MarketBerliner FC Dynamo supporters
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Berliner FC Dynamo supporters

The Berliner FC Dynamo supporters are the fan community of the German football club Berliner FC Dynamo based in Berlin, Germany. The community's history dates back to the club's rise in East German football in the 1970s. The supporter scene has evolved significantly from its early days in the former East to a contemporary fan base with organised events and activities.

Supporters
East German era BFC Dynamo played only a minor role in football in Berlin until the relocation of FC Vorwärts Berlin to Frankfurt an der Oder in 1971. The club initially had modest support, but with its growing successes in the 1970s, the club began to attract young fans, primarily from the central areas around the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark, such as Prenzlauer Berg and Mitte. Many came from working class families in Prenzlauer Berg. One of the first big supporter groups of BFC Dynamo was Black Eagle. The fan club was founded in 1972 and was one of the earliest fan clubs in East German football. Fans of BFC Dynamo were the first to sew their embroidered fan club badges on their jackets. This was a novelty among football supporters in East Germany in the 1970s. The supporter scene became a focal point for various subcultures in the late 1970s and beginning of the 1980s. There were punks, rockers, hippies and a few early skinheads. Some were left-leaning and others were right-leaning. Young people were gradually attracted by the provocative image of the club: its successes, its reputation as a Stasi club and the hatred of opposing fans. One fan recalled that the 1980s "were my greatest years, as we always had glorious success in provoking other fans" and another one that "we were really hated by everyone". And at away matches in Saxony, they could also throw tropical fruits, which were only available in East Berlin, at home fans. The supporter scene of BFC Dynamo was rather full of irony and disgust for Erich Mielke. Some supporters would even cut out the "D" for SV Dynamo from their club patches. They considered the "BFC" to be free from the Stasi, while they thought the "D" symbolized the exact opposite. BFC Dynamo came to be associated with areas such as Prenzlauer Berg, Pankow, Weißensee, Hohenschönhausen, and certain cafés and restaurants in vicinity of Alexanderplatz. The West had a great influence on the supporter scene of BFC Dynamo. The supporter scene of BFC Dynamo in the 1980s included groups such as Black Eagle, Berliner Wölfe, Die Ratten, Black Panther, Iron Fist, Norbert Trieloff, Bobbys, Pirayas, Analen Jungs, Beatles BFC Club, The Little Preussen, Heavy Horses and Madness boys of Preussen. The supporter scene was universally acclaimed as creative and the supporters of BFC Dynamo were considered as one of the funnier crowds. Football supporters in East Berlin shared a sense of superiority over their counterparts in the regional districts. The supporter scene of BFC Dynamo was still young at the time, while clubs such Union Berlin and BSG Chemie Leipzig had large followings. Supporters of BFC Dynamo would respond to the hostile environment and learn to compensate their smaller numbers by being better organized and more aggressive. One fan of BFC Dynamo recalled: "It was really rumbling at away trips, and only then you felt your own strength. When we went with 200 people against 1,000 Unioners and you noticed: If you stick together, you have an incredible amount of violence." The book "Riot Boys!" by Jochen Schramm depicts the supporter scene of BFC Dynamo and contains stories of violent away trips in East Germany in the early 1980s. Jochen "Ellis" Schramm was a member of the hooligan scene of BFC Dynamo in the 1980s. Supporters of BFC Dynamo would eventually gain a reputation for being particularly organized and violent. One fan of BFC Dynamo said: "This feeling of being hated is what makes it so appealing." A saying among the supporters of BFC Dynamo was: "We are few, but we are awesome!" () The development in the supporter scene of BFC Dynamo eventually caught the attention of the authorities. The Stasi conducted a study on the violent structures of the supporter scene at the beginning of the 1980s. It found that 80 per cent of those committing violent acts were 16–25 years old. Most of them were workers or students. One fan of BFC Dynamo said that from his environment in 1978–79, there was hardly anyone who had not gone to prison. A number of supporters of BFC Dynamo were also sentenced under the dreaded Paragraph 50/51 of the East German Penal Code. Paragraph 50/51 meant residence restriction (). A supporter sentenced to residence restriction would be assigned a new place of residence in another part of East Germany and prohibited from returning to Berlin. All football fan clubs in East Germany had to undergo registration. Registered fan clubs, on the other hand, were those that were willing to cooperate with the authorities. The figures for the 1986–87 season were 17 unauthoritzed fan clubs and 15 registered fan clubs. This means that 15 out of 32 fan clubs (47 per cent of all fan clubs) at BFC Dynamo were registered in the 1986–87 season. As a comparison, 61 out of 70 fan clubs (87 per cent of all fan clubs) at Union Berlin were registered in the 1986–87 season. East German state television would always try to hide riots from viewers, but the sound recording from football matches posed the biggest challenge. An additional sound system was eventually integrated into the stadium of BFC Dynamo for radio and television broadcasts. The system was also supposed to drown out shouts and chanting from the violent structures, so that television viewers and radio listeners