Tradwife

The term tradwife is a portmanteau of the words traditional and wife. The term emerged within the early 2020s to describe creators like Nara Smith and Hannah Neeleman (of Ballerina Farm). Though the idea of a traditional wife has been continually present through history, it became a distinct movement or subculture, including but not only on social media, during the 2020s. It was partially born out of the number of women that felt unseen by the fourth wave of feminism that mainly centers awareness for sexual assault, however has been interpreted to mainly apply to women in the workplace. ==History==

As a hashtag and aesthetic, #tradwife has gained a lot of traction on social media, particularly TikTok. Many creators have gone viral for videos performing domestic labor such as cooking, cleaning, and caring for children. The videos often involve an aesthetic that is purported to be reminiscent of a housewife during the 1950s or the Victorian era. A large number of people felt seen by the increased content of "tradwives" on social media and began to identify with the rejection of working. One of the pioneers of the idea of "tradwife", Alena Kate Pettitt, wrote two books on the subject of being a woman in the home and not in the workforce. She rose to fame during a 2020 interview with BBC News where she expressed her desire to serve her husband. However, as Pettitt watched the "tradwife" aesthetic grow, she stated that it had "become its own monster". == Aesthetics ==

refrigerator advertisement from ''The Ladies' Home Journal'' represents the lifestyle idealized by many tradwives.The tradwife subculture is based on advocating for traditional values, and, in particular, a 'traditional' view of wives as mothers and homemakers. Tradwives are diverse demographically, and may have a variety of cultural inspirations. Influences on the trend range from 1950s-era American culture, Christian religious values, conservative politics, choice feminism, and neopaganism. Influencer marketing strategies, the showcasing of private lives, and contemporary social media use promote the commercialisation of traditional heteronormativity and gendered relationships. According to algorithmic research conducted by Media Matters, the tradwife audience is likely also viewing conspiracy theory videos, as recommendations for conspiracy videos increase concordant with tradwife viewership. The rising success of contemporary tradwives is driven by clever and active use of social media and persistent positioning as online influencers. Videos with titles like "a day in my life" showcasing activities such as cooking from scratch, cleaning, caring for children, packing the lunches of their working husbands, advocating for gender roles wherein the man holds social and political power, and women, for the most part, are confined to the home as a wife and mother. Critique Social media influencers promoting a tradwife lifestyle have been scrutinized for alleged superficiality, including by former tradwife influencers. A controversy occurred in the tradwife community in February 2025, when the influencer "Patriarchy Hannah", who was popular in the community, "apologized [...] for misleading followers into thinking the account owner was an ultraconservative married mother of 14." History professor Marissa C. Rhodes wrote that many tradwife social media influencers promote incorrect beliefs about how women lived during the 19th and early 20th century. == Practices ==

Key to the tradwife identity is being a stay-at-home wife or a stay-at-home mother and the various activities involved in managing the household, such as cooking, cleaning, managing laundry, and tending to vegetables. Some self-identified tradwives choose to take a homemaking role within their marriage, == Finances ==

Some women who identify as tradwives prefer a division of labor wherein their husband manages family finances more broadly while they focus on managing food and household consumables. However, many of the tradwife internet celebrities earn an income outside the home, in addition to running their influencer businesses on social media. For example, Hannah Neeleman runs food-related businesses with her husband, and Nara Smith is a professional model. == Backlash to women in the workforce ==

Perhaps an equal and opposite identity to the tradwife is the girlboss. Originally popularized by the Tumblr and Instagram subcultures in the late 2010s, the term "girlboss" was initially used to empower women in leadership and entrepreneurship, aligning with broader feminist ideals. However, over time, the term evolved into a symbol for specifically White feminism that often focuses on individual success without challenging the underlying structures of power, such as the capitalist heteropatriarchy. It tends to prioritize acquiring wealth and social status for oneself, potentially undermining collective feminist goals aimed at systemic change. In response, tradwives emerged partially as a counterculture movement to the girlboss phenomenon, advocating for women who choose traditional roles such as homemaking and motherhood, often emphasizing values like family, stability, and community, and expressing a desire to reject the individualistic and entrepreneurial ideals associated with the girlboss movement. People who choose to stay at home rather than participate in the workforce make a significant contribution to society's functioning, often without receiving compensation for this labor. Domestic labor includes cleaning, cooking, laundry, childcare, household maintenance, and significant emotion work. The performances often seen on social media of tradwives rarely display the amount of tedious and difficult labor that goes into being a stay-at-home parent or homemaker. The nature of social media creates an environment where the content circulated is an idealized and carefully curated image that does not portray the effort and labor that go into the work being done, as well as the work of creating content itself. Tradwife ideals hold that wives should be financially dependent on their husbands. There is a certain element of deception to this claim because high-profile tradwives may generate financial gain through creating social media content. Furthermore, historically and currently, the tradwife ideal is often associated with a certain level of wealth. The amount of wealth required to support a family, particularly to the aesthetic standards that traditional homemakers display, is substantial. However, many of the tradwives that portray life as a homemaker generate wealth that they frequently do not talk about. espouses wanting a different lifestyle from the aforementioned "girlboss", similarly to the other tradwives. However, Neeleman is co-CEO of her and her husband's company, Ballerina Farm. Their work, as well as that of other influencers, involves real labor in creating videos and marketing themselves; however, they perpetuate a narrative that discredits and hides their influencer careers. Furthermore, these influencers, who have their own sources of income, cannot be compared to the homemakers of the 1950s, who were unable to acquire their own money or even have a credit card in their own name. It perpetuates misinformation about the tradwife lifestyle as well as discrediting the work they do. == Demographics ==

