This century corresponds to approximately 23
BH - 81
AH. • 602: Birth of Muhammad's third child and second daughter
Ruqayyah, wife of third caliph
Uthman. • 604: Birth of
Umm Kulthum, third daughter of Muhammad. She became wife of Uthman after the death of her sister Ruqayyah. • 605: 24 July – Birth of
Fatimah, the fourth daughter of
Muhammad. She was the wife of
Ali ibn Abu Talib and all of Muhammad's descendants are through her. • 605: Muhammad helps rebuild the
Ka'ba. • 605: Birth of
Hafsa, daughter of second caliph
Umar and one of the wives of Muhammad. • 610: 9 February – The first announced revelation of the
Qur'an in the cave at
Hira. He is given his first revelation from the
Angel Gabriel in the cave.
Khadija is the first to believe. • 613:
Invitation of the close families of Muhammad to Islam • 613: Declaration at
Mount Safa inviting the general public to Islam • 614: Birth of
Aisha, Daughter of first caliph
Abu Bakr and youngest wife of Muhammad. • 614: Persecution of the Muslims by the
Quraish. A party of Muslims
migrates to Abyssinia. • 615: Acceptance of Islam by
Hamza and
Umar • 616: Second migration to Abyssinia. • 617: Boycott of the
Hashemites and
Muhammad by the Quraish. • 619: April/May – Lifting of the boycott. Deaths of
Abu Talib and
Khadija,
Year of Sorrow. • 620: Visit to
Taif, as well as
Isra and Miraj. • 622: 9 September – 20 September –
Hijra—migration to Medina. First year of Islamic calendar. • 623: January –
Constitution of Medina. Establishment of the
first Islamic state. • 624:
Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the
Bani Qainuqa Jews from
Medina. The direction of prayer is converted from
Jerusalem to
Mecca. • 624: Death of
Ruqayyah daughter of Muhammad and wife of
Uthman. • 625:
Battle of Uhud. Expulsion of
Banu Nadir Jews from Medina. • 625: Birth of
Hasan ibn Ali, son of
Ali and
Fatimah and 2nd
Shia imams. • 626: Birth of
Husayn ibn Ali, son of
Ali and
Fatimah and 3rd
Shia imams. • 627:
Battle of the Trench. Invasion of
Banu Qurayza. • 628:
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
Battle of Khaybar. Muhammad sends letters to various heads of states. • 629: Muhammad pilgrimage to
Mecca.
Battle of Mu'ta. • 629: Death of
Zainab, eldest daughter of Muhammad and wife of
Abu al-As • 630: 11 January –
Conquest of Mecca.
Battle of Hunayn.
Battle of Autas.
Siege of Ta'if. • 630: Death of
Umm Kulthum daughter of Muhammad and wife of
Uthman. • 631:
Expedition to Tabouk,
Ghassanids. • 631: Death of Muhammad's son
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from
Maria al-Qibtiyya. • 631 or 632, tribe of
Thaqif adopts Islam. • 632: 6 March –
Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca. • 632: 8 June – Death of Muhammad. Death of
Fatimah, his daughter.
Abu Bakr is chosen as
caliph after a fight at Banu Saqifa among those who left the funeral of prophet .
Battles of Zu Qissa.
Battles of Zu Abraq.
Battle of Buzakha.
Battle of Zafar.
Battle of Naqra. Muslims defeat
Bani Tamim and
Mosailima. • 633: Muslims take
Bahrain,
Oman,
Yemen, and
Hadramaut. Raids in
Iraq.
Battle of Chains,
Battle of Saniyy,
Battle of Walaja,
Battle of Ullais,
Battle of Hira,
Battle of Al-Anbar,
Battle of Ayn al-Tamr,
Battle of Dawmat al-Jandal,
Battle of Firaz. • 634: 22 August – Death of
Abu Bakr, the first caliph of Islam.
Umar ibn al-Khattab assumes power as the second caliph. • 634:
Battle of Bosra,
Battle of Damascus,
Battle of Ajnadin. Death of Abu Bakr.
Battle of Namaraq,
Battle of Saqatia. • 635:
Battle of Bridge,
Battle of Buwaib, Conquest of
Damascus,
Battle of Fahl. • 636:
Battle of Yarmuk,
Battle of al-Qādisiyyah, Conquest of
Madain. Naval raid by Muslims on at
Tanah, near
Mumbai. • 637:
Conquest of Syria,
Conquest of Jerusalem,
Battle of Jalula. • 638: Conquest of
Jazirah. • 639: Conquest of
Khuzistan. Advance into
Egypt.