would not hear anything. More and more supporters of BFC Dynamo started to embrace the skinhead fashion in the early 1980s. One fan of BFC Dyamo said: "How could one provoke more in a socialist system than with right-wing slogans?" For young people, being a Nazi was sometimes considered the sharpest form of opposition. However, instances of Nazi provocations did not necessarily reflect genuine political convictions. At least some part of the "drift to the right" among East German youth during the 1980s was rooted in a desire to position oneself wherever the state was not. One fan of BFC Dynamo said: "The scene wasn't right-wing, we did describe ourselves as right-wing, but that was more of a pure provocation, none of us really knew anything about politics. But to raise your arm in front of the cops was a real kick, for some Vopos's, their whole world collapsed". At the end of the 1980s, an organized hooligan scene with groups, structures and training rooms, that was unique in East Germany, would eventually emerge at BFC Dynamo. The final of the 1987-88 FDGB-Pokal between BFC Dynamo and Carl Zeiss Jena on 4 June 1988 saw some of the most serious violence ever witnessed at an East German football match. Riots broke out in one of the blocks shortly before the end of the match. Supporters destroyed fences and threw seats at match stewards. About 300 supporters of BFC Dynamo attempted to invade the pitch during the victory ceremony. German criminalist Dr. Bernt Wagner, who was a criminal police officer in East Germany, writes about the cup final that "the Stasi head Erich Mielke was greeted with SA songs and Nazi riots" when he visited the cup final in 1988, and that "his Stasi troop was attacked". BFC Dynamo played AS Monaco away in the 1989–90 European Cup Winners' Cup On 17 October 1989. Television viewers in East Germany and BFC Dynamo officials alike were astonished to see that there were BFC Dynamo supporters in the stands of the Stade Louis II, who loudly supported the team, even though East German fans had not been allowed to travel to Western countries for years. It turned out that the BFC Dynamo fan club Analen Jungs had apparently re-formed in the West by supporters who had been deported to the West by the Stasi before 1989 and supporters who had recently fled to the West. Three days later, on 1 November 1989, BFC Dynamo played the return leg against AS Monaco at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark. Supporters of BFC Dynamo fired flares at the tartan track and vandalized large parts of a stadium block, causing extensive damage. German reunification A wave of violence swept through the football stadiums of East Germany in 1990. The Volkspolizei was overwhelmed by the amount of disorder and often reluctant to use enough force, due to the political situation. Masked supporters of FC Berlin rioted in central Jena before the away match against FC Carl Zeiss Jena in the 1989-90 DDR-Oberliga on 8 April 1990. They broke shop windows, smashed windscreens of police vehicles with stones and left a trail of destruction in the city center. Supporters of FC Berlin also fired flares at police officers during the match. The disorder at the stadium would not cease and the match was eventually interrupted. Supporters who had left East Germany for various reasons in recent years rejoined the hooligan scene after the opening of the Berlin Wall. The skinhead outfit was exchanged after the Peaceful Revolution. One supporter of BFC Dynamo said: "There were good reasons for this ... Every idiot was running around dressed in a bomber jacket and shouting 'Sieg Heil'". Supporters who returned from West Germany brought back a new fashion based on designer clothing labels and expensive sportswear, which was adopted by the supporter scene. Riots broke out after match. About 250 hooligans threw gravel and other objects at the police. At least 14 police officers were injured in the clashes. Serious riots then continued in the city, involving hundreds of supporters. Street battles broke out in areas of East Berlin, even spreading to Kreuzberg in West Berlin. One supporter of FC Berlin said: "In 1990, thanks to the many departures to the West, it became clear relatively quickly that there was no flowerpot to be won with the current team. We then turned our attention to other things." Hooligans in East Germany unleashed almost unbridled violence against the representatives of the disintegrating East German state. The situation peaked during a match between FC Sachsen Leipzig and FC Berlin on 3 November 1990. A first group of around 100 supporters of FC Berlin entered the Georg-Schwarz-Sportpark in time for kick-off. The group was blocked from entering the stadium by police equipped with helmets and shields, despite showing valid tickets. Cobblestones were thrown at the police waiting at the Pettenkofer Straße. Several others were injured and at least another three people were seriously injured. However, this was rebuffed by a youth deacon and social worker, who had accompanied the supporters and who witnessed the course of events. A group of supporters stopped a tram, kicked the driver out and maneuvered it down town. The ground floor of a department store on Brühl was destroyed. The demonstration received support from politicians such as Lena Schraut from the Alternative List and from left-wing activists, notably from the occupied houses near Senefelderplatz at the Schönhauser Allee. Stadium attendance collapsed in 1990. Many supporters of BFC Dynamo stopped attending matches after the Peaceful revolution, as the best players were sold off to clubs in West Germany, sports performance slumped, tickets prices rose, mass unemployment spread and hooligans had come to dominate the stands. Some shifted their focus to ice hockey instead. The average league attendance of the 1990–91 NOFV-Oberliga was by far the lowest in the league history. Ordinary supporters had disappeared. Only young supporters remained in the stadium at FC Berlin in 1990 and 1991. The police did not manage to control the situation despite a record strong presence of more than 600 officers. Riots broke out in central Rostock, where supporters smashed shops, demolished cars and attacked people. 