Thamesmead

Military use Most of the land area of Thamesmead previously formed about of the old Royal Arsenal site that extended over Plumstead Marshes and Erith Marshes. There is some evidence of prehistoric human occupation of the area: flints, animal bones and charcoal were found in bore holes around Western and Central Way in 1997 by the Museum of London Archaeological Service (MOLAS). In Roman times, the river level was significantly lower, and work by MOLAS in 1997 around Summerton Way revealed evidence of field ditches and pottery and quernstones from Germany dating from around the 3rd or 4th century. After the Roman era, river levels rose again and the area reverted to marshland. According to Hasted, some areas of this marshland were drained by 1279 by the monks of Lesnes Abbey. Between 1812 and 1816, a canal was built by convicts to take materials such as timber from the River Thames to Woolwich Royal Arsenal. Much of this canal has been filled in, but part remains in Thamesmead West and is now called the Broadwater. A disused lock gate and swing bridge over the canal still exist beside the River Thames. Original concept Thamesmead as it is now was built at the end of the 1960s. Efforts were made to solve the social problems that had already started to affect earlier estates. These were believed to be the result of people being uprooted from close-knit working-class communities and sent to estates many miles away, where they did not know anybody. The design of the new estates meant that people would feel more isolated than they would have done in the terraced housing that had been typical in working-class areas. The solution proposed was that once the initial residents had moved in, their families would be given priority for new housing when it became available. Another radical idea of the GLC division architect Robert Rigg was taken from housing complexes in Sweden, where it was believed that lakes and canals reduced vandalism and other crime, mainly among the young. He used water as a calming influence on the residents. in foreground (2017)Much of Thamesmead was initially built by the Greater London Council (GLC) for rent to families moving from overcrowded back-to-back Victorian housing (also referred to as slums) in south eastern parts of Inner London. The area had been inundated in the Flood of 1953, so the original design placed living accommodation at first floor level or above, used overhead walkways and left the ground level of buildings as garage space. In 1985, the government abolished the GLC. They transferred ownership of Thamesmead to Thamesmead Town Limited (TTL) which was formally established in 1986, following a public vote. Its nine executive directors were local residents; they periodically submitted themselves to re-election. Subsequently six additional paid directors who did not live in the area were appointed. Problems with the estate Lack of public transport Despite early proposals for the Jubilee Line Extension to go to Thamesmead, District heating and cable radio broadcasting were pioneered in Thamesmead. The District heating system was decommissioned around 2000; properties connected to it had wet radiator systems installed by the landlord. The Tavy Bridge area is now being redeveloped by Gallions in partnership with Wates Group; the plans include homes with dwelling space at ground-floor level, making them susceptible to any future flooding. The Lesnes estate is also planned to be demolished and redeveloped by Bexley council and the Peabody Trust. Thamesmead now features a retail park finished in brick anchored around a Morrisons Supermarket; there is also a shopping parade which has mainly service-based outlets such as hairdressers and estate agents. It features a clock tower and lake. Some of the original overhead pedestrian walkways have been demolished for reasons of public safety and some ground-floor garages have been unfilled, as incidents of crime deterred their use as parking space. Trust Thamesmead is a registered charity set up to provide community services across Thamesmead. It runs six community centres and a variety of projects promoting social development and work and training projects. Thamesmead West contains Gallions Ecopark a pioneering small social/affordable housing development with homes built to high energy efficiency and environmental standards. The estate also includes a small lake and a number of man-made landmarks created from recycled excavated material that serve as viewing platforms. The biggest of these is high Gallions Hill with a spiral path leading to the summit. Part of Thamesmead West is also sometimes referred to as Gallions Reach Urban Village. This can lead to confusion, as it is on the opposite bank of the River Thames from Gallions Reach DLR station and Gallions Reach shopping park. There is no Docklands Light Railway, London Underground or rail station in Thamesmead West. Early 21st century new build properties in Thamesmead West have been blighted by social problems and mass repossessions, attracting national attention. Housing is still under construction both by Gallions Housing Association (for rent and part rent/part buy) and by private developers (for outright sale). Another new development is under construction in 2010. The final phase of the Gallions Reach Urban Village (ecopark) is the creation of Gallions Reach Park, a public open space land, between Gallions Hill and the River Thames. Water remains an important feature of the several parks and open spaces. In November 2007, Bexley Council marked Thamesmead's 40th birthday with a motion proposed by local Councillor David Leaf and seconded by Councillor John Davey. In 2014, Gallions, Tilfen Land and Trust Thamesmead were taken over by Peabody Trust, a London housing association. In 2015, two Housing Zones in Thamesmead were announced by the Mayor of London for delivery of 2,800 homes. The zones are Abbey Wood and South Thamesmead, between Abbey Wood station and Southmere Lake, and Abbey Wood, Plumstead and Thamesmead. Peabody said in 2018 that it will deliver 20,000 new homes, increasing the number of residents to around 80,000. While a railway extension from Barking Riverside was mooted for several years, Transport for London secured funding in 2020 for a potential Docklands Light Railway extension to Thamesmead on the network's branch to Beckton. A public consultation about the proposed extension was launched in February 2024. In 2026 the new library at The Nest was chosen by Poet Laureate Simon Armitage as one of the venues for his annual library tour which in that year visited libraries in places with initials N-P. == Geography ==

