Pre-production In the 1990s,
Universal Pictures received a pitch from actress
Demi Moore, producer
Suzanne Todd, and writer
Linda Woolverton for a film adaptation of
Gregory Maguire's
Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West (1995) – a
revisionist novel to
L. Frank Baum's 1900 story
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Other actresses who had expressed interest in adapting the novel included
Whoopi Goldberg,
Claire Danes,
Salma Hayek, and
Laurie Metcalf, and they had also been considered for the lead roles along with
Michelle Pfeiffer,
Emma Thompson, and
Nicole Kidman. Woolverton had been hired to write the screenplay, and
Robert Zemeckis was considered a potential director. The musical, titled
Wicked, opened on
Broadway at the
Gershwin Theatre in 2003. The
fourth-longest-running Broadway show in history, the musical has won three
Tony Awards. The original Broadway production starred
Idina Menzel as Elphaba and
Kristin Chenoweth as Glinda. In 2011, Universal began making plans for a film adaptation of the musical. Chenoweth, Menzel,
Lea Michele, and
Amy Adams were all rumored to be potential leads, Holzman and Schwartz were rumored as potential writers, and
J. J. Abrams,
Rob Marshall,
James Mangold, and
Ryan Murphy were all mentioned as possible candidates for director. In 2012, after the screen success of
Les Misérables, Platt announced that the film was going ahead, later confirming it was aiming for a 2016 release. After a long development, Universal announced in 2016 that
Wicked would be released in theatres on December 20, 2019, with
Stephen Daldry directing. Daldry was reported considering
Lady Gaga and
Shawn Mendes for the roles of Elphaba and Fiyero. By 2024, Holzman was credited as the sole writer. In August 2024, it was determined by the
Writers Guild of America that
Dana Fox collaborated with Holzman on the screenplay, and that
Craig Mazin contributed additional literary material. Like the stage musical, the script includes made-up words such as "braverism", "hideoteous", and "confusifying", giving the Land of Oz its own "Ozian" language. In May 2017, Schwartz said
Wicked would feature "at least two" new songs. On August 31, 2018, Universal put it on hold to accommodate its production schedule, and gave
the film adaptation of
Cats the release date formerly held by
Wicked. On February 8, 2019, Universal announced a new release date of December 22, 2021. On April 1, 2020, Universal put
Wicked on hold again due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, and gave
Sing 2 the 2021 release date. On October 20, 2020, it was announced that Daldry had left the production due to scheduling conflicts. On February 2, 2021, it was announced that
Jon M. Chu would take over as director. In August 2021,
Alice Brooks was confirmed as the cinematographer.
Casting In November 2021,
Cynthia Erivo and
Ariana Grande were cast as
Elphaba and
Glinda. Grande had previously recorded "
Popular Song" (a remix of "
Popular") in 2012, and performed "
The Wizard and I" in the 2018
NBC special
A Very Wicked Halloween. Erivo had previously performed "I Couldn't Be Happier" (an excerpt from "Thank Goodness") in the 2021
PBS special
Wicked in Concert. She stated that she began taking acting lessons a year before her first audition, also adding that "transforming [her] voice to sing Glinda's
soprano parts took months".
Dove Cameron,
Reneé Rapp, and
Amanda Seyfried were also reported to have auditioned for Glinda. In June 2022, Chu confirmed the hiring of
Nathan Crowley as production designer. On September 21, it was reported that
Jonathan Bailey had joined the cast as
Fiyero, In October 2022, it was announced that
Jeff Goldblum was in final talks to star as
the Wizard. Goldblum completed talks by December, Unlike the previous film adaptations of the
Oz novels, dwarf actors were not cast as the
Munchkins. In April 2022, Erivo expressed her desire to watch the stage version on Broadway again before filming and stated that she has been "relearning everything". She also said at that time that talks were in progress about the visual style, and confirmed the hiring of
Paul Tazewell as costume designer. Erivo mentioned that she envisioned Elphaba's costume to incorporate "a
Jean Paul Gaultier collection with a '
new world, kind of
gilded age' feeling". Erivo also contributed to Elphaba's hair and nails: "I knew I wanted [Elphaba] to have micro braids and I wanted her to have a full set [of nails] for two reasons: [they are] a nod to my culture and a nod to the world of Oz." She also stated: "I imagined that her nails were a part of her magic – that they just grew out of her and she hadn't yet discovered why, like her green skin."