21 people were injured in the clashes, including nine police officers. The damages amounted to around 750,000 Deutsche Marks. The report contains an interview with self-confessed hooligan Jens-Uwe Vogt. Up to 100 hooligans of FC Berlin then also attacked an asylum shelter that was located right next to the stadium in Greifswald. SV Hafen Rostock 61 subsequently postponed its upcoming league match at home against FC Berlin for security reasons. More than 400 hooligans of FC Berlin attended the away match against 1. FC Dynamo Dresden on 16 March 1996. Hooligans of FC Berlin rioted in central Dresden before the match. They broke shop windows and looted shops. It took a major police operation with 580 officers to get the riots under control. 101 people were taken into preventive custody for various offenses. Hooligans of FC Berlin were also involved in fights with squatters and other left-wing groups in the 1990s. A number of people allegedly associated with the hooligan scene of FC Berlin attacked formerly occupied houses and a meeting point for left-wing football supporters at Brunnenstraße 6 and 7 in Mitte on the night of 6 September 1997. A punk concert was held on the premises at the time. Four people had to be hospitalized with injuries. In the years after German reunification, the club's eternal outsider image attracted people from the underground. The hooligan scene of FC Berlin had developed close contacts with the eastern Berlin bouncer scene by the mid-1990s. The eastern Berlin bouncer scene would eventually be almost completely organized from the hooligan scene of BFC Dynamo. One of those involved in the assault on French policeman Daniel Nivel during the 1998 FIFA World Cup had connections to the hooligan scene of FC Berlin. 400 supporters of BFC Dynamo invaded the pitch after the final whistle to celebrate the title. Some supporters also attacked players of Berlin Türkspor 1965. Two players of Berlin Türkspor 1965 were injured, one of them had suffered a stab wound. BFC Dynamo Club President Volkmar Wanski was able to prevent a total escalation by giving a calming speech over the stadium microphone. He immediately apologized for the behavior of the supporters at the press conference after the match. BFC Dynamo and Berlin Türkspor 1965 agreed to meet in a friendly match later in the season and to organize a joint meal for players and responsible. Wanski made it clear in the speakers ahead of the last home match against FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt in the 1998-99 Regionalliga Nordost on 15 May 1999 that "anyone who cannot behave has no business in our stadium". The hooligan scene of BFC Dynamo was still considered one of the toughest in Germany in the early 2000s. The hooligan scene was made up of around 300 people in 2001. Around 500 supporters of BFC Dynamo then attacked police at Eberswalder Straße. Karin Halsch simultaneously expressed sadness that the riots destroyed a lot of reconstruction work in the club and announced that there would be many stadium bans. Also coach Jürgen Bogs spoke out about "senseless violence" that would once again fall back on the club, but also criticized the police for provocations. Violence broke out during the match between Tennis Borussia Berlin and BFC Dynamo in the 2004-05 NOFV-Oberliga Nord at the Mommsenstadion on 11 February 2005. A flare was lit and a couple of bangers set off in the guest block at the beginning of the second half. Police then decided to intervene against away supporters. Police officers were pelted with beer cups and attacked by supporters of BFC Dynamo when they entered gest block. Eight police officers were injured and 11 supporters of BFC Dynamo arrested. BFC Dynamo criticized the police operation as "disproportionate". Supporters of BFC Dynamo claimed that they had been called "Nazis", "Ossis" and "Unioners" by police officers. Riots had broken out also when Tennis Borussia Berlin played 1. FC Union Berlin in round of 16 of the 2004-05 Berlin Cup at the Mommsenstadion a couple of weeks before. Riots again broke out in connection to a match between BFC Dynamo and SV Yeşilyurt at the opening of the 2005-06 NOFV-Oberliga Nord at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark on 5 August 2005. The match was attended by 1,200 supporters of BFC Dynamo. Hooligans in the crowd threw bottles and stones at police officers during the match. Fights between hooligans and police then broke out after match. Around 150 hooligans had participated in the riots, according to police information. BFC Dynamo spokesperson Yiannis Kaufmann claimed that those involved were a "mob of travelling fans who wants to cause trouble everywhere and now discredit the BFC". Police made a controversial raid against the discothèque Jeton in Friedrichshain where supporters of BFC Dynamo and other people had gathered to celebrate in connection to a fan tournament in memory of Mike Polley on the night of 20 August 2005. The fan tournament had been visited by 45 teams, including supporters from FC St. Pauli, 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig, Aberdeen F.C., VfL Bochum and Malmö FF. The large-scale police operation involved 300 officers, including 100 members of the SEK. 158 persons were arrested. Among the detainees were 19 Category C-supporters and 22 Category B-supporters. 