Word reduplications are mostly the feature of the
colloquial language and in most cases do not constitute separate dictionary entries. • "" or "", ()—a general-purpose urge to do something, literally "give it, give it!", meaning "Come on!" or "Let's do it!" • "" (; "Run, run!")—a specific urge to run: to run fast or to run right away. • "" ()—an enhanced agreement: "Of course, of course!" • "" ( "Yes, yes")—an utterance used in dialogs to indicate either constant attention ("yes, yes, I am listening") or agreement ("yes, yes, of course") •
Shm-reduplication and m-reduplication, to express irony, borrowed from
Yiddish and
Central Asian cultures respectively, sometimes used as a mockery of the corresponding languages or peoples; see
Russian jokes about Georgians for examples of this phenomenon • As an expression of a
frequentative or of a
prolonged action • "" (; "They are pulling and pulling, but cannot pull it [the turnip] out")—a phrase from the classical
fairy tale Repka ("", "The
Turnip") • "" (; "[he] is looking and looking") • "" (; "[he] went and went") •
Onomatopoeic reduplication • "" (; the sound of the droplets of water) • "" () or "" (); the sound of a clock ticking • "" (); bowwow, barking of a dog •
Frequentative, often combined with
ideophonic/onomatopoeic derivation • "" (), from "", "to slash with a knife" • "" (), from "" ("to
jump", "to hop"). A similar derivation in English would be "
When the red red robin/Comes bob bob bobbing along"). ==Affixal reduplication==