Plague of Emmaus. • 640:
Battle of Babylon in Egypt. • 641:
Conquest of Alexandria in Egypt. • 642:
Battle of Nihawand; Conquest of Egypt. • 643: Conquest of
Azarbaijan and
Tabaristan (
Mazandaran). • 644: • Conquest of
Fars,
Kerman,
Sistan,
Mekran and
Kharan. • 5 November –
Umar, the second caliph, is assassinated and buried in the house of
Aisha in
Medina.
Uthman ibn Affan becomes the caliph. • 646: Muslims take
Khurasan,
Armenia and
Asia Minor. • 647: Muslims take
North Africa. Conquest of the island of
Cyprus. • 648: Muslims battle against the
Byzantines. • 650: First conflict between Arabs and
Turks.
Khazars defeated an Arab force led by
Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah outside the Khazar town of
Balanjar. • 652: Disaffection against the rule of Uthman. • 655: Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines. • 656: • In the summer a band of tribesmen from Egypt comes to Medina and after unsuccessful negotiations they attack and kill
Uthman, the third Caliph.
Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the fourth caliph. • 10 December –
Battle of the Camel outside
Basra between forces loyal to Ali and dissidents. Decisive victory for Ali. • 657: • Ali shifts the capital from
Medina to
Kufa. •
Battle of Siffin in the late spring or early summer between Ali's and Muawiyah's forces. • 658: Ali scores a major victory against the
Kharijites at the
Battle of Nahrawan. • 659: Conquest of Egypt by
Muawiyah I. • 659/60: The Syrians pledge their allegiance to Muawiyah as caliph. • 660: Ali recaptures
Hijaz and
Yemen from Muawiyah.
Muawiyah I declares himself as the
caliph at
Damascus. • 661: • 29 January – Ali, fourth Caliph, is assassinated in Kufa, reportedly by
Kharijites. He is buried in
Najaf,
Iraq. • Muawiyah marches on Kufa and wins the acceptance of most of Ali's remaining supporters, marking the end of the
Fitna. • 662:
Kharijites' revolts. • 666:
Muawia bin Hudeij raids
Sicily.
Abdu'l-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr,
Muhammad ibn Maslamah and
Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan dies. • 669:
Hasan ibn Ali, the second
Imam of the
Shiites died.
Husayn ibn Ali becomes Imam of
Ali ibn Abi Talib's followers. founded in 670 by Uqba bin Nafe,
Kairouan,
Tunisia. • 670: Advance in North Africa.
Uqba bin Nafe founds the town of
Kairouan in
Tunisia. Conquest of
Kabul. • 672: Capture of the island of
Rhodes. Muslims invade
Khurasan. • 674: The Muslims cross the
Oxus.
Bukhara becomes a vassal state. • 676:
Muhammad al-Baqir, the fifth
imam of the
Shiites is born. • 677: Occupation of
Samarkand and
Tirmiz. Siege of
Constantinople. • 680: 28 April – Death of Muawiyah.
Yazid I becomes
caliph. • 680: 10 October –
Battle of Karbala and
Husayn bin Ali is killed along with his companions.
Ali ibn Husayn becomes
Imam of
Ali ibn Abi Talib's followers. • 682: North Africa
Uqba bin Nafe marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate
Kairouan and withdraw to
Burqa. • 683: 11 November – Death of
Yazid I.
Muawiya II becomes caliph. • 684: June –
Muawiya II abdicated. built between 685 and 692 by Umayyad caliph
Abd al-Malik,
Jerusalem,
Palestine. • 684:
Abd Allah ibn Zubayr declares himself as the caliph at
Mecca.
Marwan I becomes the caliph at
Damascus.
Battle of Marj Rahit. • 685: Death of Marwan I.
Abd al-Malik becomes the caliph at Damascus.
Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda. • 686:
Al-Mukhtar declares himself as the caliph at
Kufa. • 687:
Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and
Abd Allah ibn Zubayr. Mukhtar killed. • 691:
Battle of Maskin. Kufa falls to
Abd al-Malik. • 692: October – The fall of Mecca. Death of ibn Zubayr. Abdul Malik becomes the sole caliph. • 695:
Kharijites' revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz.
Battle of the Karun. Muslims wage war against
Kahina in
North Africa. The Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. They advance in
Transoxiana and occupy
Kish. • 700: Muslims proselytised the pagan
Berbers in
North Africa and convert most of them to Islam in a short period of time. By the end of this century, the global Muslim population had grown to 1 percent of the total. ==See also==