Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque architecture The oldest, Pre-Romanesque buildings were built in Poland after the
Christianisation of the country but only few of them still exist today (palace and church complex on
Ostrów Lednicki, the Rotunda of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the
Wawel Castle). The Romanesque architecture was then developed in the 12th and 13th centuries. The most significant buildings are the
second cathedral in Kraków (only parts of it still exist in the current, third, gothic cathedral, e.g. the crypt),
Tum Collegiate Church,
Czerwińsk abbey, collegiate churches in
Kruszwica and
Opatów as well as the churches of
St. Andrew in Kraków and of
Blessed Lady Mary in Inowrocław. Smaller structures were also popular, like rotundas in
Cieszyn and
Strzelno. Late Romanesque architecture is represented by the Cistercian abbeys in
Jędrzejów,
Koprzywnica,
Sulejów and
Wąchock as well as the
Dominican church in Sandomierz and the ruins of
Legnica castle chapel. File:Rotunda, Wawel 01.jpg|Rotunda of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the
Wawel Castle File:Ostrów Lednicki - ruiny palatium - MF-IMG 6255.JPG|The ruins of the palace and church complex on
Ostrów Lednicki File:Wawel St Leonard ed.jpg|St. Leonard's Crypt in the
Krakow Cathedral File:Colegiate church, Kruszwica.JPG|Collegiate Church in
Kruszwica File:Collegiate Church in Tum.jpg|
Collegiate Church in
Tum File:Czerwinsk1.jpg|
Czerwińsk Abbey File:Opatow, kolegiata sw. Marcina 3.jpg|
Collegiate Church in
Opatów File:Krakow kosciol 20071229 1246.jpg|
St. Andrew's Church in Kraków File:SM Inowrocław Kościół NMP 2022 (10).jpg|
Basilica of the Blessed Lady Mary in
Inowrocław File:Cieszyn 9891 crop.JPG|Rotunda in
Cieszyn File:Church of St. Prokop in Strzelno.JPG|Rotunda in
Strzelno File:Sulejów, kościół, ob. par. p.w. św. Tomasza, XII, XIV, XVIII.JPG|
Sulejów Abbey File:Kapitularz klasztoru w Wachocku.jpg|
Chapter house at the
Cistercian Abbey in
Wąchock File:Sandomierz-Jakobskirche-2.jpg|Dominican church in
Sandomierz File:Pozostałości romańskiej kaplicy św. Benedykta i Wawrzyńca z XIII w. Zamek w Legnicy. RN2.jpg|Ruins of the
Legnica castle chapel Gothic architecture The first Gothic structures in Poland were built in the 13th century in
Silesia. The most important churches from this time are the
cathedral in Wrocław and the
Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross and St Bartholomew in the same city, as well as the St Hedwig's Chapel in the
Cistercian nuns abbey in
Trzebnica and the castle chapel in
Racibórz. The Gothic architecture in Silesia was further developed in the 14th century in the series of parish churches in the most important cities of the region (churches of
St. Mary Magdalene,
St. Elizabeth,
St Mary on the Sand and
St Dorothea in Wrocław,
St. Nicholas' Church in
Brzeg,
Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus Church in Świdnica,
Saints Peter and Paul church in Strzegom). The most important secular building of the gothic period in Silesia is the
Wrocław Town Hall, initially built in the
13th century and enlarged and rebuilt in later centuries, mainly in the late
15th century. The 14th century is also the heyday of the Gothic in Lesser Poland, where such structures were built like the gothic
Wawel Cathedral in
Kraków, the series of basilical churches in the same city (churches of
St. Mary,
Holy Trinity,
Corpus Christi and
St. Catherine) and many hall churches outside the capital city (e.g.