Racial balance A 2025 study sampled 61 tradwife influencers on TikTok, finding that approximately half of them were white, while the other half were not. Refinery29 reported that a growing number of Black women are embracing so-called traditional marriage, not explicitly using the "tradwife" neologism, but instead framing their identity within a "submissive" or "biblical" marriage. These Black women argue that traditional marriage is the "key to liberation from being overworked, economic insecurity, and the stress of trying to survive in a world hostile to our survival and existence". This perspective has been criticized as lacking awareness of broader structural and social issues in American capitalism. She found that some women in the movement espoused tenets of the American far right, including White supremacy, antisemitism, populism, and ultraconservatism. One 2025 study found a diversity of ideological beliefs among TikTok tradwife influencers, with the exception that anti-feminism was common across the group. Political socialization plays a significant role in shaping the views of young women, often encouraging them to adopt ideologies that are presented to them. With this, however, the political movement of conservatism is prone to evolve through new generations and cultural shifts. Undeniably, many women do and have held conservative ideologies, but in recent times, under the renewed prominence of figures such as president Donald Trump, these ideologies have been normalized, ranging from media trends, including the “Traditional-Wife” lifestyle, to Project 2025’s ideal “Nuclear Family.” Published in 2024, Trump’s Project 2025 outlines a default structure for American life. This structure includes the push for women’s sole role as mothers. With the government outlining what is said to be an ideal family, through the media, some women have responded by embracing this culture. As outlined in an article published by The New Yorker, self-proclaimed “Advocate for Women,” Alena Kate Pettitt has contributed to this by discussing her ambitions to serve her husband and claiming that women like her would have thrived in the 1950s, a time when she states that “everyone wouldn’t be asking me [Pettitt] when I’m going back to work”. To Pettitt, the 1950’s isn’t about the suppression of women and gender inequalities, but rather a chosen, more peaceful lifestyle. Not mentioned in this article, other influencers, such as Nara Smith and Hannah Neeleman, have unintentionally drawn attention to the “tradwife” 1950s domestic lifestyle by romanticizing submission to their husbands, focusing on beauty trends, home cooking from scratch, and solely providing for their families in a housewife way. Their revivals of historically gendered roles are rebranded for social media, portrayed as a trend. Alt and far right It has been argued from a Black feminist perspective that the tradwife inherently promotes alt- and far-right ideals through the promotion of traditional values that are closely connected to ideals of White supremacy. Though many of the tradwife influencers do not directly address politics or outright endorse any politicians, they have contributed towards an alt- and far-right shift by virtue of being "apolitical". Many of the tradwife far-right influencers are either not openly discussing politics or state that once they get married and start their family, they will stop speaking about politics. Though this is seemingly apolitical it functions as a tactic to perpetuate the right's ideologies of traditionalist conservatism, White supremacy, and misogyny. tradwives drive their viewers' likelihood of purchasing advertised product and assuming their lifestyle. As stated by British journalist Hadley Freeman, "It is especially popular among White supremacists, who are extremely down with the message that White women should submit to their husband and focus on making as many White babies as possible". Relationship with feminism The tradwife philosophy has a complicated relationship with feminism, being at times criticized and supported by feminists. Some who follow the tradwife aesthetic suggest that it is a form of anti-feminism, advocating for a return to "simpler" times and traditional family systems. Critics often argue that tradwives embody toxic femininity and internalized sexism. == See also ==