Various vendors provide AEB components to automakers. The global automotive AEB system market consists of a few established companies that are manufacturers or suppliers of specialized AEB components or systems. For example, the main vendors for radar systems include
Bosch,
Delphi,
Denso,
Mobileye,
TRW, and
Continental. Automobile manufactures may describe the systems installed on their vehicles using different names to differentiate their marketing efforts. Therefore, even a single car brand may offer various levels of technology sophistication and the: frequency of false alerts can be different from model to model and trim level to trim level, depending on the types of camera and/or laser-based systems installed. and was introduced in 2010 on the 2011
Audi A8. "Pre sense plus" works in four phases. The system first provides warning of an impending accident, activating hazard warning lights, closing windows and sunroof, and pre-tensioning front seat belts. The warning is followed by light braking to get the driver's attention. The third phase initiates autonomous partial braking at a rate of . The fourth phase increases braking to followed by automatic full braking power, roughly half a second before projected impact. "Pre sense rear", is designed to reduce the consequences of rear-end collisions. The sunroof and windows are closed and seat belts are prepared for impact. The seats are moved forward to protect the car's occupants. 2015 introduced the "avoidance assistant" system that intervenes in the steering to help the driver avoid an obstacle. If an accident occurs, the "turning assistant" monitors opposing traffic when turning left at low speeds. In critical situations, it stops the car. "Multi collision brake assist" uses controlled braking maneuvers during the accident to aid the driver. Both systems were introduced on the
Second generation Q7.
BMW In 2012
BMW introduced two systems on the
7 Series. "Active Protection" detects imminent accidents by pretensioning safety belts, closes windows and moonroof, brings the backrest of the front passenger seat to an upright position, and activates post-crash braking. A
driver drowsiness detection includes advice to take a break from driving. An "Active Driving Assistant" combines
lane departure warning, pedestrian protection, and city collision mitigation. In 2013, "Driving Assistant Plus" was introduced on most models combining the front-facing camera, lane-departure warning, and in some cases front radar sensors to detect vehicles ahead. Should the driver not react to the warning of a potential collision, the system would gradually prime brake pressure and applywith maximum deceleration powerif necessary. In the case of a crash, the system can bring the vehicle to a standstill. Later iterations of the system on cars equipped with an Automatic Cruise Control system are improved by combining radar and camera detection during fog, rain, and other situations where normal camera operations may be compromised.
Ford Beginning on the 2012 Ford Focus, Active City Stop was offered on the range-topping Titanium model, under the optional Sports Executive Pack. The system used windscreen-mounted cameras, radars, and lidars to monitor the road ahead. The system doesn't provide a warning, rather, it can prevent a crash from occurring at speeds between . This speed was later raised to and was available on all models, the Trend, Sport, Titanium, ST, and RS (Limited Edition only).
General Motors General Motors' collision alert system was introduced in
GMC Terrain SUVs in 2012. It uses a camera to provide a warning when there is a vehicle ahead or there is a lane departure. The 2014
Chevrolet Impala received the radar- and camera-based crash imminent braking (radar technology detects a possible crash threat and alerts the driver. If the driver does not appear to react quickly enough or doesn't react at all, this feature intervenes to apply the brakes to avoid the crash. Forward collision alert, lane departure warning, side blind zone alert (using radar sensors on both sides of the vehicle, the system "looks" for other vehicles in the blind zone areas of the Impala and indicates their presence with LED-lit symbols in the outside mirrors. Rear cross-traffic alert features.
Honda 2003: Honda introduced autonomous braking (Collision Mitigation Brake System CMBS, originally CMS) front collision avoidance system on the
Inspire and later in
Acura, using a radar-based system to monitor the situation ahead and provide brake assistance if the driver reacts with insufficient force on the brake pedal after a warning in the instrument cluster and a tightening of the seat belts. The Honda system was the first production system to provide automatic braking. The system uses two types of sensors: a millimeter-wave radar in the front grille and a monocular camera on the windshield. These sensors detect pedestrians and other objects with improved accuracy. Enhanced data processing capabilities allow the system to recognize surroundings, driver intentions, and vehicle conditions, enabling collaborative control over braking and steering. The system now includes six new functions, such as the Pedestrian Collision Mitigation Steering System, and assists in vehicle speed, following distance, and lane keeping. Honda continues to evolve its driver-assistive technologies globally to enhance safety and comfort. 2020: Honda announced the flagship variation of Honda SENSING called, Honda SENSING Elite. The system was first introduced in the new
Honda Legend Hybrid EX. This system uses 3D maps,
GNSS data, and sensors to monitor the vehicle's surroundings and driver condition. It can control acceleration, braking, and steering for smooth driving and includes features like hands-off lane change assist and Traffic Jam Pilot for
Level 3 automated driving, approved by Japan's
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT). A key feature of Honda SENSING Elite is the hands-off function, which assists in steering the vehicle when the driver has their hands off the wheel, supported by adaptive in-lane driving. This aids in maintaining lane position at a pre-set speed and keeping a proper following distance from the vehicle ahead. The system also includes active lane change assist with hands-off function, which executes lane changes when the driver activates the turn signal and adjusts the vehicle's speed accordingly. 2021: Honda introduced the Honda SENSING 360 system, enhancing the original with omnidirectional sensing. This system helps eliminate blind spots and reduce collisions by using five millimeter-wave radar units and a front camera. Key features include Front Cross Traffic Warning, which alerts drivers to approaching vehicles at intersections; Lane Change Collision Mitigation, which helps avoid collisions during lane changes; and Collision Mitigation Braking, which provides braking assistance at turns. It also features Adaptive Cruise Control with Cornering Speed Assist, adjusting speed during cornering for smoother navigation. The application of Honda SENSING 360 will begin in 2022, starting from China,
Jaguar Land Rover As part of the InControl suite of services, Jaguar Land Rover provides several driver assistance technologies, amongst which are autonomous emergency braking, intelligent emergency braking,
lane departure warning,
blind spot monitor and
blind spot assist. The systems variously use both microwave and optical detection methods.