Wiślica,
Szydłów,
Stopnica and
Sandomierz). In the same time the Greater Poland's cathedrals in
Poznań and
Gniezno as well as the
Latin Cathedral in Lviv (now
Ukraine) were built. Many Gothic structures were also built in
Royal Prussia before and after the incorporation of the region into the
Polish Crown according to the
Second Peace of Thorn (1466). The most important sights are the castles of the
Teutonic Order in
Malbork,
Gniew and
Radzyń Chełmiński and the town halls and churches of
Toruń (
town hall, the churches of
St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist and
St. James the Greater),
Chełmno,
Pelplin,
Frombork and
Gdańsk (
town hall and churches of
St. Mary,
St. Catherine and
Holy Trinity). Late Gothic is represented by such buildings like the
Collegium Maius of the
Jagiellonian University in Krakow or the
St. Mary's Church in
Poznań and the
Corpus Christi Church in
Biecz. Moreover, in the 1st half of the
16th century diamond vaults were popular, especially in
Masovia (
St Michael's Church in
Łomża, the cloister of the
St. Anne's Church in Warsaw) and in
Royal Prussia (e.g. in the aforementioned churches of
Gdańsk and in the
St James’s Concathedral Basilica in
Olsztyn). There are also some examples of the
post-Gothic architecture (germ. ) from the
17th century, like the choir of the
St. Hyacinth's Church in Warsaw or the
Bernardine monastery in Przasnysz. In the modern Poland there are also some examples of Gothic architecture of the former
Duchy of Pomerania like the
Kamień Pomorski Cathedral,
Szczecin Cathedral and the
St. Mary's Church in Stargard. Wrocław - Archikatedra św. Jana Chrzciciela1.jpg|
Wrocław Cathedral (1244 - ca. 1350) Iglesia de la Santa Cruz, Breslavia, Polonia, 2017-12-20, DD 15.jpg|
Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew in
Wrocław (1288 - ca. 1350) Iglesia de la Virgen María, Breslavia, Polonia, 2017-12-20, DD 17-19 HDR.jpg|Church of St. Mary on the Sand in Wrocław (2nd half of the 14th century) Ratusz wroclaw.JPG|
Wrocław Town Hall (13th century, ca. 1470–1510) Wawel katedra2.jpg|
Krakow Cathedral (1320–64) Kościół Mariacki (2).jpg|
St. Mary's Basilica in Krakow (2nd half of the 14th century) Krakow kosciol sw Katarzyny 20070930 1522.jpg|St. Catherine's Church in Krakow (ca. 1340 - 15th century) Bazylika kolegiacka Narodzenia NMP w Wiślicy 4.JPG|
Collegiate Church in Wiślica (ca. 1350–70) Catedral de Poznan, Poznan, Polonia, 2014-09-18, DD 10.jpg|
Poznań Cathedral (2nd half of the 14th century - ca. 1430) Catedral de Gniezno, Gniezno, Polonia, 2014-09-17, DD 07-09 HDR.jpg|
Gniezno Cathedral (2nd half of the 14th century) Zespół Zamku Krzyżackiego MALBORK 01.jpg|
Malbork Castle (ca. 1280 - 15th century) Torun Ratusz Staromiejski 2010 03 04 7189.JPG|
Old Town City Hall in Toruń (1393–99) Kosciol sw. Jakuba w Toruniu.jpg|Church of Saint James the Greater in Toruń (1st half of the 14th century) Frauenburger Dom 2010.jpg|
Frombork Cathedral (ca. 1330–90) Ayuntamiento Principal, Gdansk, Polonia, 2013-05-20, DD 10.jpg|
Gdańsk Town Hall (14th century - 15th century ) Bazylika Mariacka DSC01870.jpg|
St. Mary's Church in Gdańsk (1379–1502) Sklepienie kryształowe kościół św. Anny w Warszawie.JPG|Diamond vaults in the cloister of the St. Anne's Church in Warsaw (1514) Collegium Maius 2017.jpg|Courtyard of the
Collegium Maius of the
Jagiellonian University in Krakow (ca. 1490–1540) 6 Przasnysz 32.jpg|
Bernardine monastery in Przasnysz (1585–1618)
Renaissance The
Renaissance came to Poland as a courtly fashion under
King Sigismund I, who became familiar with this style in
Buda, at the court of his Hungarian uncle. Sigismund invited Italian craftsmen from Buda to
Kraków, where they created the first example of Italian Renaissance art in Poland, the Tomb of
