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Tauranga

Tauranga is a coastal city in the Bay of Plenty Region and the fifth-most populous city of New Zealand, with an urban population of 160,900, or roughly 3% of the national population. It was settled by Māori late in the 13th century and colonised by Europeans in the early 19th century. It was constituted as a city in 1963.

History
Settlement The earliest known settlers were Māori, who arrived in the 13th century at Tauranga in the Tākitimu and the Mātaatua waka. At 9 am on Friday, 23 June 1826, was the first European ship to enter Tauranga Harbour. The Revd Henry Williams conducted a Christian service at Otamataha Pā. In December 1826 and again in March 1827, the Herald travelled to Tauranga from the Bay of Islands to obtain supplies of potatoes, pigs and flax. In 1835 a Church Missionary Society mission station was established at Tauranga by William Wade. Rev. Alfred N. Brown arrived at the CMS mission station in 1838. John Morgan also visited the mission in 1838. Europeans trading in flax were active in the Bay of Plenty during the 1830s; some were transient, others married local women and settled permanently. The first permanent non-Maori trader was James Farrow, who travelled to Tauranga in 1829, obtaining flax fibre for Australian merchants in exchange for muskets and gunpowder. Farrow acquired a land area of on 10 January 1838 at Otūmoetai Pā from the chiefs Tupaea, Tangimoana and Te Omanu, the earliest authenticated land purchase in the Bay of Plenty. In 1840, a Catholic mission station was established. Bishop Pompallier was given land within the palisades of Otūmoetai Pā for a church and a presbytery. The mission station closed in 1863 due to land wars in the Waikato district. New Zealand Wars–Tauranga Campaign The Tauranga Campaign took place in and around Tauranga from 21 January to 21 June 1864, during the New Zealand Wars. The Battle of Gate Pā is the best known. The Battle of Gate Pā was an attack on the well fortified and its Māori defenders on 29 April 1864 by British forces made up of approximately 300 men of the 43rd Regiment and a naval contingent. The British casualties were 31 dead (including 10 officers), and 80 wounded – the highest loss of life suffered by the British military in the New Zealand Wars. The Māori defenders abandoned the Pā during the night with casualties estimated at 25 dead and an unknown number of wounded. Fires In November 1916, a large fire broke out on The Strand, destroying the Commercial Hotel and 11 other buildings. In 1936 another large fire occurred which started in the hotel's staff quarters and drew large crowds. Modern era Under the Local Government (Tauranga City Council) Order 2003, Tauranga became legally a city for a second time, from 1 March 2004. In August 2011, Tauranga received Ultra-Fast Broadband as part of the New Zealand Government's rollout. ==Geography==
Geography
Tauranga is located around a large harbour that extends along the western Bay of Plenty, and is protected by Matakana Island and the extinct volcano of Mauao (Mount Maunganui). Ngāumuwahine River is located 19 kilometres southwest of Tauranga. Tauranga and the Bay of Plenty are situated along a faultline and so experience (infrequent) seismic activity. There are a few volcanoes around the area, including both dormant volcanoes such as Mauao, nicknamed "The Mount" by locals, and active volcanoes such as White Island. Tauranga is roughly the antipode of Jaén, Spain. ==Administrative divisions==
Administrative divisions
Suburbs Tauranga City consists of the following suburbs, sorted by 2018 general electoral ward: • Te Papa / Welcome Bay Ward:Gate PaGreertonHairiniMaungatapuMerivaleMotuopuhi Island (Rat Island) • OhauitiPoikeTaurangaTauranga SouthWaikareao EstuaryWelcome BayOtumoetai / Pyes Pa Ward:BellevueBethlehemBrookfieldJudeaMatuaOmanawaOtūmoetaiPyes PaTaurikoThe Lakes VillageMount Maunganui / Papamoa Ward:AratakiKairuaMatapihiMount MaunganuiMoturiki IslandMotuotau IslandOmanuPapamoa BeachWaitao ;Notes: ==Climate==
Climate
Tauranga has an oceanic or maritime temperate climate (cfb) in the Köppen Climate Classification. Though in the Trewartha Climate Classification it is subtropical (cfbl) During the summer months the population swells as holidaymakers descend on the city, especially along the popular white coastal surf beaches from Mount Maunganui to Papamoa. ==Demographics==
Demographics
