has a pixel fill rate of 2 billion pixels/second. The iPad 2's technical specifications page says the A5 is clocked at 1 GHz, though it can adjust its frequency to save battery life. The clock speed of the unit used in the iPhone 4S is 800 MHz. Like the A4, the A5 process size is 45 nm. An updated 32 nm version of the A5 processor was used in the third-generation Apple TV, the fifth-generation iPod Touch, the iPad Mini, and the new version of iPad 2 (version iPad2,4). The chip in the Apple TV has one core locked. Markings on the square package indicate that it is named APL2498, and in software, the chip is called S5L8942. The 32 nm variant of the A5 provides around 15% better battery life during web browsing, 30% better when playing 3D games and about 20% better battery life during video playback. In March 2013, Apple released an updated version of the 3rd-generation Apple TV (Rev A, model A1469) containing a smaller, single-core version of the A5 processor. Unlike the other A5 variants, this version of the A5 is not a PoP, having no stacked RAM. The chip is very small, just 6.1×6.2 mm, but as the decrease in size is not due to a decrease in feature size (it is still on a 32 nm fabrication process), this indicates that this A5 revision is of a new design. Markings tell that it is named APL7498, and in software, the chip is called S5L8947. Apple A5X The Apple A5X is an SoC announced on March 7, 2012, at the launch of the third-generation iPad. It is a high-performance variant of the Apple A5; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5. It was superseded in the fourth-generation iPad by the Apple A6X processor. The A5X has a quad-core graphics unit (PowerVR SGX543MP4) instead of the previous dual-core as well as a quad-channel memory controller that provides a memory bandwidth of 12.8 GB/s, roughly three times more than in the A5. The added graphics cores and extra memory channels add up to a very large die size of 165 mm2, for example twice the size of Nvidia Tegra 3. This is mainly due to the large PowerVR SGX543MP4 GPU. The clock frequency of the dual ARM Cortex-A9 cores have been shown to operate at the same 1 GHz frequency as in A5. The RAM in A5X is separate from the main CPU package. Apple A6 The Apple A6 is a PoP SoC introduced on September 12, 2012, at the launch of the iPhone 5, then a year later was inherited by its minor successor the iPhone 5C. Apple states that it is up to twice as fast and has up to twice the graphics power compared to its predecessor the Apple A5. It is 22% smaller and draws less power than the 45 nm A5. The A6 is said to use a 1.3 GHz custom rather than a licensed CPU from ARM like in previous designs, and an integrated 266 MHz triple-core PowerVR SGX 543MP3 graphics processing unit (GPU). The Swift core in the A6 uses a new tweaked instruction set, ARMv7s, featuring some elements of the ARM Cortex-A15 such as support for the Advanced SIMD v2, and VFPv4. Apple A6X Apple A6X is an SoC introduced at the launch of the fourth-generation iPad on October 23, 2012. It is a high-performance variant of the Apple A6. Apple claims the A6X has twice the CPU performance and up to twice the graphics performance of its predecessor, the Apple A5X. Like the A6, this SoC continues to use the dual-core Swift CPU, but it has a new quad core GPU, quad channel memory and slightly higher 1.4 GHz CPU clock rate. It uses an integrated quad-core PowerVR SGX 554MP4 graphics processing unit (GPU) running at 300 MHz and a quad-channel memory subsystem. Compared to the A6 the A6X is 30% larger, but it continues to be manufactured by Samsung on a high-κ metal gate (HKMG) 32 nm process. The Apple A7 chip is the first 64-bit chip to be used in a smartphone and later a tablet computer. It includes a dedicated Secure Enclave Processor to help store and protect the data from the Touch ID fingerprint sensor on the iPhone 5S and iPad mini 3.