Thamesmead is located 11 miles (18 km) east of central London, being on the same latitude as Westminster. In Thamesmead East, the River Thames makes its most northerly incursion within Greater London near the Crossness Sewage Treatment Works. Areas Thamesmead consists of four distinct areas: • Thamesmead South is in Bexley and is the location of the original development built in the late 1960s to early 1970s. The buildings are almost entirely of concrete, in a Cubist/Brutalist/Modernist style, and include a number of high-rise blocks. It is east of Harrow Manorway (A2041) and south of the A2016. Postcode(s): SE2, DA18 • Thamesmead North is in Greenwich and Bexley and is north of the A2016 and east of the A2041. Built from the 1970s onwards, it was initially made up of town houses in grey brick; more recent builds are in red & yellow brick. Postcode(s): SE2, SE28 • Thamesmead Central is in Greenwich and was first developed in the early 1980s in the ring between the A2016 and A2041. It originally consisted of large, sprawling, concrete and red brick, eight- and nine-storey estates overlooking the A2041, and three-storey red-brick town houses. It has spread west of the A2041 and now also includes a number of red and yellow brick homes built from the 1990s onwards. Postcode(s): SE28 • Thamesmead West (also known as Broadwater Green) is in Greenwich near Woolwich and Plumstead (Between Whinchat Road, the A2016 & the banks of the river Thames) and was built from the 1990s onwards. It is a significant distance from the original development and consists mainly of medium density residential development with yellow brick fascias, with towers along the riverside. Postcode(s): SE28 Belmarsh Prison, Isis Prison and Thameside Prison are located on the western edge of the area, while the sewage processing works at Crossness, built in the Victorian era is on eastern edge of Thamesmead. The southern boundary is the covered Southern Outfall Sewer, which has been landscaped as an elevated footpath called the Ridgeway. Neighbouring areas Nearby areas are: Barking & Dagenham (across the Thames), Belvedere, Abbey Wood, Plumstead, Charlton, Welling, Woolwich, Bexleyheath, Erith and Greenwich. == Demography ==

Thamesmead's population is increasing rapidly as new developments are being built in the area. Based on mid-2018 estimates, the area's population has reached to 41,121, an increase of almost 30% in seven years over the 2011 figure of 31,824. Because of this, there is an increasing level of demand for the proposed DLR extension from Gallions Reach. In common with the rest of London, the ethnic make-up of Thamesmead has changed since it was first built. Initially, it was one of the most homogenous estates of its type in London, being predominately white and working class. The lack of London Underground services and at the very edge of the metropolis may have meant Thamesmead was not first port of call for immigrants arriving in London. The housing selection policy that favoured relatives of existing residents reinforced this aspect. However, after the Fall of Saigon and the American withdrawal from Vietnam in the late 1970s, a small group of Vietnamese refugees built a community in the area. In the 1990s, another ultimately larger wave of emigration from West Africa (predominately Nigeria and Ghana) began. The 2011 census revealed that 35.58% of residents in the Thamesmead Moorings ward described themselves as Black African, the highest percentage in both London and the UK; Thamesmead East had the second highest at 34.88%. Thamesmead also adjoins the Thistlebrook travellers site which is situated just inside Abbey Wood. Black or Black British 42.9% :Black African 35.6% :Black Caribbean 3.8% :Black Other 3.5% White 42.4% :White British 33.3% :White Irish 0.7% :White Gypsy or Irish Traveller 0.3% :White Other: 8.1% Asian or Asian British 7.8% :Indian 1.5% :Bangladeshi 0.7% :Pakistani 0.7% :Chinese 2.2% :Other Asian 2.7% Mixed race 5.3% :White and Black Caribbean 1.7% :White and Black African 1.8% :White and Asian 0.6% :Mixed Other 1.2% Other ethnic groups 1.7% :Arab 0.3% :Other 1.4% == Crime ==

