Haplogroup R and its descendants are distributed all over
Australasia,
Americas,
Southeast Asia,
South Asia,
Central Asia,
West Asia,
East Asia,
Europe,
North Africa and
Horn of Africa. The basal R* clade is found among the
Soqotri (1.2%), as well as in
Northeast Africa (1.5%), the
Middle East (0.8%), the Near East (0.8%), and the
Arabian Peninsula (0.3%).
Subclades •
Haplogroup R •
R0 or
pre-HV •
R0a or (preHV)1: Occurs commonly in the Arabian peninsula, with its highest frequency observed among the Soqotri. Moderate frequencies found in
North Africa, the
Horn of Africa, and
Central Asia. •
HV: It is a west Eurasian haplogroup mainly found throughout the
Middle East, including
Iran. It is also found in
North Africa,
Central Asia and
South Asia. •
V: Found at moderately low frequencies around Europe; the highest frequency is in the
Sami people 40%. • HV1: Mainly in the
Middle East. • HV2: Mainly in
South Asia. •
H: In
West Eurasia. It is the most common mtDNA haplogroup in
Europe. •
R1 • R1a* (3337): Found in
Brahmins from
Uttar Pradesh (India). • R1b1: Observed in Bulgaria, Armenia (including an ancient specimen), and India • R1b1a: Observed in Uyghurs • R1b1b: Observed in Finland (including
Finland Swedes) • R1b2 • R1b2a: Observed in Yakuts • R1b2b: Observed in Uyghurs •
pre-JT or R2'JT •
R2: Present in low frequencies in Middle East, Pakistan, and India. •
T: The highest frequency is in the
Caspian region (
Caucasus, Northern
Iran,
Turkmenistan).
Middle East,
Central Asia,
Pakistan and
North Africa. Small frequency in the
Horn of Africa and
India. •
R3: Found in Armenia. Also observed in an ancient individual from
Hungary, dating to 7000 years ago •
R5: Widely spread in the
Indian subcontinent. Specially in
Madhya Pradesh (
India) at 17%. • R5a • R5a1: Found within the
Indo-European speaking populations of
India. • R5a2: Specially among
Dravidic groups of
India and
Sri Lanka. • '''R6'7''' (16362) The most important presence is among
Austroasiatic language-speakers from
India (10%). • R7a: Mainly in
East India, specially in
Santals from
Bihar and
Jharkhand. • R8a: Found mainly in
Orissa and
Andhra Pradesh (India). • R8b: In
Orissa,
Gujarat,
Andhra Pradesh (India). •
R9 (16304) • R9b: It appears mostly in
Southeast Asia. Found all over
Indonesia, in
Indochina,
Malaysia, in
Aboriginal Malays like
Semelai at 28% and
Temuan 21%. • (249d) • R9c: All over the
Malay Archipelago and
Taiwan. Mainly in
Batak (
Palawan) at 58%, the
Tsou of
Taiwan (22.9%), and
Alor (Indonesia) at 11%. •
F: Fairly common in
East Asia and
Southeast Asia. Higher frequencies occur in some areas like
Nicobar at 50% and
Arunachal Pradesh 31% (
India), There is also an important frequency in
Taiwanese aborigines,
Guangdong (China),
Maluku (Indonesia),
Thailand and
Vietnam. • R11'B (16189) •
R11: Found in
China, mainly in
Lahu people from
Yunnan at 12.5%. Also in
Japan,
Korea,
Chams, and
Rajasthan (India). •
B • B4: It is found often in
East Asia,
Southeast Asia,
Polynesia,
Melanesia,
Micronesia,
Madagascar and
Indigenous peoples of the Americas. • B5: Spread in
East Asia and
Southeast Asia. •
R24: Found in
Philippines. • R12'21 •
R12: Found in
Australia. •
R21: In indigenous peoples of
Malaysia like
Jahai Negritos at 63% •
R14: Found in
Papua New Guinea and in
Austronesian speakers of
East Timor and
Lembata. •
R22 or R12: Very frequent in the
Shompen (10/29 = 34.5%). Elsewhere found mainly in south-central
Indonesia (11.4%
Mataram, 8.0%
Waingapu, 7.3%
Bali, 1.9%
Borneo) and in
Cham of
Bình Thuận, Vietnam (7/168 = 4.2%), with singleton or sporadic occurrences in
Thailand,
Sumatra,
Java,
Sulawesi, and
Alor. and
Sinhalese people from
Sri Lanka. Also found in
Maluku,
Nusa Tenggara and
Polynesia. • P2'10 • P2: In
Melanesia, • P3: In
Australia and
Melanesia. •
U • U1: It appears mostly in the
Middle East and
Caucasus. Found from India to the Mediterranean and to the rest of Europe. • U5: Approximately 11% of total
Europeans and 10% of European-Americans. The highest frequency is in the
Sami people. Highest frequencies of the subclade occur among Algerian
Berbers (29%) and Egyptian
Copts (27.6%). U6 has also been found among
Iberomaurusian specimens dating from the Epipaleolithic at the
Taforalt prehistoric site. • U2'3'4'7'8'9 (1811): Widely spread in
West Eurasia and the
Indian subcontinent. • U8 •
K ==Tree==