John I Albert in the
Wawel Cathedral (1502–06) and remodelled in the new manner the
Wawel Castle. Another masterpiece of this period is also the
Sigismund's Chapel at the Wawel Cathedral. In the following decades, Renaissance architecture was especially popular in secular architecture. Notable examples include the
cloth hall in Krakow, numerous town halls (e.g. in
Poznań,
Tarnów,
Sandomierz and
Chełmno), town houses surrounding market squares (e.g. in
Zamość,
Kazimierz Dolny,
Lublin,
Warsaw and
Lviv) and castles, such as
Baranów Sandomierski Castle,
Krasiczyn Castle and
Krzyżtopór Castle. In religious architecture Renaissance influences are evident in the
Zamość Cathedral, the
church of St. Bartholomew and John the Baptist in
Kazimierz Dolny, the Bernardine churches of
Lublin and
Lviv (now
Ukraine) numerous synagogues, including the
Old Synagogue in Krakow and
Zamość Synagogue. In
Mazovia, a distinctive group of churches inspired by local Romanesque traditions was developed in towns such as
Płock,
Pułtusk,
Brochów and
Brok. Late mannierism from the time of the
Counter-Reformation is represented by the
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska calvary complex. In northern Poland, Renaissance architecture developed under the influence of Dutch Mannierism. Prominent examples include the
Great Armoury,
Green Gate and
Old Town City Hall in Gdańsk, as well as numerous town houses in Gdańsk, Toruń and
Elbląg (such as the
Jost von Kampen house in Elbląg). Within the borders of present-day Poland, there are also significant Renaissance buildings originally constructed in the lands of the then
Holy Roman Empire. Key examples include the
castle in Szczecin, the
castle and the
town hall in
Brzeg and the parish church in
Żórawina. Wawel Krakow June 2006 002.jpg|
Wawel Castle in Krakow (1507–36) Church of St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus, Sigismund chapel, Wawel 1, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|
Sigismund's Chapel in Krakow (1519–31) Kraków Cloth Hall. View from the west. Poland.jpg|
Kraków Cloth Hall (1556–60) Poznan 10-2013 img10 Town hall.jpg|
Poznań Town Hall (1550–60) Ratusz w Tarnowie1.jpg|Tarnów town hall (1560–70) Chelmno ratusz 03.jpg|Chełmno town hall (1567–72) Kamienice na Starym Mieście w Zamościu 02.jpg|Town houses on the market square in
Zamość (2nd quarter of the 17th century) Kazimierz Dolny (kamienica pod sw Mikolajem i Krzysztofem) 01.jpg|Town houses on the market square in
Kazimierz Dolny (1615) Lublin Kamienica Konopniców.jpg|Konopniców Townhouse in
Lublin (1575) Baranów Sandomierski, zamek (HB4).jpg|
Baranów Sandomierski Castle (1591–1606) Krasiczyn od fosy.jpg|
Krasiczyn Castle (1598-ca. 1620) Katedra Zamosc 2013.JPG|
Zamość Cathedral (1587-ca. 1600) Church, Kazimierz Dolny 02.JPG|Church of St. Bartholomew and John the Baptist in Kazimierz Dolny (1610–13) Zabytki Lwowa 25.jpg|
Bernardine Church, Lviv, now Ukraine (1602–20) Krakow Old Synagogue G20.jpg|
The Old Synagogue in Krakow (ca. 1560) Zamość. Synagoga (8).jpg|
Zamość Synagogue (1610–18) Brochów, Kościół św. Jana Chrzciciela i św. Rocha.jpg|St. John the Baptist and St. Roch Church in
Brochów (1551–61) Kaplica Św. Schody, 1633.jpg|One of the chapels in the
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska calvary complex Gran Armería, Gdansk, Polonia, 2013-05-20, DD 12.jpg|Great Armoury in Gdańsk (1600–05) Gdańsk, Brama Zielona (HB1).jpg|
Green Gate in
Gdańsk (1565–68) SM Gdańsk Ratusz Staromiejski (0) ID 635538.jpg|Old Town City Hall in Gdańsk (1587–95)
Baroque architecture The early Baroque in Poland was dominated by the Roman influences (the jesuite churches in
Nesvizh,
Krakow and