In 1976 Tauranga was a medium-sized urban area with a population of around 48,000. The completion of a harbour bridge in 1988 brought Tauranga and The Mount closer (they amalgamated in 1989) and re-energised the economies of both parts of the enlarged city. By 1996 Tauranga's population had grown to 82,092 and by 2006 had reached 103,635. By 2023, it had reached 152,844. and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2. Tauranga had a population of 152,844 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 15,714 people (11.5%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 37,683 people (32.7%) since the 2013 census. There were 73,821 males, 78,558 females and 462 people of other genders in 55,929 dwellings. 2.5% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 39.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 29,604 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 26,316 (17.2%) aged 15 to 29, 66,786 (43.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 30,138 (19.7%) aged 65 or older. ==Government and politics==
Government and politics
For elections to the New Zealand Parliament, the city of Tauranga is in the Tauranga, Bay of Plenty, and Waiariki electorates. Tauranga is located in the administrative area of the Tauranga City Council. The council consists of the Mayor of Tauranga and nine councillors. The mayor is elected by the city at-large, while the councillors are elected from nine wards (constituencies), each ward electing a single councillor. Elections are held via single transferable vote. The present nine wards were first established for the 2024 local elections. There are eight general wards (Mauao/Mount Maunganui, Arataki, Pāpāmoa, Welcome Bay, Matua-Otūmoetai, Bethlehem, Tauriko and Te Papa) and one Māori ward (Te Awanui, covering the entire city). Council elections are usually held every three years, most recently in 2024. The next local election for Tauranga is scheduled for 2028. In December 2020, the Minister of Local Government Nanaia Mahuta announced that, due to alleged "dysfunction" within the elected council, the council would be replaced by commissioners until the 2022 local elections. However, then Tauranga MP Simon Bridges said the appointment of commissioners was unnecessary and a "dramatic and draconian step." An independent review by law firm Russell McVeagh found that Mahuta's decision may have been unlawful. Her decision to reappoint the crown commission for a second term in 2022 through to July 2024 was subject to a legal review by Dentons Kensington Swan who found her decision was challengeable on the grounds of unlawfulness and unreasonableness. ==Economy==
Economy
Much of the countryside surrounding Tauranga is horticultural land, used to grow a wide range of fresh produce for both domestic consumption and export. There are many kiwifruit and avocados orchards as well as other crops. The Port of Tauranga is New Zealand's largest export port. It is a regular stop for both container ships and luxury cruise liners. on the Mount Maunganui side, looking south. Tauranga's main shopping malls are Bayfair, in Mount Maunganui and Tauranga Crossing in Tauriko. Most of the city's shopping centres are located in the suburbs. They include Fraser Cove, Tauranga Crossing, Bethlehem Town Centre, Papamoa Plaza, Fashion Island, Bayfair Shopping Centre, Bay Central and Greerton Village. Tauranga has the following business innovation centres • The Kollective • Newnham Park The following companies have their head office in Tauranga: • Ballance Agri-Nutrients • Brother NZ • C3 Limited • Craigs Investment Partners • Dominion Salt • Genera Biosecurity • Kiwi Bus BuildersPort of Tauranga • Shuzi New Zealand Limited • Tidy International • Trimax Mowing SystemsManawa EnergyUNO Magazine • Zespri International ==Arts and culture==
Arts and culture
Religion A wide variety of faiths are practised, including Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism, Taoism and Judaism. There are many denominations of Christianity including Pentecostal, Methodist, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Exclusive Brethren, Baptist, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and Jacobite Syrian Christian Church. Music The National Jazz Festival takes place in Tauranga every Easter. Events New Year celebrations at the Mount in Mount Maunganui are one of Tauranga's main events, bringing people from all around the country. In 2014 Tauranga City Council granted permission for an annual Sikh parade to celebrate Guru Gobind Singh's birthday. 2500 people took part in 2014, while in 2015, the number increased to 3500. Sports Tauranga has a large stadium complex in the Mount Manganui suburb, Baypark Stadium, rebuilt in 2001 after a similar complex closed in 1995. It hosts speedway events during summer and rugby matches in winter. Tauranga is also the home of football (soccer) club Tauranga City United who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2. Tauranga is the home to two rowing clubs – Tauranga Rowing Club in Memorial Park and Bay of Plenty Coast Rowing Club at the picturesque Wairoa River. Both clubs have had successful NZ representation over the years. Tauranga has an all weather outdoor athletics ground at Tauranga Domain. Tauranga also has a Hockey Association, separate from the Regional Bay of Plenty body, which represents the city in domestic tournaments. ==City facilities and attractions==