Gangs and crime became prevalent in the area in the late 1970s due to high rates of poverty. In the 1980s, there was an increase in racist gangs within Thamesmead and neighbouring areas such as Welling, Erith, Belvedere, Eltham, and Plumstead. The murder of Rolan Adams in 1991 drew national attention to racist violence in the area and is frequently discussed in connection with the murder of Stephen Lawrence, who was killed in a similar incident in nearby Eltham in 1993. From the late 1990s onwards, a significant increase in Afro-Caribbean people moved into the area from abroad (especially from Ghana, Nigeria, and Jamaica) and from inner South London (due to re-housing and gentrification in areas such as Peckham, Camberwell, Walworth and Brixton). In 2014, some estate residents claimed that the gang T-Block (now known locally as Greenside or GS28) had been left untouched by police, amid high levels of drug-related crime and violence taking place in Thamesmead and the nearby areas of Abbey Wood and Plumstead. During the mid-to late 2000s and early 2010s, T-Block engaged in a turf war with local gangs Woolwich Boys, Cherry Orchard Boys and R.A. (Welling and Erith), while also forming alliances with other local gangs such as Glyndon Boys, Ferrier Estate Boys and Peckham Boys. Thamesmead has been dubbed the 'fraud capital of the UK', as well as 'Little Lagos' due to its association with West African criminal gangs. ==Education==

The Bishop John Robinson CE School is a voluntary-aided Church of England primary school with a nursery in Hoveton Road, Thamesmead, named after John Robinson, Bishop of Woolwich. == Transport ==

Thamesmead's location between the Thames and the South London escarpment (see North Downs) makes it difficult to build new road and railway infrastructure. As a result, Thamesmead has no underground or above-ground rail lines. With a population of almost 32,000, it is one of the largest districts in Greater London with no railway infrastructure. Most residents travel by bus to the nearest rail stations. There is, however, a disused railway trackbed from Plumstead which originally served the Royal Arsenal. The London Assembly proposed on 4 October 2016 to build an extension of the DLR from Gallions Reach to Thamesmead, and a public consultation about the proposed extension was launched in February 2024. Buses Many bus routes serve the area, all provided by Transport for London. National Rail The nearest stations are Abbey Wood, Belvedere, Plumstead and Woolwich Arsenal for Southeastern and services towards Crayford, Dartford, London Cannon Street, London Charing Cross, Elizabeth line services to Paddington and Thameslink services towards Rainham via Dartford and Luton via Blackfriars. Cycle paths The Ridgeway cycle path, owned by Thames Water, passes through the town from Plumstead Railway station to Crossness Sewage Treatment works, dividing the town into North and South Thamesmead. == Culture ==

There are a wide variety of active community groups and local bands (The Bargains and a member of post-rock act From The Sky) and a short-range commercial radio station - 106.8 Time FM - that grew from the original cable (subsequently FM) service "Radio Thamesmead". Places of worship in the area include the Thamesmead Ecumenical Parish, with shared buildings and co-operation by the Methodist Church, Church of England, United Reformed Church and Roman Catholic Church, and the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Goodnews Haven on Nathan Way. Sport and leisure The local football team was Thamesmead Town F.C. who played at the Bayliss Avenue ground. Thamesmead were champions of the Kent League in 2007–08, and were then promoted to the Isthmian League Division One North. Thamesmead Town folded in October 2018. The Thamesmead Riverside Walk runs alongside the Thames through Thamesmead West, Thamesmead Central and Thamesmead North and is part of both the Thames Path Southeast Extension and National Cycle Route 1. Thamesmead is also one of the starting points of the Green Chain Walk, which links to places such as Chislehurst and Crystal Palace. There is a combined swimming pool, fitness centre and library run by Greenwich Council and Greenwich Leisure Limited in Thamesmead Central (The Thamesmere Centre). Bexley Council run a library at Binsey Walk near Southmere Lake, and sailing and canoeing are run at Southmere Lake in Thamesmead South by Southmere Boating Centre (with Greenwich Yacht Club) and sailing only by the YMCA in association with Erith Yacht Club. Trust Thamesmead run an indoor climbing wall (The cave) near Southmere Lake. The Thamesview Golf Centre in Thamesmead North has a nine-hole course and driving range. Fishing at Birchmere Lake in Thamesmead West is organised by Thamesmead Town Angling Club. Fish include tench, bream, carp and pike. Cultural references Thamesmead estate was featured prominently in the film The Optimists of Nine Elms (1973) starring Peter Sellers. Thamesmead is seen as a new and better alternative through the eyes of two small children who live in older, dilapidated flats in Nine Elms, Battersea. The Tavy Bridge area of Thamesmead South, including Southmere Lake, was used as a setting for the Stanley Kubrick film A Clockwork Orange and also the play and Channel 4 gay coming-of-age film Beautiful Thing. The British TV drama Misfits was also filmed in Thamesmead. Many scenes take place around Southmere Lake, while Bexley College was once also used as a setting. The estate featured in The Libertines video What Became of the Likely Lads. The video of "Come to Daddy" by electronic musician Aphex Twin, directed by Chris Cunningham, was also shot in Thamesmead. The Firm (1989), starring Gary Oldman, was filmed in Thamesmead. The music video for New York rapper A$AP Rocky's and London rapper Skepta's song "Praise the Lord (Da Shine)" was partially filmed at the Thamesmead Estate, with the estate featuring prominently alongside shots of New York throughout the music video. The music video for American producer Skrillex and British producer Four Tet's song Butterflies was filmed on the Thamesmead Estate. == See also ==