39 people at the discothèque were injured. Police stated that the raid was a preventative measure on short notice to prevent hooligans from organizing for the upcoming match against Union Berlin on 21 August 2005. The return match between BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin in the 2005–06 NOFV-Oberliga Nord was played at the Stadion im Sportforum on 13 May 2006. The standing was 1–1 when supporters of BFC Dynamo invaded the pitch in an attempt to storm the block of Union Berlin around the 75th minute. Supporters of Union Berlin fled in panic. The match was abandoned and Union Berlin was awarded a 2–0 win. The players of BFC Dynamo wore the motto "No power of violence" on their shirts in the following match against BFC Preussen away on 17 May 2006. The Stadion im Sportforum was temporarily closed for matches in the NOFV-Oberliga Nord after the riots. The riots during the match against 1. FC Union Berlin threw the club into a financial crisis. Treasurer Sven Radicke concluded: "Four years of our work were ruined in five minutes". More than 500 police officers were deployed to the match. Tennis Borussia Berlin eventually took control of the match. Someone in the guest block threw a banger on the pitch. A second banger was then thrown on the pitch and the police suddenly decided to violently storm the guest block with tear gas and truncheons. The Chairman of the Economic Council of BFC Dynamo Peter Meyer tried to mediate, but was sparayed with tear gas as well. He then also hit the other supporter that was standing next to him. BFC Dynamo has often attracted hooligans from outside, and hooligans who are otherwise not involved in the supporter scene, to high-profile matches. The club has repeatedly complained about so-called "riot tourists". Riots broke out after the match against Berliner AK 07 in the final of the 2009–10 Berlin Cup at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark on 2 June 2010. Around 100–150 supporters of BFC Dynamo stormed the pitch after the final whistle. Major riots then occurred after the match against 1. FC Kaiserslautern in the first round of the 2011-12 DFB-Pokal at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark on 3 July 2011. Around 200–300 supporters of BFC Dynamo invaded the buffer zone and stormed the guest block after the match. An important supporter group among the older supporters is the supporter group 79er. Supporters threw parties and organized collections, made donations and travelled to countries such as Austria and Switzerland to convince creditors to accept smaller pay-offs in order to save the cub. The insolvency crisis remains a defining moment for older supporters. The first edition of the fan tournament was arranged in the Sportforum Hohenschönhausen in 2003 and comprised 28 teams. A march in memory of Mike Polley in Leipzig in 2018 was attended by 850 supporters of BFC Dynamo. New groups of younger ultra-oriented supporters have emerged since the 2000s. The club has encouraged the new groups of younger supporters and club management has taken a stand against racism and right-wing extremism. In an interview in a revised and expanded edition of the book "Stadionpartisanen - Fans und Hooligans in der DDR", about football supporters and hooligans in the East German era, by Frank Willmann (de), BFC Dynamo supporter representative Rainer Lüdkte, who became an active supporter in the 1970s, commented on the supporter scene in the 1980s, saying that he was never right-wing, that he hated those who raised their arms and that he sees himself more to the left. He said that the riots that occurred in the late 1980s were "no longer his thing", and that he believes that what happened at the time of the German reunification was catastrophic. Lüdtke, who himself did not take part in the FC Berlin era, said that: "Maybe we, 'normal' fans, who ... had nothing to do with Nazi shit, should have intervened back then." Lüdtke also said that he believes that for the club to have a chance, "everyone involved needs to be ready for change." BFC Dynamo engages in active fan work and has taken measures to control violent elements, to exclude known violators and to distance itself from radical supporters. Lawyer, supporter and former club vice-president René Lau said in an interview with Deutsche Welle in 2019: "If you had asked me 25 years ago [if BFC had a problem with Nazis], I would have said yes. But is today's BFC Dynamo a Nazi club? I would vehemently dispute that." The organization supports young fans in various aspects of life and aims at promoting a positive supporter culture. Gegengerade is a left wing-oriented supporter group. Supporters of BFC Dynamo have displayed a Norwegian flag with the text "Thanks Norway", in memory of Norway's 2–0 win over Nazi Germany in the quarter-finals of the 1936 Summer Olympics. Another banner that has occasionally been displayed at the stadium contains the text "There Is A Light That Never Goes Out", with reference to the 1980s British cult band The Smiths. The supporters of BFC Dynamo have maintained friendly relations with the supporters of the Polish side Pogoń Szczecin since 2009. The friendship was made official in 2026. Supportergroup Fraktion H maintains a friendship with the supporters of Eintracht Trier, while members of the now dissolved Ultras BFC have had contacts with the ultras of Swedish football club GAIS. BFC Dynamo had 100 Category C and 190 Category-B supporters in 2019. Younger hooligans of BFC Dynamo have contacts with supporter group Kaliber 030 at Hertha. 