Lviv, as well as the
Camaldolese Monastery in Kraków). In the second half of the 17th century the influences of the
Dutch Baroque architecture were also important thanks to the
Tylman van Gameren (
Krasiński Palace and
St. Kazimierz Church in Warsaw,
St. Anne's Church in Kraków,
Royal Chapel in Gdańsk). The most important structures of the Polish late Baroque were built in the former
Eastern Borderlands, like the churches of
St. Peter and St. Paul and
St. Johns in
Vilnius (now
Lithuania), the
St. George's Cathedral and the
Dominican Church in
Lviv (now
Ukraine) as well as the
Basilian Church and Monastery in Berezwecz (now
Belarus) and the
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk (now Belarus). Other key buildings of this period are the
Piarists Church and the
Church of the Conversion of St. Paul in Krakow, the
Visitationist Church in Warsaw, the
Greater Poland's abbeys in
Głogówko near Gostyń and in
Ląd as well as the
Święta Lipka pilgrimage church in
Warmia. Moreover, one of the most outstanding examples of Polish Baroque Jewish architecture is the
Great Synagogue in Włodawa. The secular Baroque architecture in Poland is represented by the
Ujazdów Castle,
Royal Castle and
Wilanów Palace in Warsaw,
Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce as well as
Branicki Palace in Białystok. Other important structures are also the palaces in
Radzyń Podlaski,
Rogalin and
Rydzyna. In
Royal Prussia the most important example is the
Abbot's Palace in
Oliwa (district of Gdańsk). In modern Poland there are also important examples of the Baroque architecture in Silesia, which was then a part of the
Habsburg monarchy. They include i.a. the main building of the
University of Wrocław, the Protestant
Churches of Peace in Świdnica and Jawor, the former Protestant (now Catholic)
Exaltation of the Holy Cross Church in Jelenia Góra, the Cistercian monasteries in
Lubiąż,
Krzeszów and
Henryków as well as the churches by
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer in
Legnica (
Church of St. John the Baptist built together with
Christoph Dientzenhofer) and in
Legnickie Pole. KościółŚwApostołówPiotraIPawła-Front-WidokZPlacuMariiMagdaleny-POL, Kraków.jpg|
Saints Peter and Paul Church in
Kraków (1597–1635) Saint Kazimierz Church in Warsaw - New Town.jpg|
St. Kazimierz Church in Warsaw (1688–92) Capilla Real, Gdansk, Polonia, 2013-05-20, DD 01.jpg|Royal Chapel in Gdańsk (1678–81) Church of St. Anne (interior), 13 sw. Anny street, Old Town, Krakow, Poland.jpg|
St. Anne's Church in Kraków (1689–1703) St. Peter and St. Paul's Church 1, Vilnius, Lithuania - Diliff.jpg|
Church of St. Peter and St. Paul in
Vilnius, now Lithuania (1668–76) Vilnius University Great Courtyard 1, Vilnius, Lithuania - Diliff.jpg|
Church of St. Johns in Vilnius, now Lithuania (ca. 1748) Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG|
St. George's Cathedral in
Lviv, now Ukraine (1744–62) DominicanChurchLviv.jpg|
Dominican Church in Lviv, now Ukraine (1744–69) Głogówko 889-74.jpg|
Basilica on the Holy Mountain in Głogówko near Gostyń (1677–98) 20130421 Kielce Palac Biskupow Krakowskich 3127.jpg|
Kraków Bishops Palace in
Kielce (1637–44) Warsaw Royal Castle03.jpg|
Royal Castle in
Warsaw, main facade (1614–19) Zamek Królewski w Warszawie od strony Wisły 2021.jpg|Royal Castle, eastern wing (1737–52) Wilanów Pałac.jpg|
Wilanów Palace in Warsaw (1677–96, 1723–29) Widok ogrodu Pałacu Branieckich.jpg|
Branicki Palace in
Białystok (1728–70)
Neoclassicism Neoclassicism dominated Polish architecture during the second half of the 18th and first third of the 19th century as a manifestation of
Enlightenment rationalism. New stylistics came from France, Italy, and partly from Germany as a reflection of general admiration only for the newly discovered
