Africa • AD 2 –
Juba II of
Mauretania joins Gaius Caesar in Armenia as a military advisor. It is during this period that he meets
Glaphyra, a Cappadocian princess and the former wife of Alexandros of
Judea, a brother of
Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Judea, and becomes enamoured with her. • AD 7 – The epoch of the
Ethiopian calendar begins.
China • AD 1 –
Confucius is given his first royal title (
posthumous name) of Baocheng Xuan Ni Gong. • AD 2 –
Wang Mang begins a program of personal aggrandizement, restoring marquess titles to past imperial princes and introducing a pension system for retired officials. Restrictions are placed on the Emperor's mother, Consort Wei and members of the Wei Clan. • AD 2 – The first
census is concluded in
China after having begun the year before: final numbers show a population of nearly 60 million (59,594,978 people in slightly more than 12 million households). The census is one of the most accurate surveys in Chinese history. • AD 4 –
Emperor Ping of Han marries
Empress Wang (Ping), daughter of
Wang Mang, cementing his influence. • AD 4 –
Wang Mang is given the title "superior duke". • AD 9,
January 10 –
Wang Mang founds the short-lived
Xin dynasty in
China (until
AD 25). Wang Mang names his wife,
Wang, empress and his son, Wang Lin
Crown Prince, heir to the throne. • AD 9 – Empress
Wang is given the title of Duchess Dowager of Ding'an, while
Ruzi Ying, the former Emperor of Han, becomes the Duke of Ding'an. Ruzi Ying is placed under house arrest.
Europe • AD 8 –
Tincomarus, deposed king of the
Atrebates, flees
Britain for Rome;
Eppillus becomes king.
Korea • AD 4 –
Namhae Chachaung succeeds
Bak Hyeokgeose as king of the
Korean kingdom of
Silla (traditional date).
Persia • AD 2 -
Vonones I, who had been installed as king of the Parthian Empire after a period of exile in Rome, was deposed by the
Mahestan, the Parthian noble council. His Romanized policies and mannerisms were unpopular among the Parthian aristocracy, prompting the council to replace him with
Artabanus III, a more traditional Parthian ruler. • AD 4 – King
Phraataces and Queen
Musa of Parthia are overthrown and killed, the crown being offered to
Orodes III of Parthia—the beginning of the
interregnum. • AD 7 –
Vonones I becomes ruler of the
Parthian Empire (approximate date). • AD 8 –
Vonones I becomes king (
shah) of the
Parthian Empire.
Roman Empire • AD 1 –
Tiberius, under order of Emperor
Augustus, quells revolts in
Germania (AD 1–5). • AD 1 –
Gaius Caesar meets with
Phraates V, the king of
Parthia, on the
Euphrates. Rather than invading the Parthians, Gaius Caesar concludes peace with them; Parthia recognizes Roman claims to
Armenia. • AD 1 – Birth of
Jesus, as assigned by
Dionysius Exiguus in his
anno Domini era according to at least one scholar. However, most scholars think that Dionysius placed the birth of Jesus in the previous year,
1 BC. • AD 2 – Following the death of
Lucius Caesar,
Augustus allows his stepson
Tiberius back into
Rome as a private citizen, after six years of enforced retirement on
Rhodes. • AD 2 –
Maison Carrée,
Nîmes,
France, is built. • AD 3 – The rule of Emperor
Augustus is renewed for a ten-year period. • AD 4 – Emperor
Augustus summons
Tiberius to Rome, and names him his heir and future emperor. At the same time,
Agrippa Postumus, the last son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, is also adopted and named as Augustus' heir. • AD 4 – Tiberius also adopts
Germanicus as his own heir. • AD 4 – The
Lex Aelia Sentia regulates the
manumission of
slaves. • AD 4 – A pact of non-aggression and friendship is signed between the
Roman Empire, represented by
Tiberius, and the German tribe the
Cherusci, represented by their King
Segimer.