20–25 supporters of BFC Dynamo joined Hertha in the guest block of the Stadion an der Alten Försterei during the derby between Union Berlin and Hertha on 2 November 2019. Older hooligans of BFC Dynamo, on the other hand, maintain friendly relationships with like-minded supporters of 1. FC Magdeburg. Around 1,300 supporters of BFC Dynamo was eventually admitted to the Marschweg-Stadion, where they marked their presence with a banner, a scarf choreography and flares. Ultras BFC announced its dissolution on 23 January 2023, after the group had lost essential material in an attack. An individual in the group was attacked by a group of people in front of his private residence and robbed of essential group material. The group apologized to the supporter scene of BFC Dynamo and consequently dissolved, but at the same time announced that this was not the end. The attack has been traced to Cottbus. A new supporter group named Banda Invicta eventually appeared with a banner on the first matchday of the 2023-24 Regionalliga Nordost on 29 July 2023. The banner read "On to a new chapter". The BFC Dynamo supporter scene traditionally organizes an annual fan tournament in the Sportforum Hohenschönhausen. The ninth edition in 2024 was won by a multicultural team with players from Syria, Palestine, Asia and Germany, who had been invited to the tournament by the supporter scene. One of the most well-known books in Germany about the supporter scene of BFC Dynamo is "Der BFC war schuld am Mauerbau" by German author and BFC Dynamo fan Andreas Gläser (de). The book was first published in 2002 and describes the supporter scene from the late 1970s and forward. Gläser grew up in Prenzlauer Berg and became a supporter of BFC Dynamo in the 1970s. The book "Stadionpartisanen - Fans und Hooligans in der DDR", by authors Anne Hahn and Frank Willmann, first published in 2007, also contains extensive interviews with BFC Dynamo supporters from the late 1970s and forward. In an interview with football magazine 11 Freunde about the play, Friedrich stated that he doesn't want to have anything to do with Nazis. Gläser, clarified that they both come from the ”alternative spectrum”. The fanzine "Zugriff" is dedicated to BFC Dynamo. The fanzine has been produced by Andreas Gläser and members of supporter group Gegengerade since 2008. The tenth and latest issue was published in 2014. The tenth issue came with as music CD mixed by Andreas Gläser. The CD included numerous ska and punk tracks as well as a 25 seconds long recording of Erich Mielke ranting about skinheads and punks. The owner of the store, Sven Friedrich, has a background in the supporter scene of BFC Dynamo in the East German era. After more than 30 years, Hoolywood closed its store in Prenzlauer Berg in 2025, but continues its business online. German rap musician Joe Rilla has also dedicated a song to BFC Dynamo. The song is called "Heb die Faust Hoch (BFC Dynamo Straßenhymne)" and was released in 2008. Joe Rilla, whose real name is Hagen Stoll (de), comes from the locality of Marzahn and has a background in the 1990s hooligan scene of BFC Dynamo. ==Rivalries==
Rivalries
SG Dynamo Dresden The oldest rival of BFC Dynamo is SG Dynamo Dresden. The rivalry dates back to 1954 when the team of Dynamo Dresden and its place in the DDR-Oberliga was transferred to sports club SC Dynamo Berlin during the course of the 1954-55 season. The relocation aroused a sense of victimhood among the fans of Dynamo Dresden which would later be compounded by the successes of BFC Dynamo. Matters were exacerbated when additional players of Dynamo Dresden were delegated to Dynamo Berlin by the German Football Association of the GDR (DFV) following the relegation of Dynamo Dresden after the 1962–63 season, such as Bernd Hofmann. The antagonism between the two clubs was underpinned by a historical German rivalry between Prussian Berlin and Saxony. It was fueled by contemporary resentment in Dresden at the better provision of housing and consumer goods in the East German capital. The club could now draw on the best players in Bezirk Dresden. Dynamo Dresden thus secured the first Double in the history of East German football. However, BFC Dynamo did not go completely empty-handed from the final. The team qualified for its first UEFA competition as runner-up. Its participation in the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup would be a success. (left) and Reinhard Häfner of Dynamo Dresden (right) during a match between BFC Dynamo and Dynamo Dresden in the DDR-Oberliga in 1976. BFC Dynamo met Dynamo Dresden away on the sixth matchday of the 1974-75 DDR-Oberliga on 21 September 1974. The standing was 2–2 at the end of the match, after an equalizer from Norbert Johannsen on a penalty. Shortly before the final whistle, referee Robert Pischke from Rostock awarded Dynamo Dresden a controversial penalty. Siegmar Wätzlich converted the penalty and Dynamo Dresden won the match 3–2. The East German football weekly Die neue Fußballwoche commented: "Shortly before the end, the same thing on the other side, but this one surprised even the objective Dresdeners about it. They hadn't seen any opposing influence on the falling Richter... The Berliners exploded in outrage at the penalty kick, which snatched a point from them in the last minute." BFC Dynamo had risen to become a top team in the DDR-Oberliga by the mid-1970s. But East German football would be dominated by Dynamo Dresden throughout the 1970s. Dynamo Dresden captured a third consecutive league title in the 1977–78 DDR-Oberliga. What happened after is subject to various rumors. Formal title celebrations took place in June 1978 at the hotel and restaurant Bastein at Prager Straße in Dresden. Erich Mielke paid a visit as the president of SV Dynamo to congratulate the team to the title. Dynamo Dresden player Reinhard Häfner recalls how Mielke held a speech where he said that he would be happier if BFC Dynamo was champions. Mielke should have added that "since