City facilities and attractions
Greater Tauranga is a very popular lifestyle and tourism destination. It features many natural attractions and scenery ranging from popular beaches and harbour environments to lush bush-clad mountains with waterfalls and lakes. Cultural attractions include the Tauranga Art Gallery, which opened in October 2007 and showcases local, national and international exhibitions in a range of media. On the 17th Avenue, the "Historic Village on 17th", recreates a historic setting with original and replica buildings from early Tauranga housing arts and gift shops. The Baycourt Community and Arts Centre is a multi-purpose performing arts and theatre facility located in the central business district. Aviation interests are well served with the Classic Flyers Museum and the Gyrate Flying Club where you can experience flying a modern gyroplane; the "motorbike of the sky". Tauranga has many parks: one of the largest is Memorial Park, and others include Yatton Park, Kulim Park, Fergusson Park and the large Tauranga Domain. The Te Puna Quarry Park has become a regional attraction, known for being converted from a disused quarry into a community park. Due to the temperate climate, outdoor activities are very popular, including golf, tramping (hiking), mountain biking and white water rafting. The Bay of Plenty coastline has miles of golden sandy beaches, and watersports are very popular, including swimming, surfing, fishing, diving, kayaking and kitesurfing. Tourists also enjoy dolphin-watching on specially run boat trips. The coastal suburb Papamoa and neighbouring Mount Maunganui are some of the more affluent areas in Tauranga. The region's beaches attract swimmers, surfers, kayakers and kitesurfers throughout the year. Tauranga has many outlying islands and reefs that make it a notable tourist destination point for travelling scuba divers and marine enthusiasts. Extensive marine life diversity is available to scuba divers all year round. Water temperatures range from 12 degrees Celsius in winter to 22–24 degrees Celsius in summer. Tauranga houses two professional dive instructor training centres, training NAUI, PADI and SSI dive leader systems. ==Infrastructure==
Infrastructure
Hospitals Tauranga Hospital is a public secondary regional hospital located in Tauranga South, with 360 beds including neonatal, geriatric, surgical, maternity and mental health care. It provides elective and emergency healthcare across medical, surgical, paediatric, obstetric, gynaecological and psychiatric services. The main tertiary referral centre for Tauranga Hospital is Waikato Hospital, located in Hamilton. As the site of the Bay of Plenty Clinical School, Tauranga Hospital provides training to medical students from the University of Auckland, as well as selective and elective placements for nursing and midwifery students. Grace Hospital is Tauranga's only private specialist surgical hospital, located in Oropi. It accommodates 6 operating theatres, 48 inpatient beds, a two-bed HDU, a procedure room for minor surgery and two procedure rooms for endoscopy. Utilities Powerco operates the local distribution network in the city, with electricity supplied from Transpower's national grid at three substations: Greerton, Kaitemako and Matapihi. Natural gas arrived in Tauranga in 1982, following the completion of the high-pressure pipeline from the Maui pipeline near Te Awamutu to the city, now operated by First Gas. First Gas also operates the gas distribution network within the city. From 24 October 2024, the Tauranga City Council began fluoridating the city's water supply in response to a directive from the Director-General of Health. ==Transport==
Transport