Writing On April 26, 2022, Chu announced that the adaptation would be filmed in two parts (the other being
Wicked: For Good), saying that it was difficult to incorporate the entire story into one movie without "doing some real damage to it" and compromising the story. Thus, he said, it was decided to split the story into two films; doing so would allow for more "depth and surprise to the journeys for these beloved characters."
Differences from the musical New characters in
Wicked include Miss Coddle; Dulcibear, Elphaba's childhood nanny; and Galinda's parents, who drop her off at Shiz University. Miss Coddle is the university's headmistress, previously Madame Morrible's role in the stage musical, with Morrible now the Dean of Sorcery. New scenes include Elphaba's tutoring sessions with Madame Morrible as she learns to control her powers, flashbacks to her childhood as she's ridiculed for her green skin, and moments showing her and Nessarose's dynamic as sisters. In the musical, Dr. Dillamond was the only Animal professor at Shiz; this is changed in the movie. The sexual content of the novel and the musical was toned down so both films could reach a wider audience and attain a PG rating from the
Motion Picture Association (MPA). Pfannee, who was female in the novel and is cast as such in the musical, is portrayed as male in
Wicked. Elphaba and Fiyero's first meeting in
Wicked happens in the forest, rather than with a group of classmates at Shiz University. "Dancing Through Life" takes place inside the university's circular, rotating library and includes an extended dance break. The Ozdust Ballroom is also reimagined as what Chu called a nightclub in "the underbelly of Oz", complete with a musical band of Animals. The "Popular" performance is extended and features additional
key changes. "One Short Day" is also significantly extended to include the Emerald City Players, who delve into the origins of the Grimmerie. "Defying Gravity" is extended to work as the
cliffhanger, featuring an extra vocal section. Elphaba's
battle cry, which normally ends the song, is followed by a score extension inspired by
Richard Strauss's
Also sprach Zarathustra (made famous by the 1968 film
2001: A Space Odyssey).
Filming Principal photography was set to commence in June 2022 at
Sky Studios Elstree in the United Kingdom. In July 2021, Schwartz indicated there were plans to film in Atlanta that year. In July 2022, it was revealed that rehearsals for
Wicked would start in August, with
principal photography beginning in November. Grande later revealed her crown fittings for costuming took place in September. On December 9, Chu confirmed on
Twitter that filming had begun. Early into filming,
paparazzi were seen flying over the Munchkinland set in
Ivinghoe, England, by
hang glider with
GoPro cameras attached to their feet, in order to
leak photos and videos from the set. Grande told
VMan: "I think we were very spoiled to have done this with [Chu]. It felt like a teeny, little secret student thingit's intimacy... It felt so small and private until all of a sudden, we were outside, and the
Daily Mail was hand gliding over our set". Filming was scheduled to
wrap in late July 2023. Shooting
was suspended on July 13 due to the
2023 SAG-AFTRA strike. Filming resumed and concluded in January 2024, lasting for 155 days. The song vocals were recorded live on set at the insistence of Erivo and Grande. Chu cited
Steven Spielberg's 1991 film
Hook as inspiration for the large-scale sets and practical effects, including nine million colorful
tulips planted on location to surround the
Munchkinland set, a paved
yellow brick road with real mud, and a life-size
art deco-inspired train to transport Elphaba and Glinda to the
Emerald City. Chu also cited the 1998 films
Pleasantville and
The Truman Show as influences on how both
Wicked and
Wicked: For Good thematically portray the Land of Oz, saying, "It helps create this idea of the rebelliousness that this new younger generation are discovering... How far will that take everybody in Oz throughout the course of the whole story of both movies? It's an awakening of a generation. You start to see the truth about things that maybe you were taught differently." The interior of the Wizard's castle was inspired by
Hans Poelzig's
Großes Schauspielhaus.