BFC Dynamo is also SV Dynamo, the title stays in the family, so to speak, and that is good too". According to other versions of the same event, he allegedly proclaimed that everything will be done so that in the coming year, the champion will come from Berlin, and that it was now the turn of the BFC Dynamo. and defending Matthias Döschner of Dynamo Dresden during a match between Dynamo Dresden and BFC Dynamo in 1987. BFC Dynamo stood out among other clubs within SV Dynamo. The club was located at the frontline of the Cold War. It was also a representative of the capital of East Germany. This meant that the club had to be well equipped. BFC Dynamo benefited from a nationwide scouting system, supported by 33 training centers () (TZ) of SV Dynamo across East Germany. No less than 40 full-time trainers worked for the club. The team eventually embarked on a period of unparalleled success in the 1978–79 season under young coach Jürgen Bogs. Dynamo Dresden had been the dominant team in East German football until then. BFC Dynamo would now be its main obstacle to success. BFC Dynamo opened the 1978-79 DDR-Oberliga with ten consecutive wins. The team thus broke the previous record of Dynamo Dresden of seven consecutive wins from the 1972-73 DDR-Oberliga. Dynamo Dresden, on the other hand, had a moderately successful start to the season and stood in second place. The two teams met in the 11th matchday in front of 33,000 spectators at Dynamo-Stadion in Dresden on 2 December 1978. The match ended in a draw 1–1 after an equalizer by Hans-Jürgen Riediger for BFC Dynamo in the 68th minute. The match was marked by crowd trouble, with 38 fans to both teams arrested. Inexperienced linesman Günter Supp had missed a clear offside position on Riediger in the situation leading up to the equalizer and allowed to goal to stand. There were accusations in Dresden that the match had been manipulated by the referees in favor of BFC Dynamo. This alleged manipulation was cited as yet another example of discrimination against the Saxon city in comparison with East Berlin. The 1979-80 DDR-Oberliga would be tight race between the two rivals. Dynamo Dresden led the league for most of the season. Dynamo Dresden was still in first place before the last matchday. However, BFC Dynamo was only one point behind. The two rivals met at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark in the last matchday of the league season on 10 May 1980. Dynamo Dresden only needed a draw to win the league title. There was huge excitement around the match and the stadium was sold out. Die neue Fußballwoche reported on "international match atmosphere". The standing was 0-0 for a long time. Dynamo Dresden player Peter Kotte fell in the BFC Dynamo penalty area with about 15 minutes left of regular time, but Dynamo Dresden was denied a penalty. Norbert Trieloff instead scored a goal for BFC Dynamo just a moment later. BFC Dynamo eventually won the match 1-0 and captured its second consecutive league title in front of 30,000 spectators. Dynamo Dresden would not come this close to BFC Dynamo in the league until the end of the 1980s. It was rumoured that referee Hans Kulicke from Oderberg had favored BFC Dynamo. However, also BFC Dynamo had been denied a chance to decide the match. A goal by Hartmut Pelka had been disallowed by referee Kulicke due to a foul on Dynamo Dresden goalkeeper Bernd Jakubowski. BFC Dynamo was known as the favourite club of the head of the Stasi Erich Mielke. Dynamo Dresden, on the other hand, was patronaged by Volkspolizei Lieutenant general Willi Nyffenegger. Nyffenegger was the long-time head of the regional district authority of the Volkspolizei in Bezirk Dresden. However, also Dynamo Dresden had supporters in the Stasi. The Stasi had helped Dynamo Dresden to obtain secret information about the line-up of FC Bayern Munich before the match between Dynamo Dresden and FC Bayern Munich in the 1973–74 European Cup on 7 November 1973. Dynamo Dresden would also be supported by Stasi Major general Horst Böhm in the 1980s. Böhm was the head of the regional district administration of the Stasi in Bezirk Dresden. The antagonism between the two clubs also spread to the Stasi Guards Regiment "Felix E. Dzerzhinsky". Weber received a prison sentence and a lifetime ban from playing football at any level in East Germany, while Kotte and Müller received lifetime bans from playing in the top two tiers for alleged complicity. Neither would return to the Oberliga. The punishment against the three players led to rumors and protests in Dresden. However, such claims are doubtful. The three players had been reported by an unofficial collaborator (IM) and Mielke was convinced that all three were originally prepared to defect. Kotte and Müller knew about the intentions of Weber. Weber's escape helpers from Dresden - a technologist, a civil engineer and a waitress - received even harsher punishments. Müller said in an interview with Dresdner Neueste Nachrichten in 2011 that he "knew one hundred per cent" that the uncompromising actions against the three players were a deliberate attempt by the Stasi to weaken Dynamo Dresden in order to secure the supremacy of BFC Dynamo. celebrates a goal against Dynamo Dresden in the DFV-Supercup together with Thomas Doll (left) and Jörg Fügner (right) in 1989.BFC Dynamo and Dynamo Dresden would be the two main contenders for titles in East German football during the 1980s. BFC Dynamo dominated the DDR-Oberliga and won numerous consecutive titles, while Dynamo Dresden had major success in the FDGB-Pokal. The two teams met in the 1981-82 FDGB-Pokal and 1983-84 FDGB-Pokal finals. Dynamo Dresden won both finals and thus stopped BFC Dynamo from completing the Double. Referee Manfred Roßner was banned one year from officiating matches above second tier after the final. On the contrary, Roßner had been approached by the incensed DFV Vice President Franz Rydz after the match, who took him to office for his performance with the words: "You can't always go by the book, but have to officiate in a way that placates the Dresden public". A number of supporters of SG Dynamo Dresden were allegedly arrested after the match. 