Tauranga City Council is currently responsible for approximately 530 km of roads, 700 km of footpaths, cycle ways and access ways. Tauranga City Council also has a bit of work under way with their Transportation and Roads strategy. Their aim for the future to change current travel behaviour from a focus on private cars to more sustainable modes such as buses, cycling and walking. Air Tauranga Airport is served by Air New Zealand with flights to Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. Sunair is based in Tauranga, operating a fleet of light aircraft. Sunair operates from Tauranga Airport to Whangarei, Claris, Whitianga and Mōtītī Island. Barrier Air also operates from Tauranga to Great Barrier Island. Rail Tauranga has no passenger rail network, however it is a busy freight rail hub due to distribution from the Port of Tauranga. Tauranga railway station Tauranga is located on the East Coast Main Trunk Railway (ECMT). It had a passenger station from 1924 to 1986, from the start of the ECMT at Hamilton. There was also a small station in the centre of town at Strand, finally closed in 2001. Although regular passenger services have ended, it is one of KiwiRail's busiest lines, with up to 86 goods trains a week between MetroPort Auckland and Tauranga (Sulphur Point and Mount Maunganui). Of the original buildings, the 1927 cargo shed is the only one to survive. History William Hall Jones, the Minister of Works visited Tauranga in 1906 and said he'd decided a railway must come to Tauranga. It took another 22 years to complete. The Tauranga-Matatā railway, was built by the Public Works Department (PWD) and opened in stages; Maunganui-Te Puke opened on 16 October 1913, extended to Paengaroa by April 1917, to Matatā about late July 1917, to Awakeri on 12 November 1923 and the Te Maunga to Tauranga section on Friday, 20 June 1924. The whole ECMT, from Auckland to Tāneatua, was opened at the Strand on Wednesday 28 March 1928 by the Prime Minister, Gordon Coates, and transferred from PWD to New Zealand Railways (NZR) on 18 June 1928 for the Tahawai-Tauranga section and Tauranga-Tāneatua, on 2 September 1928. In 1913 a temporary railway wharf was built, but then it wasn't until 1923 that a station and wharf accommodation were mentioned. In 1925 an engine shed was built and, when the railway fully opened in 1928, there was a platform, cart approach, x goods shed, loading bank, cattle and sheep yards, turntable, engine shed, 50-ton coal store, passing loop for 68 wagons, 6,000 gallon water vats with 9 inch hose pipes at each end of the station and a traverser at the wharf. Sometimes the wharf was too busy and ships had to wait. In March 1965 Poranui was the last Northern Steamship Co coaster to visit the Railway Wharf. After the Tauranga Harbour Bridge was built in 1988 only small ships could reach the wharf. Refreshment rooms opened on 5 December 1928. They were long with a x counter room, x and kitchen, stores, staff, milk, ham, fuel and lumber rooms. The roof had Marseilles tiles and the wide verandah matched that of the station, with a total length of . Although passenger services ended in 1967, the rooms remained in 1969, to cater for the Road Services. Railway houses were built; in 1910 an 8-roomed house and platelayers' cottages, 1921 a house, 1922 the stationmaster's house and 4 houses, 1925 2, 1926 cottages 1928 20 houses and state houses in 1953 (2), 1955 (6) and 1956 (7). Passenger services ended on 11 September 1967 and the main station was demolished in 1986.The 1927 cargo shed remains and was refurbished as an events venue in 2023. File:Cargo_Shed_and_SS_Korowai.jpg|Railway Wharf, Cargo Shed and SS Korowai in 1954. Strand station is background left File:Tauranga_railway_station_in_1968.jpg|Tauranga railway station in 1968 File:Tauranga_railway_station_in_1976.jpg|Station in 1976 File:Tauranga train bridge.jpg|Tauranga railway bridge File:00 2023 Tauranga (New Zealand) - Herries Park and Railway station.jpg|alt= East Coast Main Trunk Railway station in Tauranga City|A KiwiRail train on the East Coast Main Trunk Railway which runs through the central city. Strand railway station Strand railway station wasn't included in the original plans for the line and wasn't shown in the 1924 timetable, but by March 1928 it had a platform and cart approach and, by the handover to NZR in September, it also had a station building. On 22 May 1978 it was noted that it had no building and on Saturday 24 June 1978 it closed to all traffic. when "Tauranga station was built on the site of the old Strand station". File:The_Strand_c._1922.jpg|ss Matangi and Strand in 1923 File:The_Strand_c_1927.jpg|Strand c 1927 File:Strand_railway_station.jpg|Strand in 1954 Matapihi Railway Bridge Tauranga Harbour Bridge, now known as Matapihi Railway Bridge, No.71, is long. It spans the Waimapu Estuary on 14 x 85 ton spans of , with 250,628 rivets, the last being ceremoniously driven in on 25 February 1924. It rests on 15 cylinders, of to . The east end is straight, transitioning to a