–1.4 GHz 64-bit ARMv8-A dual-core CPU, The ARMv8-A architecture doubles the number of registers of the A7 compared to the A6. It now has 31 general-purpose registers that are each 64-bits wide and 32 floating-point/NEON registers that are each 128-bits wide. and the chip includes over 1 billion transistors on a die 102 mm2 in size. A year later it would drive the iPad Mini 4. Apple states that it has 25% more CPU performance and 50% more graphics performance while drawing only 50% of the power compared to its predecessor, the Apple A7. On February 9, 2018, Apple released the HomePod, which is powered by an Apple A8 with 1 GB of RAM. The A8 features an Apple-designed 1.4 GHz 64-bit ARMv8-A The A8 is manufactured on a 20 nm process by TSMC, which replaced Samsung as the manufacturer of Apple's mobile device processors. It contains 2 billion transistors. Despite that being double the number of transistors compared to the A7, its physical size has been reduced by 13% to 89 mm2 (consistent with a shrink only, not known to be a new microarchitecture). Apple A8X The Apple A8X is a 64-bit SoC introduced at the launch of the iPad Air 2 on October 16, 2014. It is a high performance variant of the Apple A8. Apple states that it has 40% more CPU performance and 2.5 times the graphics performance of its predecessor, the Apple A7. Unlike the A8, this SoC uses a triple-core CPU, a new octa-core GPU, dual channel memory and slightly higher 1.5 GHz CPU clock rate. It uses an integrated custom octa-core PowerVR GXA6850 graphics processing unit (GPU) running at 450 MHz and a dual-channel memory subsystem. Apple states that it has 70% more CPU performance and 90% more graphics performance compared to its predecessor, the Apple A8. Apple A9X The Apple A9X is a 64-bit SoC that was announced on September 9, 2015, and released on November 11, 2015, and first appeared in the iPad Pro. It offers 80% more CPU performance and two times the GPU performance of its predecessor, the Apple A8X. It is manufactured by TSMC using a 16 nm FinFET process. Unlike its predecessor, the A8X, the Apple A9X runs on an increased 2.16 to 2.26 GHz clock rate. Apple A10 Fusion The Apple A10 Fusion is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, which were introduced on September 7, 2016. The A10 is also featured in the sixth-generation iPad, seventh-generation iPad and seventh-generation iPod Touch. It has a new ARM big.LITTLE quad core design with two high performance cores, and two smaller highly efficient cores. It is 40% faster than the A9, with 50% faster graphics, and runs at an improved 2.34 GHz clock rate. It is manufactured by TSMC on their 16 nm FinFET process. Apple A10X Fusion The Apple A10X Fusion is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the 10.5″ iPad Pro and the second generation of the 12.9″ iPad Pro, which were both announced on June 5, 2017. It is a variant of the A10 and Apple claims that it has 30 percent faster CPU performance and 40 percent faster GPU performance than its predecessor, the A9X. Apple A11 Bionic The Apple A11 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X, which were introduced on September 12, 2017. It is also the first A-series chip to feature Apple's "Neural Engine," which enhances artificial intelligence and machine learning processes. Apple A12 Bionic The Apple A12 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the iPhone XS, XS Max and XR, which were introduced on September 12, 2018. It is also used in the third-generation iPad Air, fifth-generation iPad Mini, the eighth-generation iPad, and the second generation Apple TV 4K. It has two high-performance cores, which are 15% faster than the A11 Bionic, and four high-efficiency cores, which have 50% lower power usage than the energy-efficient cores in the A11 Bionic. The A12 is manufactured by TSMC FinFET process, the first to ship in a smartphone. Apple A12X Bionic The Apple A12X Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the 11″ iPad Pro and the third generation of the 12.9″ iPad Pro, which were both announced on October 30, 2018. It offers 35% faster single-core and 90% faster multi-core CPU performance than its predecessor, the A10X. It has four high-performance cores and four high-efficiency cores. The A12X is manufactured by TSMC using a 7 nm FinFET process. Apple A12Z Bionic The Apple A12Z Bionic is an updated version of the A12X Bionic, first appearing in the fourth generation iPad Pro, which was announced on March 18, 2020. It adds an additional GPU core, compared to the A12X, for improved graphics performance. The A12Z