1. FC Union Berlin BFC Dynamo and 1. FC Union Berlin were founded only a few days apart. Both clubs were formed during the reorganization of East German football in December 1965 and January 1966, when the football departments of ten sports clubs (SC) were reorganized into dedicated football clubs. However, Union Berlin was not part of the original plan. Two football clubs had already been planned for East Berlin. They were to be formed from the football departments of SC Dynamo Berlin and ASK Vorwärts Berlin. In addition, TSC Berlin played only in the second tier DDR-Liga at the time. Herbert Warnke was the chairman of the national state trade union FDGB and a member of the SED Politburo. Another high-ranking SED politician who pushed for the founding a civilian football club in East Berlin was the SED First Secretary in East Berlin and SED Politburo member Paul Verner. Verner held a speech at the founding ceremony of Union Berlin. Both BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin belonged to the elite in East German football. The new football clubs were intended as centers of excellence, with the right to draw on talents within designated geographical areas. However, Union Berlin was able to trace its origins back to FC Olympia Oberschöneweide in 1906. The founding of the Union Berlin was organized by the then SED First Secretary in Köpenick Hans Modrow. Like Herbert Warnke, Hans Modrow would be a sponsoring member of the club. The rivalry between BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin began in the mid-1960s. It was initially based on the geographical proximity to each other. BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin were two clubs from East Berlin in the DDR-Oberliga. The rivalry between the two clubs intensified in the early 1970s. Klaus Korn had insulted players in BFC Dynamo with slurs such as "Stasi-pig". The DFV Legal Commission imposed a one-year ban on Klaus Korn after a circumstantial trial. The DFV Legal Commission also demanded that Union Berlin considered his exclusion from the club. Klaus Korn was then excluded from the club and would never play in the DDR-Oberliga again. The match was attended by 14,000 spectators and the stadium was sold out. The football landscape in East Berlin changed before the 1971–72 season. Vorwärts Berlin was relocated to Frankfurt an der Oder on 31 July 1971. BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin were from now on the only major football clubs in East Berlin. The relocation meant that BFC Dynamo could now take over the role of the dominant team for the armed organs in East Berlin. The team would also have opportunity to eventually move into the larger and more centrally located Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark, which led to increased interest in the club and growing attendance numbers. This meant that BFC Dynamo had gained a much stronger position in East Berlin than Union Berlin when it came to recruiting young players. East German football weekly Die neue Fußballwoche (FuWo) wrote: "The two Berlin clubs agreed, with the approval of the relevant committees of the DFV of the GDR, to delegate the national player to the top league team of the GDR capital." The loss of Lauck was a hard blow for the team. Lauck had contributed greatly to the victory in the final of the 1967–68 FDGB-Pokal and was well-liked among the supporters of Union Berlin. But Lauck had already decided to change team. He would later win two league titles with BFC Dynamo before ending his career due to a knee injury. Union Berlin would remain in the DDR-Liga for several seasons. Instead of playing matches against BFC Dynamo in the DDR-Oberliga, the team was now left to compete with the reserve team of BFC Dynamo, the BFC Dynamo II. Union Berlin would also suffer more blows which further weakened its position in relation to BFC Dynamo. Herbert Warnke passed in 1975 and was replaced as chairman of the FDGB by Harry Tisch. From no on, the club could only rely on support from the regional district management () of the SED in East Berlin and local state-owned enterprises, such as VEB Kabelwerk Oberspree (KWO) and VEB Transformatorenwerk Oberschöneweide (TRO). A number of football clubs became specially promoted focus clubs in the 1970 DFV Football Resolution. The focus clubs were meant to be strengthened through player transfers. Players in teams that had been relegated from the DDR-Oberliga should switch to focus clubs. The focus clubs were also equipped with more staff as well as better material and technical conditions. Union Berlin would now have to delegate some of its best young players to BFC Dynamo. The derby between BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin was now such a heated affair that the matches were moved by the DFV to the neutral Stadion der Weltjugend in Mitte. It was considered that safety could not be guaranteed with the larger number of spectators. Union Berlin also won the return match on 19 February 1977. BFC Dynamo established itself as one of the top teams in the DDR-Oberliga from the mid-1970s. Union Berlin would come to play second fiddle in East Berlin from now on and never finish higher than seventh place in the DDR-Oberliga. In the shadow of BFC Dynamo, Union Berlin would no longer have any major sporting significance in East Germany. Union Berlin became a yo-yo team that hovered