Greco-Roman antiquity. The most important structures from this period are the palaces
On the Isle and
Królikarnia in Warsaw by
Domenico Merlini, the
Lutheran Holy Trinity Church in the same city by
Szymon Bogumił Zug and the
cathedral in Vilnius (now
Lithuania) by
Wawrzyniec Gucewicz. Late neoclassicism, which was chronologically connected with the end of the
Napoleonic Wars and capture of the former
Duchy of Warsaw by the Russian Empire in 1815, was characterized by significant volumes of construction, large representative buildings, which set a new, large scale of squares and streets of
Warsaw like the
Saxon Palace. The leading architect of the late neoclassicism in Poland is Italian
Antonio Corazzi. His main buildings in Warsaw include
Staszic Palace, the buildings on the
Bank Square and the
Grand Theatre. Other important architects were
Piotr Aigner (the palace and the pavilions in
Puławy landscape garden,
St. Alexander's Church in Warsaw,
Presidential Palace) and
Jakub Kubicki (
Belvedere Palace in Warsaw). Apart from
Congress Poland, worth mentioning are also the
Raczyński Library in Poznań (designed probably by
Charles Percier and
Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine) and the
Wybrzeże Theater in Gdańsk (after the World War II reconstructed in modern form). File:Warschau Lazienki Palast.JPG|
Palace on the Isle in Warsaw (by
Domenico Merlini and
Johann Christian Kammsetzer, 1773–93) File:Warszawa, Królikarnia, IGP2538.jpg|
Królikarnia in Warsaw (by Domenico Merlini, 1782–86) File:Kościół Świętej Trójcy w Warszawie 2021.jpg|Lutheran
Holy Trinity Church in Warsaw (by
Szymon Bogumił Zug, 1777–82) File:Wilno - katedra corrected.jpg|
Vilnius Cathedral, now Lithuania (by
Wawrzyniec Gucewicz, 1777–1801) File:Grand Theatre in Warsaw, 2022, 03.jpg|
Grand Theatre in Warsaw (by
Antonio Corazzi, 1825–33) File:Pulawy swiatynia sybilli.jpg|
Temple of the Sibyl in
Puławy landscape garden (by
Piotr Aigner, 1798–1801) File:MZ206 DSC0936.JPG|
St. Alexander's Church in Warsaw (by
Piotr Aigner, 1818–25) File:Belweder (2).JPG|
Belvedere Palace in Warsaw (by
Jakub Kubicki, 1819–22) Biblioteka Raczyńskich w Poznaniu.jpg|
Raczyński Library in Poznań (probably by
Charles Percier and
Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, 1822–28)
Style revivals The territory of the former Polish state
remained divided between
Prussia (
Germany),
Russia, and the
Austrian (
Austro-Hungarian) Empire and developed unevenly. The architecture of Kraków and
Galicia at that time was oriented towards the
Viennese model. The experience of
Vienna Ring Road was successfully applied in
Kraków where
Planty Park was created. Stylistically, it was an eclecticism dominated by
Neo-Gothic (
Collegium Novum of the
Jagiellonian University) and
Neo-Renaissance (
Słowacki Theatre). Similar stylistics dominated also in Lviv (
Lviv Opera,
Lviv Polytechnic and the building of the
Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria, now housing the
University of Lviv), Warsaw (
Warsaw Polytechnic,
Zachęta National Gallery of Art,
Bristol Hotel) and Łódź (
Izrael Poznański Palace). In the church architecture, the most important was Neo-Gothic, promoted by architects like
Józef Pius Dziekoński (
Karol Scheibler's Chapel in
Łódź,
St. Florian's Cathedral in Warsaw,
Białystok Cathedral,
Radom Cathedral),
Konstanty Wojciechowski (
Częstochowa Cathedral),
Jan Sas-Zubrzycki (
St. Joseph's Church in Krakow) and
Teodor Talowski (
Church of Sts. Olha and Elizabeth in
Lviv,
Church of St. Mary in
Ternopil). Apart from Polish architects, also some important German and Austrian architects were active in the partitioned Poland, e.g.