Arminius and Flavus, sons of Segimer, are brought into the Roman army as leaders of the auxiliary troops. • AD 4 –
Julia the Elder returns from exile to live in
Rhegium in disgrace. • AD 4 –
Livilla marries
Drusus Julius Caesar, son of
Tiberius. • AD 4 –
Nicolaus of Damascus writes the 15-volume
History of the World. • AD 5 –
Rome acknowledges
Cunobelinus, king of the
Catuvellauni, as king of
Britain. • AD 5 – The
Germanic tribes of
Cimbri and
Charydes send ambassadors to Rome. • AD 5 –
Tiberius conquers
Germania Inferior. • AD 5 –
Agrippina the Elder marries
Germanicus, her second cousin. • AD 6 – Due to a catastrophic fire in Rome, the barracks system - the
vigiles, initially manned only by freedmen - is created by the
Princeps Augustus to allow quicker response to outbreaks of fire in the city. • AD 6 – Due to a food shortage in
Rome, Augustus doubles the grain rations distributed to the people, sends away his slave retinue, and places the senate in recess indefinitely. • AD 6 – The
Princeps Augustus sets up a treasury, the
aerarium militare (170 million
sestertii), with the specific purpose of paying bonuses to retiring legion veterans. This is financed by a 5% tax on inheritances, a system said to have been suggested in
Julius Caesar's memoirs. • AD 6 – The
Temple of Castor and Pollux is rededicated in Rome by Tiberius after being destroyed by fire in 14 BC. • AD 6 – A pamphletting campaign in Rome is quashed by the
Princeps Augustus.
Publius Plautius Rufus is accused but found innocent of the crime. • AD 6 –
Princeps Augustus banishes
Agrippa Postumus, one of his adopted sons, to the island of
Planasia. • AD 6 –
Tiberius makes
Carnuntum his base of operations against
Maroboduus; The
Roman legion XX Valeria Victrix fight with Tiberius against the
Marcomanni. • AD 6 – The building of a Roman fort signifies the origin of the city of
Wiesbaden. • AD 6 – The Illyrian tribes in
Dalmatia and
Pannonia revolt and begin the or
Great Illyrian Revolt. • AD 6 – Troops are levied in Rome to send to
Illyricum from freedmen and slaves freed specifically for the purpose. • AD 6 – Gaius
Caecina Severus is made governor of Moesia, and is heavily involved in the first battles of the or
Great Illyrian Revolt. • AD 6 –
Marcus Plautius Silvanus is made governor of
Galatia and
Pamphylia and suppresses an uprising of the
Isaurians in Pamphylia. • AD 6 –
Herod Archelaus,
ethnarch of
Samaria,
Judea, and
Idumea, is deposed and banished to
Vienne in
Gaul. • AD 7 –
Publius Quinctilius Varus is appointed governor of
Germania, charged with organizing Germania between the
Rhine and
Elbe rivers. He carries out a census, devises tributes and recruits soldiers, all of which creates dissension among the Germanic tribes. • AD 7 –
Abgarus of Edessa is deposed as king of
Osroene. • AD 7 – Construction of the
Temple of Concord begins. • AD 8,
August 3 – Roman general
Tiberius defeats the
Illyrians in
Dalmatia on the River Bathinus, but the
Great Illyrian Revolt continues. • AD 8 –
Vipsania Julia is exiled.
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and his family are disgraced.
Augustus breaks off the engagement of
Claudius to Paullus' daughter
Aemilia Lepida. An effort is made to betroth Claudius to
Livia Medullina Camilla. • AD 8 – After completing
Metamorphoses,
Ovid begins the
Fasti (Festivals), 6 books that detail the first 6 months of the year and provide valuable insights into the
Roman calendar. • AD 8 – Roman
poet Ovid is banished from
Rome and exiled to the
Black Sea near Tomis (modern-day
Constanța). • AD 9, c.
September 9 –
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest:
Legio XVII,
XVIII and
XIX are lured by
Arminius into an ambush and defeated by his tribe, the
Cherusci, and their Germanic allies. The Roman
aquilae are lost and the Roman general and governor
Publius Quinctilius Varus dies by suicide.
Legio II Augusta,
XX Valeria Victrix, and
XIII Gemina move to Germany to replace the lost legions. • AD 9 – The
Bellum Batonianum (Great Illyrian Revolt) in Dalmatia is suppressed. • AD 9 – First record of the subdivision of the province of
Illyricum into lower (
Pannonia) and upper (
Dalmatia) regions. • AD 9 – In order to increase the number of marriages, and ultimately the population, the
Lex Papia Poppaea is adopted in Italy. This law prohibits celibacy and childless relationships. • AD 9 –
Roman finances become strained following the Danubian insurrection and the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, resulting in the levying of two new taxes: five percent on inheritances, and one percent on sales. • AD 9 –
Cunobeline is first recorded to be king of the
Catuvellauni at
Camulodunum (modern-day Colchester) in Britain. • AD 9 –
Ovid completes the curse poem
Ibis. == Demographics ==