is also used in the Developer Transition Kit prototype computer that helps developers prepare their software for Macs based on Apple silicon. Apple A13 Bionic The Apple A13 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max, which were introduced on September 10, 2019. It is also featured in the second-generation iPhone SE (released April 15, 2020), the 9th generation iPad (announced September 14, 2021) and in the Studio Display (announced March 8, 2022) The entire A13 SoC features a six-core CPU, four-core GPU, and an eight-core Neural Engine, which is dedicated to handling on-board machine learning processes; four of the six cores on the CPU are low-powered cores that are dedicated to handling less CPU-intensive operations, such as voice calls, browsing the Web, and sending messages, while two higher-performance cores are used only for more CPU-intensive processes, such as recording 4K video or playing a video game. Apple A14 Bionic The Apple A14 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the fourth-generation iPad Air and iPhone 12, released on October 23, 2020. It is the first commercially available 5nm chipset and contains 11.8 billion transistors and a 16-core Neural Engine. It includes the Samsung LPDDR4X DRAM, a 6-core CPU, and a 4-core GPU with real-time machine learning capabilities. It was later used in the tenth-generation iPad, released on October 26, 2022. Apple A15 Bionic The Apple A15 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the iPhone 13, unveiled on September 14, 2021. The A15 is built on a 5-nanometer manufacturing process with 15 billion transistors. It has 2 high-performance processing cores, 4 high-efficiency cores, a new 5-core graphics for iPhone 13 Pro series (4-core for iPhone 13 and 13 mini) processing unit, and a new 16-core Neural Engine capable of 15.8 trillion operations per second. It is also used in the third-generation iPhone SE, iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, sixth-generation iPad Mini and third generation Apple TV 4K. Apple A16 Bionic The Apple A16 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the iPhone 14 Pro, unveiled on September 7, 2022. The A16 has 16 billion transistors and is built on TSMC's N4P fabrication process, being touted by Apple as the first 4 nm processor in a smartphone. However, N4 is an enhanced version of N5 technology, a de facto fourth-generation 5 nm manufacturing process. The chip has 2 high-performance processing cores, 4 high-efficiency cores and 5-core graphics. Memory is upgraded to LPDDR5 for 50% higher bandwidth and a 7% faster 16-core Neural Engine capable of 17 trillion operations per second. It was later used in the iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus, as well as the iPad 11-inch, with a 5-core CPU and 4-core GPU. Apple A17 Pro The Apple A17 Pro is a 64-bit ARM-based SoC that first appeared in the iPhone 15 Pro, unveiled on September 12, 2023. It is Apple's first 3 nm SoC. The chip has 2 high-performance processing cores, 4 high-efficiency cores, a 6-core GPU, and a 16-core Neural Engine capable of 35 trillion operations per second. The GPU was described as their biggest redesign in the history of Apple GPUs, adding hardware accelerated ray tracing and mesh shading support. It is also used in the iPad Mini, with a 5-core GPU. Apple A18 and Apple A18 Pro The Apple A18 and Apple A18 Pro are 64-bit ARM-based SoCs designed by Apple that first appeared in the iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Pro respectively, unveiled on September 9, 2024. Both SoCs are built on TSMC's N3E process and have 2 high-performance cores and 4 high-efficiency cores. The A18 has 5-core graphics (4-core for iPhone 16e), while the A18 Pro has 6-core graphics. The A18 and A18 Pro use LPDDR5X for 17% higher memory bandwidth, and the 16-core Neural Engine has the same quoted power as the A17 Pro. The A18 Pro is also used in the MacBook Neo, with a 5-core GPU. Apple A19 and Apple A19 Pro The Apple A19 and Apple A19 Pro are 64-bit ARM-based SoCs designed by Apple that first appeared in the iPhone 17, iPhone Air, and iPhone 17 Pro respectively, unveiled on September 9, 2025. Both SoCs are built on TSMC's N3P process and have 2 high-performance cores and 4 high-efficiency cores. The A19 has 5-core graphics (4-core for iPhone 17e), while the A19 Pro has 6-core graphics (5-core for iPhone Air). The A19 and A19 Pro are also used in the Studio Display (2026) and Studio Display XDR. Comparison of A-series processors == M-series SoCs ==

