Establishment (1946-1957) In 1949, at the time the People's of Republic China was established, the Ministry of Culture sent a group of young animators, including
Te Wei (1915-2010), the caricaturist, and Jing Shi (1919-1997), the painter, to
Changchun Film Studio, known as
Northeast Film Studio before 1946, to start an animation team. As Te Wei described, the pioneers had a lack of knowledge and technique regarding animation, so at the time, Te Wei led the team to study animation productions done by the Soviet Union. In 1950, the animation team transferred to Shanghai, where advanced animating equipment and human resources were available, and it was expanded by the entry of new young artists from
Central Academy of Fine Arts, the Art Institute of Suzhou, and other leading institutions. Meanwhile, as the political situation stabilized in China, the
Wan Brothers,
Wan Chaochen and
Wan Laiming, the earliest Chinese animators, returned to Shanghai to join the group. In 1957, Shanghai Animation Film Studio was officially set up as an independent department under the Ministry of Culture. As the director and the head of the studio, Te Wei led over 200 workers at the time to create educational and entertaining animated films for children. While learning animation techniques from overseas, the pioneers started to explore new methods to reflect Chinese cultural characteristics, including using puppets, paper-cutting, and traditional Chinese art elements such as
Beijing Opera masking.
The Magical Pen (1955) and
The Conceited General (1956), two of the most representative films at the time, brought up attention worldwide and won a series of domestic and international awards. The founding of Shanghai Animation Film studio was also promoted by the "
Hundred Flowers Campaign" in 1956, in which the government of the Communist Party encouraged the development and innovation of technology and art in China. In this period, the studio developed various innovative techniques expressing national style. In 1958,
Wan Guchan, with young animator
Hu Jinqing, and their crew developed a new animating technique,
jianzhi, based on Chinese traditional paper-cuts and produced the first jianzhi style animation,
Pigsy Eats Watermelon (1958).
Te Wei, inspired by the famous ink wash artist
Qi Baishi, directed the first ink-wash and brush-painting style animated film -
Little Tadpoles Looking for Mama (1960), which won high valued awards at movie festivals, including the Locarno International Film Festival in 1961, the 4th Annecy International Animation Film Festival in 1962, and the 17th Cannes Film Festival in 1964. In 1963, Te Wei and Qian Jiajun produced the second ink-wash and brush-painting animation,
Buffalo Boy and the Flute (1963). In the same period, Yu Zhenguang (1906-1991) directed the first folded-paper animation,
A Clever Duckling (1963), featuring a folk craft technique called
zhezhi (also known as Japanese
origami). The most well-known animation produced at Shanghai Animation Film Studio is
Havoc in Heaven (Da Nao Tian Gong) (1961,1964), directed by Wan Laiming as his second cel animation. He adopted many features from Chinese stage art for environmental design, character design, movement reference (especially in
Peking opera's military style), and the beautiful rich color palette. The movie was shown at the Locarno Film Festival in 1965 and won wide praise from international audiences. In this period, Shanghai Animation Film studio produced a good amount of remarkable animated films in various forms, including
The adventures of The Little Fisherman (1959),
The Spirit of Ginseng (1961),
Red Army Bridge (1964),
More or Less (1964), and so on. These films brought Chinese animation to the world stage at that time. When
Peking Television was launched on September 2, 1958, the Shanghai Animation Film Studio began producing animated TV commercials for various clients including
Tsingtao Brewery, but the station stopped airing TVCs during the
Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976. However, it wasn't until 1979, when the Shanghai Animation Film Studio resumed the production of animated TV commercials since the
reform and opening up held by
Deng Xiaoping from 1978 to 2013, including
Coca-Cola (an
American soft drink from
Atlanta,
Georgia, which was unofficially sold in communist
Mainland China from 1949 to 1979 before it became official). The golden age ended with the outbreak of the
Cultural Revolution in 1966, which dealt the animation film industry a hard blow, and limited the productivity of the studio.
Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) During the period of the
Cultural Revolution, the whole studio was shut down by
the Red Guards from 1965 to 1972. Almost all the animated films produced before were prohibited, except
The Cock Crows at Midnight (1964) by Yiou Lei, a puppet film about overthrowing evil landlords, and
Two Heroic Sisters of the Grasslands (1964), directed by Qian Yunda and Tang Cheng, singing the praises of
Mao Zedong and the
Chinese Communist Party: "There are countless stars in the sky. But greater by far is the number of the commune's sheep. In the sky are pure white clouds. But whiter yet is the wool of the commune's sheep. Whiter yet is the wool of the commune's sheep. Our beloved Chairman Mao Dear Chairman Mao, under your sun the prairie prospers. Our beloved Communist Party, Dear Communist Party. The little shepherdesses grow under your leadership. The little shepherdesses grow under your leadership…" [
Two Heroic Sisters of the Grasslands (1964)] The first
puppet series,
The Story of Afanti, was published in 1980 and vividly depicts
Afanti, a legendary figure of the
Xinjiang Uygur ethnic group. In 1981,
Three Monks, based on a Chinese folk proverb, was published by The Shanghai Fine Arts Film Studio and won the first Golden Rooster Award for Chinese film in 1980. In 1984, Shanghai Animation Film Studio adjusted the leadership, with Yan Dingxian as director and Te Wei as a consultant. The focus of this period was on a series of fine art films. For example, the first paper-cut series
Calabash Brothers (which became a pop culture phenomenon) the 13-episode animated series ''
The Dirty King's Adventures, the animated series Shuke and Beta,
and The Rubik's Cube Tower'' were also important works of this period. Subsequently, Zhou Keqin and Chang Guangxi successively held the post of factory director. Another well known series,
Black Cat Detective was started in the same year, being an adaptation of the
manhua with the same name by
Zhu Zhixiang. Since 1985, Chinese animation films have experienced a difficult period, when anime from Japan and the United States quickly took over the domestic market. In 1992, one of the first Western companies to come in contact with the studio was Prrfect Animation in
San Francisco,
United States. They attempted to bring efficiency, dependability, and quality control to the studio. In 2001, the studio became part of the
Shanghai Film Group Corporation. In 1994, Jin Guoping became the factory director.
Lotus Lantern (1999) was another theatrical animated film after the
Golden Monkey King (1984), and it was the first commercial animated film in China. It was made by Chang Guangxi as director, Wu Yigong as artistic director, and Jin Fuzai as music director.
Jiang Wen,
Jing Ning,
Chen Paisi,
Xu Fan, and others participated in the dubbing. The three theme songs and interludes were "365 Days to Think of you", "Heaven and Earth in my Heart", and "Love in one Word". The singers were
Coco Lee,
Liu Huan, and
Zhang Xinzhe.
21st century (2000-Present) In 2001,
Music Up, the first animated series of campus music, opened a new chapter for domestic animation with its flying and unrestrained dream chasing stories and many original songs elaborately created. With the new strength of Hu Yanbin, Inspiration Band, and other bands, it set a record of super platinum album sales. In 2004, the first installment of
Big Ear Tutu animation series, directed by Su Da, was released and premiered on CCTV children's channel. Over the course of five seasons, the 130-episode series has been a childhood companion for countless children. For many years in a row, it has been the champion of The Children's Channel of CCTV and the four big cartoon TV stations in terms of audience rating, with over 2 billion online voD. In 2006, Shanghai Animation Films Studio produced the cinema puppet film "Xi Yu Qi Tong". In 2007, the shadow produced a large national epic cinema cartoon "
Warriors", and won the "12th China
Hua Biao Award Outstanding Animated Film", "Changzhou Best Feature Film Award", and also won the "
Golden Rooster Award for Best Animated Film" and "
Golden Bear Award" International - the best cinema cartoon animation works. In 2011, more than 50 years after
Havoc in Heaven was released, the studio combined tradition with high technology and teamed up with the world's largest film and television post-production company to create a new 3D version of the classic work. In March 2013, the studio sued
Apple Inc. for selling over 110 of their films on
iTunes without authorization. In April 2018, Su Da became the director of Shanghai Animation Film Studio. In 2024, the studio released "
Yao - A Chinese Story", an animated anthology that gained both critical praise and wide popularity. The first episode of the series was later adapted into a 2025 film,
Nobody. Loosely based on the stories of
The Journey to the West, the film broke the record to become the highest grossing 2D animated feature film in China. == Key people ==