By place Byzantine Empire • Emperor
John II Komnenos recovers southwestern
Anatolia (modern
Turkey) from the
Seljuk Turks and then hastens to the
Balkans, where the
Pechenegs are continuing their incursions. He transfers Byzantine troops to the
Danube frontier at
Paristrion.
Levant • Summer – Seljuk forces under
Toghtekin make extensive raids into
Galilee. King
Baldwin II of Jerusalem, in reprisal, crosses the
Jordan River with a Crusader army and ravages the countryside. He occupies and destroys a fortress that Toghtekin has built at
Jerash.
Europe •
March 2 –
Petronilla of Lorraine becomes
regent of
Holland (
Low Countries) after her husband,
Floris II ("the Fat") dies. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old son
Dirk VI (Theodoric). • A large rebellion takes place in
Córdoba (modern
Spain) against the ruling
Almoravid dynasty.
England •
January 24 –
Adeliza of Louvain, age 17, marries King
Henry I of England two months after the accidental death of the heir to the English throne, Henry's only legitimate son,
William Adelin.
Eurasia • Summer – Sultan
Mahmud II of the
Seljuk Empire declares a
Holy War on the
Kingdom of Georgia. He sends an expedition under
Ilghazi, the
Artukid ruler of
Mardin, to invade the country. •
August 12 –
Battle of Didgori: King
David IV ("the Builder") of Georgia with a Georgian army of 55,600 men) defeats the 300,000-strong
Seljuk coalition forces at
Mount Didgori. • The much larger
Seljuk army is heavily defeated;
Georgia is unified and independence is achieved from Muslim authority. King
David IV lays siege and captures
Tbilisi later in the year assigning it as his capital.
Asia • Emperor
Emperor Huizong of Song sends an expedition to crush the rebellion at
Hangzhou (modern-day
Zhejiang) in
China. The rebels are defeated and their leader
Fang La is captured and executed.
By topic Religion • Spring –
Peter Abelard, a French theologian and philosopher, is condemned and charged with the heresy of
Sabellius in a synod at
Soissons. Abelard writes
Sic et Non. •
April 22 – Antipope
Gregory VIII (supported by Emperor
Henry V) is arrested by papal troops at
Sutri. He is taken to
Rome and imprisoned in the
Septizonium. •
December 25 (
Christmas Day) – The
Praemonstratensian Order (Norbertines) is formed, when a group of canons make solemn vows at
Prémontré. • Henry I founds
Reading Abbey in
England. The
Cluniac Order populates the abbey. • The third and largest church is completed at
Cluny Abbey (modern
France). •
L'Aumône Abbey is founded by Count
Theobald IV of Blois at
Loir-et-Cher. == Births ==