curve. At its highest point the bridge is above high water mark. Nearly of concrete and 100 tons of steel were used in the piers and abutments and 1,200 tons of steel in the girders. A warm water spring was found in construction. The first pier had been built by 1916. In 1918 the New Zealand Herald questioned whether delays were due to wartime steel shortages, or money saving. It wasn't until Sunday, 1 June 1924 that the bridge opened. or being hit by trains. Bus Main transportation in the city is provided by the BayBus, with twelve routes servicing the city's population. Bay Hopper buses depart the central stops in Tauranga's CBD, Ohauiti, Mount Maunganui and Bayfair every 15 minutes, with the routes to Papamoa and Greerton half-hourly. Bee Cards were introduced for fares on 27 July 2020. The city is also a waypoint for bus travel between cities, with the Bay Hopper, and Intercity having a daily schedule. Sea Tauranga has a passenger ferry service that transports passengers from Tauranga CBD to Mount Maunganui's Salisbury wharf. It is a 2-Way service that costs $15 each way. ==Education==
Education
Tauranga is home to the Bay of Plenty Tertiary Education Partnership, made up of: • Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology • The University of WaikatoTe Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi The organisations currently share two main campuses, but are planning a new central campus. Stage 1 was expected to be open in 2017, catering for 500 but with capacity for 700, which cost $67.3 million. Tauranga's secondary schools are: • Tauranga Boys' College, with about 2100 boys. • Tauranga Girls' College, with nearly 1500 girls. • Otumoetai College, with nearly 1900 students. • Bethlehem College, a state integrated Christian school offering kindergarten and Year 1–13, with around 1500 students. • Aquinas College a state integrated coeducational Catholic school founded in 2003 for Years 7–13, with around 800 students. • Mount Maunganui College, a co-educational secondary school, with over 1500 students. • Pāpāmoa College, co-educational secondary school opened in 2011 for years 7–13. • Te Wharekura o Mauao, a co-educational wharekura-ā-iwi total immersion Māori secondary school for Years 7–13, founded in 2010, with around 200 students. • Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Te Kura Kōkiri, a co-educational kura kaupapa Māori total immersion school for Years 1–13, founded in 2000, with around 140 students. ACG Tauranga, the city's first fully private school, offers school to Year 12. ==Notable residents== • Corey Anderson – international cricketer • Tim Balme – actor, director • Trent Boult – international cricketer • Tyler Boyd – footballer who represented the United StatesJohn Bracewell – international cricketer • Simon Bridges – MP for Tauranga; former Leader of the New Zealand National Party; CEO of the Auckland Chamber of Commerce • Peter Burling – America's Cup helmsman and Olympic medallist • Moss Burmester – Olympic swimmer • Sam Cane – international rugby player • Tony Christiansen – former Paralympics, FESPIC Games and World Games medallist, professional speaker and Tauranga City Councillor • Bob Clarkson – former Member of Parliament and property developer • Aaron de Mey – makeup artist • Dame Susan Devoy – former World Squash Champion • Dame Lynley Dodd – award-winning author and illustrator, principally known for her children's picture books featuring Hairy Maclary and his friends • Mahé Drysdale – Olympic rower • Daniel Flynn – international cricketer • Hilda Hewlett – pioneer aviator • Gunnar Jackson – professional middleweight boxer • Jess Johnson – artist • Tanerau Latimer – former international rugby player • Tony Lochhead – footballer • Todd Muller – MP for Bay of Plenty; former Leader of the New Zealand National Party • Richard O'Brien – author of The Rocky Horror Show (spent his formative years here) • Ny Oh – folk musician • Phil Rudd – drummer for AC/DC • Richie Stanaway – racing driver • Andrew Stevenson – Olympic rower, Double World Champion Rower, NZ 1982 Sportsman of the Year • Sir Gordon Tietjens – coach of the New Zealand national rugby sevens teamKane Williamson – international cricketer ==Past residents==
Past residents
Kathleen Hawkins – known as the "Pioneer Poet" • Les MunroDambusters veteran • Winston Peters – former MP for Tauranga, leader of NZ First, politician • Stan WalkerR&B singer, former Australian Idol contestant and winner ==Sister cities==
Sister cities
Tauranga is twinned with: • Hitachi, Japan • San Bernardino, United States • Yantai, China ==References==
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