The M series is a family of system on a chip (SoC) used in Mac computers from November 2020 and later, iPad Pro tablets from April 2021 and later, iPad Air tablets from March 2022 and later, and Vision Pro. The M designation was previously used for Apple motion coprocessors. Apple M1 The M1, Apple's first system on a chip designed for use in Macs, is manufactured using TSMC's 5 nm process. Announced on November 10, 2020, it was first used in the MacBook Air, Mac mini and 13-inch MacBook Pro, and later used in the iMac, 5th-generation iPad Pro and 5th-generation iPad Air. It comes with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores, for a total of 8 CPU cores. It comes with up to 8 GPU cores, with the entry level MacBook Air having only 7 GPU cores. The M1 has 16 billion transistors and operates at a clock frequency of up to 3.2 GHz. Apple M1 Pro The M1 Pro is a more powerful version of the M1, with six to eight performance cores, two efficiency cores, 14 to 16 GPU cores, 16 Neural Engine cores, up to 32 GB unified RAM with up to 200 GB/s memory bandwidth, and more than double the transistors. It was announced on October 18, 2021, and is used in the 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro. Apple claimed the CPU performance is about 70% faster than the M1, and that its GPU performance is about double. Apple claims the M1 Pro can deliver up to 20 streams of 4K or 7 streams of 8K ProRes video playback (up from 6 offered by Afterburner card for 2019 Mac Pro). Like the M1, the M1 Pro operates at a clock frequency of up to 3.2 GHz. Apple M1 Max The M1 Max is a larger version of the M1 Pro chip, with eight performance cores, two efficiency cores, 24 to 32 GPU cores, 16 Neural Engine cores, up to 64 GB unified RAM with up to 400 GB/s memory bandwidth, and more than double the number of transistors. It was announced on October 18, 2021, and is used in the 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro, as well as the Mac Studio. Apple claims the M1 Max can deliver up to 30 streams of 4K (up from 23 offered by Afterburner card for 2019 Mac Pro) or 7 streams of 8K ProRes video playback. Like the M1, the M1 Max operates at a clock frequency of up to 3.2 GHz. Apple M1 Ultra The M1 Ultra consists of two M1 Max dies connected together by a silicon interposer through Apple's UltraFusion interconnect. It has 114 billion transistors, 16 performance cores, 4 efficiency cores, 48 to 64 GPU cores and 32 Neural Engine cores; it can be configured with up to 128 GB unified RAM of 800 GB/s memory bandwidth. It was announced on March 8, 2022, as an optional upgrade for the Mac Studio. Apple claims the M1 Ultra can deliver up to 18 streams of 8K ProRes video playback. Like the M1 Max, the M1 Ultra operates at a clock frequency of up to 3.2 GHz. Apple M2 Apple announced the M2 SoC on June 6, 2022, at WWDC, along with a redesigned MacBook Air and a revised 13-inch MacBook Pro. It later appeared in the sixth-generation iPad Pro, Mac mini, sixth-generation iPad Air and Apple Vision Pro. The M2 is made with TSMC's "enhanced 5-nanometer technology" N5P process and contains 20 billion transistors, a 25% increase from the previous generation M1, also operating at a higher clock frequency of up to about 3.5 GHz. The M2 can be configured with up to 24 gigabytes of RAM and 2 terabytes of storage. It has 8 CPU cores (4 performance and 4 efficiency) and up to 10 GPU cores. The M2 also increases the memory bandwidth to . Apple claims CPU improvements up to 18% and GPU improvements up to 35% compared to the previous M1. Apple M2 Pro The M2 Pro is a more powerful version of the M2, with six to eight performance cores, four efficiency cores, 16 to 19 GPU cores, 16 Neural Engine cores, up to 32 GB unified RAM with up to 200 GB/s memory bandwidth, and double the transistors. It was announced on January 17, 2023, in a press release and it is used in the 14- and 16-inch 2023 MacBook Pro as well as the Mac