Post-production and visual effects Industrial Light & Magic and
Framestore provided the
visual effects for
Wicked, with
Pablo Helman serving as the production visual effects supervisor. On February 6, 2024, it was confirmed that post-production work was in progress, with Chu working remotely with editor
Myron Kerstein via with the newly released
Apple Vision Pro. Throughout editing, Kerstein felt emotionally connected to
Wicked and its story, particularly during post-production work on the Ozdust Ballroom and "Defying Gravity" sequences. Reflecting on the former scene, he stated: "We always felt like the Ozdust Ballroom was basically the set piece we had to get right, because if that didn't work, the rest of the movie was going to fall apart." The sequence involved watching the entireties of every ten-minute-long take of Elphaba and Glinda's dance duet and picking the right portions that provoked the most emotional response. Editing on the entire film was done through
Avid Media Composer.
Wicked has 2,200 visual effects shots. Team Aspect handled the main-on-end title sequence and motion design, using 1930s stylization in homage to
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's film
The Wizard of Oz (1939); this included a recreation of the Universal logo at the start, along with onscreen typography for the title and "To be continued" cards similar to the font used in
The Wizard of Oz. Many of the dubs have actresses reprising their roles as Elphaba and Glinda after previously portraying them on stage, including
Danna Paola and Ceci de la Cueva in
Latin American Spanish, In the
German dub, Elphaba was voiced by Sabrina Weckerlin, who was an alternate for the character in the original 2007 production. Johanne Milland, the voice of Glinda in
Danish, portrayed the character in the 2024 production.
Dutch actress Vajèn van den Bosch, who portrayed Elphaba in the German production in 2021, instead returned as Glinda in the Dutch dub. Additionally, certain local performers were brought in to dub Menzel and Chenoweth's cameos.
Willemijn Verkaik, who first played Elphaba in the original 2007 German production and again in several international engagements (including the original 2011 Dutch production, as well as the West End and Broadway in 2013), dubbed over Menzel in the Dutch and German versions, together with Chenoweth's dubbers and original Glinda actresses
Chantal Janzen returned to dub Menzel in Danish. Other dubs, particularly in countries where the musical had not premiered, saw Menzel dubbed over by actresses who had voiced another character she originated:
Elsa from
Disney's
Frozen. Such instances included Elke Buyle in
Flemish, Nikolett Füredi in
Hungarian, Taryn Szpilman in Brazilian Portuguese, and
Annika Herlitz in
Swedish. In Norway,
Wicked was released without the musical ever being staged there. Two days before the release, a first-time Norwegian production of the musical was announced, and premiered on March 6, 2025. Sanne Kvitnes reprised her role as Elphaba, while
Alexandra Rotan took over the role of Glinda
Music (pictured in 2008), composed the score with
Stephen Schwartz. The soundtrack album for
Wicked was released on November 22, 2024, through
Republic and
Verve Records. The score album was released on December 6, 2024. The recording sessions took place at
AIR Studios in London, with the musical's original music director
Stephen Oremus conducting the song cues and Powell conducting the score cues alongside
Gavin Greenaway, all with the
London Symphony Orchestra. Schwartz, Oremus, and
Greg Wells were the soundtrack's producers. On April 4, 2025, a new version of the soundtrack was released featuring spoken commentary on all songs by
Wicked cast and crew. Some songs from
Wicked: For Good appear in the film, most prominently "
For Good" in scenes showcasing Elphaba and Glinda's friendship.
Main musical numbers • "No One Mourns the Wicked" – Glinda and Citizens of Oz • "Dear Old Shiz" – Students and Glinda • "
The Wizard and I" – Madame Morrible and Elphaba • "What Is This Feeling?" – Glinda, Elphaba and Students • "Something Bad" – Doctor Dillamond and Elphaba • "Dancing Through Life" – Fiyero, Glinda, Boq, Nessarose, Elphaba and Students • "
Popular" – Glinda • "I'm Not That Girl" – Elphaba • "One Short Day" – Elphaba, Glinda and Ozians • "A Sentimental Man" – The Wizard • "
Defying Gravity" – Elphaba, Glinda, Madame Morrible and Ozians ==Marketing==