Background FC Cincinnati was founded in 2015 and played its first three seasons in the second-division United Soccer League (since renamed the
USL Championship) at
Nippert Stadium, a
college football venue. After a successful first season in which the team's home games averaged 17,296 attendees, the club's ownership group began negotiations with Major League Soccer to bid for an expansion franchise. Cincinnati formally submitted its expansion bid in January 2017, including a shortlist of locations for a potential stadium to meet the bid's requirement for a
soccer-specific venue. FC Cincinnati's management first suggested the possibility of building a new stadium in late November 2016, when the club hosted MLS commissioner
Don Garber for a day-long visit. During a town hall meeting held with club supporters that day, Garber suggested that Nippert was not a long-term solution for the team. Club president
Jeff Berding said during the meeting that the club had recently begun to look for sites in or near the "urban core" of Cincinnati.
Location decision and negotiations FC Cincinnati narrowed the list of locations for a potential stadium to a shortlist of three sites in May 2017: the football stadium used by
Taft High School in the West End neighborhood; the former
Milacron factory in
Oakley on
Interstate 71; and a riverfront site in
Newport, Kentucky. The club unveiled preliminary designs for a stadium in June 2017, outlining plans for a horseshoe-shaped stadium with a continuous roof and capacity for 25,000 to 30,000 people. It was designed by
Dan Meis, who envisioned steep terraced seating and homages to
Allianz Arena in
Munich, including the use of
LED lights and a translucent
ETFE roof, for use at the three shortlist sites. commissioner
Todd Portune speaks at a 2017 public hearing which was attended by many FC Cincinnati supporters advocating for stadium funding. On November 29, 2017, the
Cincinnati City Council passed legislation that would fund infrastructure improvements and a parking garage at the stadium, should a location within the city be chosen. The Oakley site was named as the leading candidate and formed the basis of the city council's infrastructure legislation. FC Cincinnati presented its bid to MLS in December, including a stadium at the Oakley site, but the
Nashville bid was chosen instead for a 2020 expansion. The club signed an
option contract with the Cincinnati Metropolitan Housing Authority to acquire land in the West End neighborhood in January 2018, signaling their intent to choose the site. The following month, FC Cincinnati revealed plans to perform a
land swap with
Cincinnati Public Schools to acquire Stargel Stadium on the campus of Taft High School, with a new high school stadium being built nearby. The land swap would require the approval of the Cincinnati Public School's board of directors, who declined to accept the club's offer because of
tax abatement rules, which would require an additional $20 million in taxes to be paid by FC Cincinnati. In response, FC Cincinnati announced in March that it would remove the West End site from consideration and focus on the remaining two sites, which had the support of their respective county governments. By early April, however, the club had announced that the Oakley and Newport sites were out of contention, due to the remoteness of the Oakley site and a landowner dispute in Newport, and that FC Cincinnati would restart negotiations for the West End site. The school board received an offer from the club to pay $25 million and build a new $10 million high school stadium and unanimously approved the land swap on April 10. The club signed a community benefits agreement with the West End Neighborhood Council, despite opposition from a majority of the council, but the proposal was amended and agreed to by a majority of the council weeks later. On April 16, the city council voted 5–4 for an ordinance that would fund $40 million in infrastructure improvements to support the stadium project. A second city council vote on May 16 approved the community benefits agreement and was the final city action needed before a decision by MLS. The league awarded the expansion franchise in an announcement on May 29. The construction of a new $200 million stadium with public money remained controversial, culminating in the formation of a citizens' group in 2017 to push Nippert Stadium as the permanent home of Cincinnati's MLS team. FC Cincinnati ruled out the use of Nippert Stadium due to the stadium's outdated design that would present construction challenges. During the final negotiations for the West End site, a separate group proposed that the community benefits agreement be decided in a public
referendum, but were rejected on the grounds that the city council used an emergency ordinance to approve the stadium deal.
Design revisions and criticism in
Munich, which features an
LED-illuminated exterior made of
ETFE. Under a preliminary design schematic released in May 2018, the stadium would have 21,080 seats, with 16,610
general admission seats and 3,970 premium seats. An additional 7,000 seats would be added by filling in two of the corners and ends. However, in June 2018, the club said that they were essentially "starting over" on designing the stadium. Club president
Jeff Berding said that he expected the capacity to be somewhere between 21,000 and 30,000 spectators, depending on what the club could afford. In October 2018, FC Cincinnati released new design concept images of the West End Stadium for the first time since the stadium site had been finalized. As in previous designs, the roof and exterior facades would be made of
ETFE foil, a translucent material upon which colors and designs may be projected. The stadium was now expected to hold between 25,500 and 26,500 attendees, which would make it one of the largest
soccer-specific stadiums in North America. The dimensions of the stadium were also announced with new precision; the club shared draft images showing the precise footprint of the stadium within its land plot, and declared that the stadium's maximum height would be less than . In response to criticism from West End residents, the stadium design was revised again in February 2019. The roof's orange color was replaced, and the 428-stall parking garage was relocated to the intersection of Central Parkway and Wade Street. Plans for in additional residential and commercial development along Central Parkway were scrapped in favor of opening the street with a pedestrian plaza. The stadium's design was also constrained by a
Duke Energy transmission line that is buried underneath the site. The city government subsequently approved an additional land sale for the stadium during the same month, for a police parking lot that would grant the city $8 million in revenue. The club also contracted a consulting firm to determine the stadium's impact to the nearby
Cincinnati Music Hall, including tests with
blank cartridges from a
shotgun, and concluded that the stadium noise would interfere with musical performances. MEIS Architects was removed as the head architecture firm from the project by FC Cincinnati and replaced by
Populous, a Kansas City-based company responsible for several MLS venues. The new design revision, announced in March 2019, restored a reduced version of the orange lighting on the roof and exterior and expanded the canopy to cover the entire seating area. A grand staircase would connect the stadium's concourse with Central Parkway, while the exterior walls were redesigned to resemble a series of "ribbons" that wrap around the outer bowl. The club also acquired several additional properties in April 2019 along Wade Street to build a larger parking structure. A zoning change to support commercial development on the Wade Street site drew criticism due to the potential displacement of at least 17 residents from the existing apartment buildings on the property. In July 2019, Populous and FC Cincinnati unveiled a new design for the West End Stadium that replaced the exterior lighting and ETFE facade with vertical "fins" that individually light up to create special effects and animations. There were to be 513 fins, a homage to Cincinnati's
513 area code, each wide and deep, but the number was later reduced to 387 (of which 287 are lit). The club's proposal to extend the lighting scheme to include advertisements and other promotions was opposed by the Over-the-Rhine Community Council, who also criticized the permitting of year-round lighting. The final seating capacity was planned to be 26,000 spectators, including 59 suites and a premium club area with 4,500 seats. The stadium will include 3,100 seats in a
safe standing terrace that will replace The Bailey. The patterns and colors of the seating area, featuring navy blue seats and "Gary" the
winged lion from the club crest in orange, were chosen from four options by a public poll in May 2020.
Funding The stadium cost $250 million to construct, In June 2018, the club named
U.S. Bank as the financial partner for the project. ==Construction==