Mini. Apple claims the CPU performance is 20 percent faster than the M1 Pro and the GPU is 30 percent faster than the M1 Pro. Like the M2, the M2 Pro operates at a clock frequency of up to about 3.5 GHz. Apple M2 Max The M2 Max is a larger version of the M2 Pro, with eight performance cores, four efficiency cores, 30 to 38 GPU cores, 16 Neural Engine cores, up to 96 GB unified RAM with up to 400 GB/s memory bandwidth, and more than double the transistors. It was announced on January 17, 2023, in a press release and it is used in the 14- and 16-inch 2023 MacBook Pro, as well as the Mac Studio. Apple claims the CPU performance is 20 percent faster than M1 Max and the GPU is 30 percent faster than the M1 Max. Apple M2 Ultra The M2 Ultra consists of two M2 Max dies connected together by a silicon interposer through Apple's UltraFusion interconnect. It has 134 billion transistors, 16 performance cores, 8 efficiency cores, 60 to 76 GPU cores and 32 Neural Engine cores; it can be configured with up to 192 GB unified RAM of 800 GB/s memory bandwidth. It was announced on June 5, 2023, as an optional upgrade for the Mac Studio and the sole processor for the Mac Pro. Apple claims the M2 Ultra can deliver up to 22 streams of 8K ProRes video playback. Like the M2 Max, the M2 Ultra operates at a clock frequency of up to about 3.6 GHz. Apple M3 Apple announced the M3 series on October 30, 2023, along with the new MacBook Pro and iMac, later used in the MacBook Air and the seventh-generation iPad Air. The M3 is based on the 3nm process and contains 25 billion transistors, a 25% increase from the previous M2 generation, and operates at a clock frequency of up to 4.1 GHz. It has 8 CPU cores (4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores) and up to 10 GPU cores. Apple claims CPU improvements up to 35% and GPU improvements up to 65% compared to the M1 series. The M3 introduced hardware-accelerated ray tracing and mesh shading for the first time in a Mac. Apple M3 Pro The M3 Pro is a more powerful version of the M3, with five or six performance cores, six efficiency cores, 14 to 18 GPU cores, 16 Neural Engine cores, up to 36 GB unified RAM with 150 GB/s memory bandwidth, and 48% more transistors. It is used in the 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro and operates at a clock frequency of up to about 4.1 GHz. Apple claims the CPU performance is 30 percent faster than the M1 Pro and the GPU is 40 percent faster than the M1 Pro. The M3 Max introduced hardware-accelerated ray tracing and mesh shading for the third generation M series "Max" chips and greater. Apple M3 Ultra The M3 Ultra consists of two M3 Max dies connected together by a silicon interposer through Apple's UltraFusion interconnect. It has 184 billion transistors, 20 or 24 performance cores, 8 efficiency cores, 60 to 80 GPU cores and 32 Neural Engine cores; it can be configured with up to 512 GB unified RAM of 800 GB/s memory bandwidth. It was announced on March 5, 2025, as an optional upgrade for the Mac Studio, and operates at a clock frequency of up to about 4.0 GHz unlike the M3 Max. Apple claims the M3 Ultra can deliver up to 24 streams of 8K ProRes video playback. The M3 Ultra added support for hardware-accelerated ray tracing and mesh shading for M Series 3 "Ultra" and higher. (Yet to have a direct successor) Apple M4 Apple announced the M4 chip on May 7, 2024, along with the seventh-generation iPad Pro; it would later be used for the iMac, Mac mini, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air and iPad Air. The M4 is based on a "second-generation 3-nanometer" process and contains 28 billion transistors. It has up to 10 CPU cores (3 or 4 performance and 4 to 6 efficiency) and up to 10 GPU cores. Apple claims the M4 has up to 1.5x faster CPU performance compared to the M2. The M4 operates at a clock frequency of 4.4 GHz. The M4 is the first Apple silicon chip to use ARMv9.2-A instruction set without SVE2. Apple M4 Pro The M4 Pro is a more powerful version of the M4, with eight or ten performance cores, four efficiency cores, 16 to 20 GPU cores, 16 Neural Engine cores, and up to 64 GB unified RAM with 273 GB/s memory bandwidth. It is used in the 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro as well as the Mac Mini. Apple claims the CPU performance is 1.9x faster than the M1 Pro and the GPU is 2x faster than the M1 Pro. The M4 Pro operates at a clock frequency of 4.5 GHz. Apple M4 Max The M4 Max is a larger version of the M4 Pro, with ten or twelve performance cores, four efficiency cores, 32 to 40 GPU cores, 16 Neural Engine cores, and up to 128 GB unified RAM with up to 546 GB/s memory bandwidth. It is used in the 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro as well as the Mac Studio. Apple claims the CPU performance is 2.2x faster than the M1 Max and the GPU is 1.9x faster than the M1 Max. Apple M5 Apple announced the M5 chip on October 15, 2025, along with the new iPad Pro, 14-inch MacBook Pro and Vision Pro; it was later used for the MacBook Air. The M5 is based on a "third-generation 3-nanometer" process. It has up to 10 CPU cores (3 or 4 performance and 4 or 6 efficiency) and up to 10 GPU cores. The Apple M5 has a clock frequency of 4.61 GHz on the 14-inch MacBook Pro. The M5 chip runs at an increased clock frequency of 4.6 GHz on the 14-inch MacBook Pro released in 2025, and 4.4 GHz on the 13-inch iPad Pro released in 2025. Apple M5 Pro The M5 Pro is a more powerful version of the M5. It has up to 6 "super" cores, up to 12 performance cores, up to 20 GPU cores, and 16 Neural Engine cores. The M5 Pro supports up to 64 GB unified RAM with 307 GB/s memory bandwidth. It is used in the 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro. Apple claims the CPU performance is 2.5x faster than the M1 Pro and the GPU is 2.2x faster than the M1 Pro. The M5 Pro operates at a clock frequency of about 4.61 GHz. Apple M5 Max The M5 Max is a larger version of the M5 Pro, with 6 "super" cores, 12 performance cores, up to 40 GPU cores, and 16 Neural Engine cores. The M5 Max supports up to 128 GB unified RAM with up to 614 GB/s memory bandwidth. It is used in the 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro. Apple claims the CPU performance is 2.5x faster than the M1 Max and the GPU is 2.2x faster than the M1 Max. Comparison of M-series processors == R-series SoCs ==

The R series is a family of low-latency system on a chip (SoC) for real-time processing of sensor inputs. Apple R1 The Apple R1 was announced by Apple on June 5, 2023, at its Worldwide Developers Conference. It is used in the Apple Vision Pro headset. The Apple R1 is dedicated to real-time processing of sensor inputs and delivers extremely low-latency images to the display. == S-series SiPs ==

The S series is a family of systems in a package (SiP) used in the Apple Watch and HomePod. It uses a customized application processor that together with memory, storage and support processors for wireless connectivity, sensors, and I/O form a complete computer in a single package. Apple S1 The Apple S1 is an integrated computer. It includes memory, storage and support circuits like wireless modems and I/O controllers in a sealed integrated package. It was announced on September 9, 2014, as part of the "Wish we could say more" event. It was used in the first-generation Apple Watch. Apple S1P Used in Apple Watch Series 1. It has a dual-core processor identical to the S2, with the exception of the built-in GPS receiver. It contains the same dual-core CPU with the same new GPU capabilities as the S2, making it about 50% faster than the S1. Apple S2 Used in the Apple Watch Series 2. It has a dual-core processor and a built-in GPS receiver. The S2's two cores deliver 50% higher performance and the GPU delivers twice as much as the predecessor, Apple S3 Used in the Apple Watch Series 3. It has a dual-core processor that is 70% faster than the Apple S2 and a built-in GPS receiver. There is also an option for a cellular modem and an internal eSIM module. which are also found in the A12 as energy-efficient cores. Despite its small size, Tempest uses a 3-wide decode out-of-order superscalar design, which makes it much more powerful than preceding in-order cores. The S4 contains a Neural Engine that is able to run Core ML. Third-party apps can use it starting from watchOS 6. The SiP also includes new accelerometer and gyroscope functionality that has twice the dynamic range in measurable values of its predecessor, as