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (
St. Martin's Church in
Krzeszowice, the
Kórnik Castle, the Radziwiłł Palace in
Antonin),
Franz Schwechten (
Imperial Castle in Poznań and the
Lutheran Church in Łódź),
Friedrich Hitzig (
Kronenberg Palace in Warsaw, demolished in 1962),
Theophil Hansen (
House of military invalids in Lviv, now Ukraine),
Heinrich von Ferstel (Lutheran Church in Bielsko Biała) and
Fellner & Helmer (
Goetz Palace in
Brzesko,
Hotel George and
Noble Casino in Lviv, theaters in
Bielsko-Biała,
Cieszyn and
Toruń). Within the borders of the modern Poland are also important examples built in at the time
Prussian Silesia and
Prussian Pomerania, like the
Chrobry Embankment (germ.
Hakenterrasse) in
Szczecin and the works of
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (town hall in
Kołobrzeg,
Kamieniec Ząbkowicki Palace),
Friedrich August Stüler (
Royal Palace of Wrocław,
St. Barbara's Church in Gliwice) and
Alexis Langer (
St. Mary's Church in Katowice,
St. Michael Archangel's Church in Wrocław). In the era of capitalism, many factory owners' villas and palaces are built, as well as numerous workers' housing estates and industrial buildings. File:Jagiellonian University Collegium Novum, 1882 designed by Feliks Księżarski, 24 Gołębia street, Old Town, Krakow, Poland.jpg|
Collegium Novum of the
Jagiellonian University in Krakow (by Feliks Księżarski, 1873–87) File:TeatrIm.JuliuszaSłowackiego-WidokZPlacuŚw.Ducha-POL, Kraków.jpg|
Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Krakow (by Jan Zawiejski, 1891–93) File:Lviv Opera House.jpg|
Lviv Opera, now Ukraine (by Zygmunt Gorgolewski, 1897–1900) File:Gmach Główny Politechniki Warszawskiej 2018.jpg|
Warsaw Polytechnic (by Stefan Szyller, 1899–01) File:ŁÓDŹ 20190716 195624-025.jpg|
Izrael Poznański Palace in Łódź (by Hilary Majewski and Juliusz Jung, 1888–1903) File:Łódź-Karol Scheibler's Chapel (3).jpg|
Karol Scheibler's Chapel in Łódź (by Edward Lilpop, Józef Pius Dziekoński, 1885–88) File:Bazylika katedralna św. Michała Archanioła i św. Floriana Męczennika w Warszawie 2022.jpg|
St. Florian's Cathedral in Warsaw (by Józef Pius Dziekoński, 1888–04) File:Saint Joseph church in Kraków-Podgórze 2016-11-05.jpg|
St. Joseph's Church in Krakow (by Jan Sas-Zubrzycki, 1905–09) File:Кропивницького пл., 1, церква св. Ольги і Єлизавети, 9109-HDR-Edit ed.jpg|
Church of Sts. Olha and Elizabeth in Lviv, now Ukraine (by Teodor Talowski, 1903–11) File:Church of St Martin of Tours , 1 Grunwaldzka street, City of Krzeszowice, Kraków County, Poland.jpg|St. Martin's Church in
Krzeszowice (by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, 1824–44) File:Castillo de Kórnik, Kórnik, Polonia, 2016-12-21, DD 03.jpg|
Kórnik Castle (by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, 1843–58) File:Nowy Sącz, Ratusz - fotopolska.eu (185664).jpg|
Nowy Sącz Town Hall (by Jan Peroś, 1897) File:Zamek Cesarski w Poznaniu, fasada od strony ogrodu zamkowego.jpg|
Imperial Castle in Poznań (by Franz Schwechten, 1905–10) File:Lublin. Grand Hotel "Lublinianka" (3).jpg|
Grand Hotel Lublinianka (by Gustaw Landau, 1899) File:Teatr im. Wilama Horzycy sm1.jpg|
Wilam Horzyca Theater in Toruń (by Fellner & Helmer, 1903–04) File:PL-Katowice-Kosciol-Mariacki-2014 02.JPG|
St. Mary's Church in Katowice (by Alexis Langer, 1862–79) File:Wroclaw kosciol Michala Archaniola.jpg|St. Michael Archangel's Church in Wrocław (by Alexis Langer, 1862–71) File:Szczecin Waly Chrobrego dron (1).jpg|
Chrobry Embankment (germ.