between the Oberliga and the DDR-Liga. This was also reflected in the derby between BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin. But the fact that people supported Union Berlin did not automatically mean that they were against the state. There was a simple rule in East German football, where the least privileged club got the most sympathy. Clashes between the supporters of the two teams became increasingly common in the 1970s. Union Berlin had one of the most notorious followings in East Germany at this time. The fights often continued on the side streets of Friedrichstraße. But Union Berlin was mostly just a club struggling against unfavorable conditions. However, Union Berlin would eventually become known for a supporter scene that was anti-establishment, where dissidents could vent their disdain for the system in the anonymity of a crowd. A critical attitude to the system was something that football supporters across East Germany had in common in the 1970s and 1980s. Supporters of Union Berlin from the East German era concede that it is an exaggeration to call the club a "resistance club". There were no political groups among the supporters of Union Berlin. For some supporters of Union Berlin, the dissident reputation of Union Berlin is a legend that was created after Die Wende. Zingler explained that he had sought to spend his military service in Berlin and claimed that he did not know beforehand that the regiment belonged to the Stasi. However, the Stasi Guards Regiment "Felix E. Dzerzhinsky" was an elite formation; it was not possible to simply apply for the regiment. The Stasi selected who it thought were best fit to serve with the regiment, only accepting recruits that were "loyal to the line". Zingler had also been a member of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) and leader in the Free German Youth (FDJ) at the time. The club was the most important thing and the identification with Union Berlin had primarily to do with Köpenick. The rivalry was fueled by local pride from the supporters of the two teams. However, the political dimension was there nonetheless. The political favoritism of BFC Dynamo greatly contributed to the enthusiasm of the supporters of Union Berlin. East Berlin was divided into two: BFC Dynamo was more strongly represented in some parts, and Union Berlin was more strongly represented in other parts. And you lived in Mitte, you were also more likely to be a supporter BFC Dynamo, as the home stadium was only a stone's throw away along Schönhauser Allee. BFC Dynamo defeated Union Berlin with 1–8 and then 7–1 in the round of 16 of the 1978-79 FDGB-Pokal. BFC Dynamo also defeated Union Berlin 8–1 in the Oberliga on 13 September 1986. Thom, Frank Pastor and Christian Backs scored two goals each. The 1980s was a crushing win for BFC Dynamo. Former BFC Dynamo midfielder Falko Götz concluded that: "Union was no opponent to us". Former BFC Dynamo defender Frank Rohde has said that players of BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin often gathered to have a beer together after matches. Union Berlin would then recruit several players from BFC Dynamo over the years, such as Werner Heine in 1966, Werner Voigt, Bernd Kempke and Michael Jakob (via SG Dynamo Fürstenwalde) in 1973, Rainer Rohde in 1976, Rainer Wroblewski in 1977, Olaf Seier in 1983, Ralf Sträßer in 1984, Olaf Hirsch in 1986, Norbert Trieloff in 1987, Mario Maek in 1988, Marco Kostmann and Thomas Grether in 1989, and Bernd Schulz in 1990. As many as three former players of BFC Dynamo were involved in the winning goal for Union Berlin: Mario Maek, Olaf Hirsch and Olaf Seier. Hooligans of FC Berlin stormed the home stands armed with clubs and flares and attacked supporters of Union Berlin at the beginning of the match. FC Berlin then defeated Union Berlin 2–0 in the return match in fifth round in front of 9,475 spectators at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark on 18 June 1991. Heiko Bonan and Thorsten Boer scored one goal each in the match. FC Berlin was only one point behind leader BSG Stahl Brandenburg before the last round. The team managed to defeat Magdeburg 3–5 away on 23 June 1991. However, BSG Stahl Brandenburg defeated Union Berlin 2–0 away. FC Berlin thus finished in second place and missed promotion. Some supporters of BFC Dynamo are convinced that Union Berlin deliberately lost in order to prevent FC Berlin from advancing to the 2. Bundesliga. The two teams met 12 times in total in Regionalliga Nordost between 1994 and 2000. BFC Dynamo won one match and Union Berlin won eight matches. The two teams then met in the round of 16 of the 2000-01 Berlin Cup. The match was played in front of 4,427 spectators at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark on 24 March 2001. Union Berlin won the match 0–3. Riots broke out among supporters of BFC Dynamo in Prenzlauer Berg after the match. The police had to deploy water cannons to control the situation. BFC Dynamo was missing striker Danny Kukulies and first-choice goalkeeper Nico Thomaschewski before the match. Kukulies was suspended and Thomaschewski injured. The return match was played at the Stadion im Sportforum on 13 May 2006. The score was 1–1 when around 200 supporters of BFC Dynamo stormed the pitch to attack supporters of Union Berlin. Around a hundred hooligans from Union Berlin tried to attack a senior tournament organized by BFC Dynamo in the Dynamo-Sporthalle on 30 January 2010. One player of BFC Dynamo and two guest spectators were injured. A number of supporters of BFC Dynamo joined Hertha BSC in the guest block of the Stadion an der Alten Försterei during the derby between Union Berlin and Hertha BSC on 2 November 2019. ==Notes==
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