well as being able to sample data at 8 times the speed. It contains the W3 wireless chip, which supports Bluetooth 5. It also contains a new custom GPU, which can use the Metal API. Apple S5 Used in the Apple Watch Series 5, Watch SE, and HomePod mini. It adds a built-in magnetometer to the custom 64-bit dual-core processor and GPU of the S4. Apple S6 Used in the Apple Watch Series 6. It has a custom 64-bit dual-core processor that runs up to 20 percent faster than the S5. The dual-cores in the S6 are based on the A13 Bionic's energy-efficient "little" Thunder cores at 1.8 GHz. Like the S4 and S5, it also contains the W3 wireless chip. Apple S8 Used in the Apple Watch SE (2nd generation), Watch Series 8, and Watch Ultra. The S8 CPU has the same T8301 identifier and quoted performance as the S6 and S7. It is the final CPU to utilize the energy-efficient "little" Thunder cores of the A13 Bionic. Apple S9 Used in the Apple Watch Series 9 and Watch Ultra 2. The S9 CPU has a new dual-core CPU with 60 percent more transistors than the S8, a new four-core Neural Engine and the new U2 ultra-wide band chip. The dual-cores in the S9 are based on the A16 Bionic's energy efficient "little" Sawtooth cores. Apple S10 Used in the Apple Watch Series 10, Series 11, SE 3, and Watch Ultra 3. The S10 CPU is the second time utilizing the energy-efficient "little" Sawtooth cores of the A16 Bionic. Comparison of S-series processors == T-series SoCs ==

The T series "transition" chips perform various functions on Intel-based MacBook and iMac computers released from 2016 onwards. The chip processes and encrypts biometric information (Touch ID) and acts as a gatekeeper to the microphone and FaceTime HD camera, protecting them from hacking. The chip runs bridgeOS, a purported variant of watchOS. The functions of the T-series processor were built into the M-series CPUs, thus ending the need for the T series. Apple T1 The Apple T1 chip is an ARMv7 SoC (derived from the processor in the Apple Watch's S2) that drives the System Management Controller (SMC) and Touch ID sensor of the 2016 and 2017 MacBook Pro with Touch Bar. Apple T2 The Apple T2 security chip is a SoC first released in the iMac Pro. It includes a 64-bit ARMv8 processor (a variant of the processor in the A10 Fusion, or T8010) and a separate Security Enclave Processor. T2 also delivers "enhanced imaging processing" for the iMac Pro's FaceTime HD camera. Comparison of T-series processors == C-series cellular modems ==

The C series is a family of cellular modem chips. Apple C1 The Apple C1 is a cellular modem chip introduced in the iPhone 16e. It is built on the N4 process node by TSMC. It supports UMTS/HSPA+, Gigabit LTE, and 5G (sub-6 GHz), but lacks DC-HSDPA and mmWave, which are supported by other iPhone 16 models. Apple claims that the C1 is more power efficient than previous iPhone modems and consumes 20–25% less power than the Qualcomm modems used in other iPhone 16 models. Apple C1X The Apple C1X is a variant of the C1, offering twice the speed. It was released with the iPhone Air on September 19, 2025, and is also used in M5-based eighth-generation iPad Pro, iPhone 17e , M4-based iPad Air (Wi-Fi + Cellular models, March 2026). Comparison of C-series cellular modems == U-series SiPs (Ultra-wideband) ==

The U series is a family of systems in a package (SiP) implementing ultra-wideband (UWB) radio. Apple U1 The Apple U1 is used in the iPhone 11/11 Pro series through the iPhone 14/14 Pro series (excluding the second and third generation iPhone SE), Apple Watch Series 6 through Series 8, Apple Watch Ultra (1st generation), HomePod (2nd generation), HomePod Mini, AirTag (first generation), and the charging case for AirPods Pro (2nd generation). Apple U2 The Apple U2 (also referred to by Apple as its "Second-generation Ultra Wideband chip") is used in the iPhone 15/15 Pro series and newer (excluding iPhone 16e and iPhone 17e), iPhone Air, Apple Watch Series 9 and newer, Apple Watch Ultra 2 and newer, the charging case for AirPods Pro (3rd generation) and the AirTag (second generation). Comparison of U-series processors == W2+ and N-series SoCs (Wireless connectivity) ==