Mercedes-Benz 2002: Mercedes' "Pre-Safe" system was exhibited at the
Paris Motor Show on the 2003
S-Class. Using
electronic stability control sensors to measure steering angle, vehicle yaw, and lateral acceleration and
brake assist (BAS) sensors to detect emergency braking, the system can tighten the seat belts, adjust seat positions, including rear seats (if installed), raise folded rear headrests (if installed), and close the sunroof if it detects a possible collision (including rollover). A later version of the Pre-Safe system was supplemented by an additional function that can close any open windows if necessary. 2006: Mercedes-Benz's "Brake Assist BAS Plus" was their first forward warning collision system introduced on the
W221 S-Class, it incorporates the
autonomous cruise control system and adds a radar-based collision warning. 2006: the "Pre-Safe Brake" on the
CL-Class C216 was their first to offer partial autonomous braking (40%, or up to 0.4g deceleration) if the driver does not react to the BAS Plus warnings and the system detects a severe danger of an accident. 2009: Mercedes introduced the first Pre-Safe Brake with full (100%) autonomous braking with maximum braking force approximately 0.6 seconds before impact, on the
Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W212). 2013: Mercedes updated Pre-Safe on the
W222 S-Class as plus with cross-traffic assist. Pre-Safe with pedestrian detection and City Brake function is a combination of stereo camera and radar sensors to detect pedestrians in front of the vehicle. Visual and acoustic warnings are triggered when a hazard is spotted. If the driver then reacts by braking, the braking power will be boosted as the situation requires, up to a full brake application. Should the driver fail to react, the Pre-Safe Brake triggers autonomous vehicle braking. Pedestrian detection is active up to about , and can reduce collisions with pedestrians autonomously from an initial speed of up to . , Nissan considered the issue strictly as a "performance update" by issuing technical service bulletins—at least three since January 2019—that pertain to reprogramming the radar control unit, according to the agency.
Subaru Subaru's "Active Driving Assist" (ADA) system was introduced in 1999 on the Japanese
Legacy Lancaster and consisted of a stereo camera system featuring lane departure warning, following distance warning, adaptive cruise control, and a cornering speed alarm with downshift control. A second generation was released in 2001 that included
VDC parameter control, followed by a third in 2003 that included a millimeter-wave radar for improved performance in poor weather. This system was discontinued due to poor sales, and was replaced in 2006 by a laser radar system dubbed "SI-Cruise" which used laser radar for adaptive cruise control. It was rolled out in Australia in 2011, in North America in 2012, and in Europe in 2014. The pre-collision braking control was upgraded in 2010 to allow the vehicle to stop automatically if the speed difference between the EyeSight-equipped vehicle and the object in front is less than and the driver takes no action to slow down or stop. Above , the vehicle will reduce its speed automatically. Subaru also added active lane-keeping (keeping the vehicle in the middle of the lane, and applying steering force to keep the vehicle in the lane when unintentionally crossing lane markers) and throttle management (to prevent sudden unintended acceleration in forward and reverse) systems in 2013 with the improved cameras. and the engineers responsible for its development won a prize from the Japanese government that year. , EyeSight is standard on the Ascent, Forester, Legacy, and Outback. It is also standard on all CVT-equipped Crosstrek, Impreza, and WRX. It became standard on the automatic-equipped BRZ as of 2022.