Hakenterrasse) in Szczecin
Art Nouveau and Folk Architecture Art Nouveau emerged as an attempt to abandon stylization and eclecticism, invent a new architectural style that would meet the spirit of the time. The most important centre of this style was
Galicia, where many buildings were built under the influence of the
Vienna Secession. The most important architects were
Franciszek Mączyński in Krakow (
Palace of Art,
House Under the Globe,
Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) and
Władysław Sadłowski in Lviv (
Lviv railway station,
Lviv's Philharmonic,
Industrial School). Moreover, in Krakow important are also the interiors designed by
Stanisław Wyspiański in the House of the Krakow Medical Society and by
Józef Mehoffer in the
House Under the Globe. In
Bielsko-Biała some architects direct from
Vienna were active, like
Leopold Bauer (
Saint Nicholas' Cathedral, house at 51 Stojałowskiego Street) and
Max Fabiani (house at 1 Barlickiego Street). Other important examples in the city include also the so-called
Frog House. In
Congress Poland the Art Nouveau is represented by e.g. the Leopold Kindermann's Villa and the
Poznanski's Mausoleum in Łódź, the bank building at 47 Sienkiewicza Street in Kielce and the early-modernist
Eagles House in Warsaw. Polish architects from the 1890s were also discovering folk motives. The leading figure of this trend was
Stanisław Witkiewicz, the founder of the
Zakopane Style. Folk-inspired were also many World War I Eastern Front cemeteries in Galicia, many of them designed by
Dušan Jurkovič. File:Pałac Sztuki (Palace of Art), 1898 design. by Franciszek Mączyński, 4 Szczepański Square, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|Palace of Art in Krakow (by Franciszek Mączyński, 1898) File:Pod Globusem (Under the Globe) house, 1904 design. Franciszek Mączyński and Tadeusz Stryjeński, 11 Basztowa Street, Kraków, Poland.jpg|House Under the Globe in Krakow (by Franciszek Mączyński and Tadeusz Stryjeński, 1904–05) File:Kraków ul. Długa 1. Dom Izby Przemysłowo-Handlowej A 318 w2.jpg|House Under the Globe in Kraków - interior by
Józef Mehoffer File:Krakow church 20070805 0912.jpg|Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Krakow (by Franciszek Mączyński, 1907–21) File:Двірцева пл., 9271-Pano-Edit.jpg|
Lviv railway station, now Ukraine (by Władysław Sadłowski, 1899–04) File:7 Chajkovskoho Street, Lviv.jpg|Lviv's Philharmonic, now Ukraine (by Władysław Sadłowski, 1905–08) File:Bielsko-Biała - Cathedral of St. Nicholas (02).jpg|Saint Nicholas' Cathedral in Bielsko-Biała (by Leopold Bauer, 1909–10) File:Bielsko-Biała, Frog House.jpg|Frog House in Bielsko-Biała (by Emanuel Rost, 1903) File:SM Łódź Wólczańska 31 2017 (7) ID 613428.jpg|Leopold Kindermann's Villa in Łódź (by Gustaw Landau-Gutenteger, 1903) File:ODNOWIONY POMNIK NA CMENTARZU ŻYDOWSKIM W ŁODZI.JPG|Poznanski's Mausoleum in Łódź (by Adolf Zeligson, 1901–03) File:Warszawa Dom pod Orłami 2009.jpg|Eagles House in Warsaw (by Jan Fryderyk Heurich, 1912–17) File:Willa „Oksza”, Zakopane, A-68 M 02.jpg|Villa Oksza in
Zakopane (by Stanisław Witkiewicz, 1894–95) File:Willa pod Jedlami.JPG|Villa Pod Jedlami in Zakopane (by Stanisław Witkiewicz, 1897) File:Kaplica Jaszczurowka.jpg|Chapel in Jaszczurówka, Zakopane (by Stanisław Witkiewicz, 1904–07) File:Łużna, cmentarz wojenny nr 123, kaplica cmentarna (gontyna) (HB1).jpg|Chapel in the World War I Eastern Front Cemetery No. 123 in Łużna – Pustki (by Dušan Jurkovič, 1915) File:Regietów, cmentarz wojenny nr 51 (HB1).jpg|The World War I Eastern Front Cemetery 51 in Regietów (by Dušan Jurkovič, 1915) == Modern architecture ==