The W, starting with the W2, and N series are a family of RF SoCs used for wireless connectivity (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Thread (N series only)). Apple W2 The Apple W2, used in the Apple Watch Series 3, is integrated into the Apple S3 SiP. Apple claimed the chip makes Wi-Fi 85% faster and allows Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to use half the power of the W1 implementation.) is used in iPhone 17, iPhone 17 Pro, iPhone Air, the M5-based eighth-generation iPad Pro, the M4-based iPad Air, the M5 MacBook Air and the M5 Pro and M5 Max MacBook Pro. It incorporates Wi-Fi 7, Bluetooth 6, and Thread into one chip. Apple claims the chip will help boost the performance and reliability of features like AirDrop and Personal Hotspot. Comparison of W-series processors == W1 and H-series SoCs (Bluetooth/audio processing) ==

The W1 and the H series are a family of SoCs with Bluetooth wireless connectivity and low-power audio processing for use in headphones and speakers. Apple W1 The Apple W1 is a SoC used in the 2016 AirPods and select Beats headphones. It maintains a Bluetooth Class 1 connection with a computer device and decodes the audio stream that is sent to it. Its die size is 14.3 mm2. Specifically designed for headphones, it has Bluetooth 5.0, supports hands-free "Hey Siri" commands, and offers 30 percent lower latency than the W1 chip used in earlier AirPods. Apple H2 The Apple H2 chip is used in AirPods 4, AirPods Pro 2, AirPods Pro 3, AirPods Max 2, and Apple Vision Pro. It has Bluetooth 5.3, and implements 48 kHz noise reduction in hardware. The 2022 version of the H2 operates only on the 2.4 GHz frequency, while the 2023 version adds support for audio transmission using a proprietary protocol in two specific frequency ranges of the 5 GHz band. Comparison of Bluetooth audio processors == M-series motion coprocessors ==

The M series of motion coprocessors are used by Apple Inc. in their mobile devices. First released in 2013, their function is to collect sensor data from integrated accelerometers, gyroscopes, and compasses. They offload collecting and processing sensor data from the main central processing unit (CPU). Only the M7 and M8 motion coprocessors were housed on separate chips produced by NXP Semiconductors, while the M9, M10, and M11 were embedded in their corresponding A-series chips. Beginning with the A12 Bionic chip in 2018, the motion coprocessors were fully integrated into the SoC. Apple eventually reused the M codename for their desktop SoCs. Comparison of M-series motion coprocessors == Miscellaneous devices ==

This segment is about Apple-designed processors that are not easily sorted into another section. Early series Apple first used Samsung-developed SoCs in early versions of the iPhone and iPod Touch. They combine in one package a single ARM-based processing core (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and other electronics necessary for mobile computing. The APL0098 (also 8900B or S5L8900) is a package on package (PoP) system on a chip (SoC) that was introduced on June 29, 2007, at the launch of the original iPhone. It includes a 412 MHz single-core ARM11 CPU and a PowerVR MBX Lite GPU. It was manufactured by Samsung on a 90 nm process. The APL0278 (also S5L8720) is a PoP SoC introduced on September 9, 2008, at the launch of the second-generation iPod Touch. It includes a 533 MHz single-core ARM11 CPU and a PowerVR MBX Lite GPU. It was manufactured by Samsung on a 65 nm process. APL1097 (or ACE3), is a USB controller with support for USB Power Delivery and vendor-defined messages, designed by Apple, made by Texas Instruments. It is used in iPhone 15, 16 and 17 series. Successor to ACE2 (CD3217B12 or CD3217B13). == Non-Apple operating systems ==

• Asahi Linux, which is a project that ports the Linux kernel onto Apple silicon-powered Macs. • iDroid, which was a project that ports Android onto early Samsung-developed SoCs, with unfinished work on the A4 SoC. • Project Sandcastle, which is a project that ports Android for A10 Fusion SoC on iPhone 7 and 7 Plus. == Hypervisors ==

Parallels Desktop for Mac and VMware Fusion are hypervisors that run on macOS and that can run macOS and other operating systems, such as Windows and Linux, on virtual machines. == See also ==