Toyota (red) coverage Toyota's system, branded "Toyota Safety Sense" or "Lexus Safety System", is a
radar-based system that uses a forward-facing millimeter-wave radar. When the system determines that a frontal collision is unavoidable, it preemptively tightens the
seat belts, removing any slack, and pre-charges the brakes using
brake assist to give the driver maximum stopping power when the driver depresses the brake pedal. 2003 February: Toyota launched PCS in the redesigned
Japanese domestic market Harrier. 2003 August: added an automatic partial pre-crash braking system to the
Celsior. 2003 September: PCS made available in North America on the
Lexus LS 430, becoming the first radar-guided forward-collision warning system offered in the US. 2004: In July 2004, the
Crown Majesta radar PCS added a single digital camera to improve the accuracy of collision forecast and warning and control levels. 2006: Pre-collision system with
Driver Monitoring System introduced in March 2006 on the
Lexus GS 450h The system adjusts the active head restraints by moving them upward and forward to reduce the risk of
whiplash injuries if an imminent rear collision is detected. 2008: Improved driver monitoring system added on the
Crown for detecting whether the driver's eyes are properly open. It monitors the driver's eyes to detect the driver's level of wakefulness. This system is designed to work even if the driver is wearing sunglasses at night. 2008: PCS with
GPS-
navigation linked brake assist function on the
Crown. The system is designed to determine if the driver is late in decelerating at an approaching stop sign, will then sound an alert, and can also pre-charge the brakes to provide braking force if deemed necessary. This system works in certain Japanese cities and requires Japan-specific road markings that are detected by a camera. 2009:
Crown added a front-side millimeter-wave radar to detect potential side collisions primarily at intersections or when another vehicle crosses the center line. The latest version tilts the rear seat upward, placing the passenger in a more ideal crash position if it detects a front or rear impact. 2012: Higher speed APCS on the Lexus LS enables deceleration from up to , compared to the previous of . The higher-speed APCS uses the same technologies as the current APCs. This system increases the braking force up to twice that applied by average drivers. It was not then available in US markets. 2013: Pre-collision system with pedestrian-avoidance steer assist and steering bypass assist can help prevent collisions in cases where automatic braking alone is not sufficient, such as when the vehicle is traveling too fast or a pedestrian suddenly steps into the vehicle's path. An onboard sensor detects pedestrians and issues a visual alert on the dashboard immediately in front of the driver if the system determines that there is a risk of collision. If the likelihood of a collision increases, the system issues an audio and visual alarm to encourage the driver to take evasive action, and the increased pre-collision braking force and automatic braking functions are activated. If the system determines that a collision cannot be avoided by braking alone and there is sufficient room for avoidance, steer assist is activated to steer the vehicle away from the pedestrian. 2016: Toyota announced it would make Toyota Safety Sense (TSS) and Lexus Safety System+ standard on nearly all Japan, Europe, and US models by the end of 2017. 2017: Lexus introduced the updated Lexus Safety System+ 2.0 on the fifth-generation LS. In the US 2017 model year, Toyota sold more vehicles equipped with collision warnings than any other single brand with a total of 1.4 million sold or 56% of their fleet. 2018: Toyota released its updated Toyota Safety Sense 2.0 (TSS 2.0) to include Lane Tracing Assist, Road Sign Assist, and Low Light Pedestrian Detection with Daytime Bicyclist Detection which improves the Pre-Collision System. The first Japanese car model to receive (TSS 2.0) is the executive
Crown in its 15th generation. 2021: Lexus introduced the updated Lexus Safety System+ 3.0 in the
Lexus NX. The suite contains a
Risk Avoidance Emergency Steer Assist, a
Right/Left Turn Oncoming Vehicle Detection/Braking, an
Oncoming Vehicle Detection, a
Dynamic Radar Cruise Control with Curve Speed Management, a
Road Sign Assist, a
Pre-Collision System, a
Lane Assistance and an
Intelligent High Beam.
Volkswagen 2010: "Front Assist" on 2011
Volkswagen Touareg can brake the car to a stop in case of an emergency and tension the seat belts as a precautionary measure. 2012:
Volkswagen Golf Mk7 introduced a "Proactive Occupant Protection" that will close the windows and retract the safety belts to remove excess slack if the potential for a forward crash is detected.
Multi-collision brake system (automatic post-collision braking system) to automatically brake the car after an accident to avoid a second collision. City emergency braking automatically activates brakes at low speeds in urban situations. 2014:
Volkswagen Passat (B8) introduced pedestrian recognition as a part of the system. It uses a sensor fusion between a camera and the radar sensor. There is an "emergency assist" in case of a non-reacting driver, the car takes control of the brakes and the steering until a complete stop. This is also found in the
Volkswagen Golf Mk8.
Volvo 2006: Volvo's "Collision Warning with Auto Brake" was introduced in 2007
S80. This system is powered by a radar/camera sensor fusion and provides a warning through a
head up display that visually resembles brake lamps. If the driver does not react, the system pre-charges the brakes and increases the brake assist sensitivity to maximize driver braking performance. Later versions would automatically apply the brakes to minimize pedestrian impacts. In some models of Volvos, the automatic braking system can be manually turned off. The
V40 also included the first pedestrian
airbag, when it was introduced in 2012. 2013: Volvo introduced the first
cyclist detection system. All Volvo automobiles now come standard with a
lidar laser sensor that monitors the front of the roadway, and if a potential collision is detected, the safety belts will retract to reduce excess slack. Volvo now includes this safety device as an option in FH series trucks. 2015: "IntelliSafe" with
auto brake at the intersection. The
Volvo XC90 features automatic braking if the driver turns in front of an oncoming car. This is a common scenario at busy city crossings as well as on highways, where the speed limits are higher. March 2020: Volvo recalled 121,000 cars over auto emergency braking failure. The system may not detect an object and so may not work as intended, increasing the risk of a crash. ==List of cars with available collision avoidance features==